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Articles 1 - 30 of 30
Full-Text Articles in History
Dancers Of The Book: Yemenite, Persian, And Kurdish Jewish Dance, Quinn Bicer
Dancers Of The Book: Yemenite, Persian, And Kurdish Jewish Dance, Quinn Bicer
Anthós
Despite the cultural significance of dance in Jewish communities around the world, research into Middle Eastern Jewish dance outside of the modern nation-state of Israel is sorely under-researched. This article aims to help rectify this by focusing on Yemenite, Persian/Iranian, and Kurdish Jewish dance and explores how these dancers have functioned and been received within the societies they have been a part of. The methods that have gone into this article are a combination of analyzing primary source recorded dances and existing secondary source research into the dance of these communities. Through these methods, this article reveals how Yemenite, Iranian, …
Diabolical Or Masculine Men? Opposing Views Of Male Witches In Early Modern England, Giuliana T. Mintiero
Diabolical Or Masculine Men? Opposing Views Of Male Witches In Early Modern England, Giuliana T. Mintiero
Anthós
Accused witches in early modern England were predominantly female, with historians often connecting the witches’ gender to these accusations. However, a small but substantial number of males were also accused of witchcraft. This has sparked debate in the discourse community over whether gender plays a role in witchcraft accusations against males. In their respective articles, witchcraft scholars Millar and Kent both ask how ordinary people during the English witchcraft trials of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries viewed males accused of witchcraft, arriving at very different conclusions. Millar determines that male witches’ gender is not important, while Kent decides that it …
“For The Right To Live”: Radical Activity In Portland’S Parks During The Great Depression, Eliana Bane
“For The Right To Live”: Radical Activity In Portland’S Parks During The Great Depression, Eliana Bane
Anthós
During the Great Depression, Portland's working class joined in the national surge of radicalism to fight for economic relief and social justice. One of organized labor’s most effective strategies was to stage mass demonstrations in highly visible public spaces, such as Plaza Park adjacent City Hall in downtown. Rallying in city parks represented workers’ determination to exercise their free speech in spite of Red Scare suppression of leftist radicals. This essay explores the role of public parks in the history of the labor movement in Portland during the Depression, primarily focusing on Plaza Park since it was a hub for …
Back To Nature: Marie Antionette And The Cottagecore Fantasy, Rose Caughie
Back To Nature: Marie Antionette And The Cottagecore Fantasy, Rose Caughie
Anthós
This essay is an examination of the legacy of Marie Antionette's Chemise a la Reine. At the end of the 18th century, a portrait of the queen in this dress caused scandal and outrage. Despite, or perhaps because of this, the Chemise a la Reine became a staple in the wardrobe of the Western woman. Today, this style continues to be popular. This is particularly notable in the Cottagecore aesthetic movement. Much like Marie Antionette's use of this style, Cottagecore fashion carries deep ties to an escapist pastoral fantasy. However, more important is the continued legacy of Neoclassicism and the …
Who Lives, Who Dies, Who Sings Which Story?: Narrative Production And Race In The Curriculum Of Film Musicals, Joanna Batt, Michael Joseph
Who Lives, Who Dies, Who Sings Which Story?: Narrative Production And Race In The Curriculum Of Film Musicals, Joanna Batt, Michael Joseph
Northwest Journal of Teacher Education
Film musicals serve as a tool to infuse historical and cultural content into social studies curricula towards greater student engagement—for example, Lin Manuel-Miranda's Hamilton has become a celebrated classroom piece due to its ability to blend history with hip-hop and pop culture. Yet beyond language and content scans, teachers rarely examine or utilize musicals for how their narratives (mis)represent racial communities. This critical film analysis of three film musicals, using the theoretical framework of history production, reveals themes of historical morality, romantic relationship and race, and implicit/explicit racial messaging. Although troubling in their overall contribution to racial projects, film musicals …
Public History Is Now, Sarah E. Dougher
Public History Is Now, Sarah E. Dougher
Amplify: A Journal of Writing-as-Activism
A walking tour of downtown Portland in August 2021 raises questions for the writer about the purpose of “memory activism,” its relation to writing-as-activism. Drawing on critiques of urbanist Jane Jacobs and interrogating the concept of “reckoning,” the essay explores ways in which the streetscape and people there can deliver meaning and pose questions about systemic racism and unsheltered existence.
Colonial Articulations: Race, Violence, And Coloniality In Kafka's "Penal Colony", Marshall Pierce
Colonial Articulations: Race, Violence, And Coloniality In Kafka's "Penal Colony", Marshall Pierce
PSU McNair Scholars Online Journal
Franz Kafka’s short story “In the Penal Colony” has been widely, even exhaustively studied. However, there is a dearth of analysis which stresses the centrality of the colony as a site, and race as a structure, in this text in a sustained and appropriately nuanced manner. While Kafka’s work is often read as representing universal conditions of domination and alienation, this paper argues that “In the Penal Colony” illustrates specific political processes and relations which belong to colonial and racialized orders of power. Reading “In the Penal Colony” alongside theorists such as Frantz Fanon, Achille Mbembe, and Saidiya Hartman, this …
Privatizing The Second Gender: The Origins Of Private Property And Its Relation To Female Sexual Enslavement In The Capitalist Economy, Van Thao Tran
Privatizing The Second Gender: The Origins Of Private Property And Its Relation To Female Sexual Enslavement In The Capitalist Economy, Van Thao Tran
Anthós
With this inquiry, I seek to establish that the privatization of women as property not only originates from but also propagates the creation of private property as is theorized by Thorstein Veblen – and, through both Veblen’s and Friedrich Engel’s research, we can entail that the erosion of women’s agency and ownership is enforced during the early sedentary stages of human development. Throughout the course of history, women’s barbaric status as war loot has evolved into a more insidious institution of naturalized slavery and sexual encumbrance through the adoption of John Locke’s natural rights philosophy into the businessman’s practice, the …
Galen’S Analogy: Animal Experimentation And Anatomy In The Second Century C.E., Annastasia Conner
Galen’S Analogy: Animal Experimentation And Anatomy In The Second Century C.E., Annastasia Conner
Anthós
Galen of Pergamum (129 – ca. 216 C.E.) is truly one of the most pivotal characters in the history of medicine, and particularly the field of anatomy. A physician in the ancient Roman Empire, he did not allow his work to be constrained by contemporary boundaries, instead delving further into the field of anatomy and physiology than any doctor had yet done. He built upon the existing work of his predecessors as well as making new discoveries through which he would shape contemporary and future understandings of anatomy, and of medicine as a whole. Although a luminary in his field, …
Knowledge Is Power: The Political Influence Of The Chanter Social Circle At The University Of Paris (1200-1215), Andrew X. Fleming
Knowledge Is Power: The Political Influence Of The Chanter Social Circle At The University Of Paris (1200-1215), Andrew X. Fleming
Anthós
The faculty of theology within the medieval University of Paris formed a major node within the social network of thirteenth-century Europe. Through an analysis of papal and university statutes concerning the development of a defined understanding of heresy, an overview of the historiographic methodologies traditionally used in studying such a topic, and a prosopographically-based analysis of the actions taken by Pope Innocent III and a small circle of theologians at Paris, we hope to come to a more clarified understanding of the political motivations which drove academic and papal reform within the thirteenth century. More specifically, this study aims to …
The British-American Imperial Agenda In Iraq: The Oil And Railway Line From Kirkuk To Haifa, 1920-1932, Melinda Cohoon
The British-American Imperial Agenda In Iraq: The Oil And Railway Line From Kirkuk To Haifa, 1920-1932, Melinda Cohoon
PSU McNair Scholars Online Journal
By using data from the Records of Department of State Relating to the Internal Affairs of Asia, 1910-1929 and the Iraqi Administration Reports, in regards to the railway and pipeline infrastructure, along with integral secondary source material like Peter Sluglett’s Britain in Iraq: Contriving King and Country (2007, 2nd ed.), this study addresses the concept of identity among the Sunni Arab elite as well as Kurds within Iraq, who were embedded within this new imperial reality of oil and railways between 1920 and 1929. This study has found that the U.S. had a covert interest in the shaping of …
Veblen On National Economic Development, Rebekkah Brainerd
Veblen On National Economic Development, Rebekkah Brainerd
Anthós
This inquiry seeks to establish that Thorstein Veblen introduces key ideas concerning national economic development in his book Imperial Germany and the Industrial Revolution. Using works by prominent scholars Alexander Gerschenkron and Gary Becker, this inquiry addresses the role of the state, human capital theory, and late industrialization theory. While specific ideas about the development of societies can be gleaned, ultimately it is about the individual factors of each society in how and why it develops as it does.
Américo Castro And His Idea Of Saint James: The Historiographical Legacy, Daniel Blanchard
Américo Castro And His Idea Of Saint James: The Historiographical Legacy, Daniel Blanchard
Anthós
This essay aims in essence to echo what the late great Hispanist Albert A. Sicroff suggested in an article published over forty years ago, in the winter preceding Américo Castro's death. Sicroff said of Castro, "Despite his critics, he has made formidable contributions toward understanding what went on within that Spanish morada vital to produce some of the most magnificent expressions of human existence the world has known." Indeed, Castro faced many critics as he flourished as one of the twentieth century's most prestigious scholars of Spanish history and culture. Yet his critics, as Sicroff has explained, often demonstrated a …
Girl Power: The Episcopate And Female Agency In The Central Middle Ages, Jackie Brooks
Girl Power: The Episcopate And Female Agency In The Central Middle Ages, Jackie Brooks
Anthós
In 1076, Henry IV, King of Germany (1056-1106), convened a synod of bishops with the intention of denouncing and deposing Pope Gregory VII (1073-85) in response to the latter’s actions after the Lenten Synod of 1075. A majority of the German bishops present, allied with Henry, produced a letter to Gregory in which they renounced the method of his ascension to the papacy, as well as the methods he employed to achieve the reform he sought. In one passage, they particularly renounced Gregory’s well-known close relationships with several powerful women. The complaints of the bishops revolve around the belief that …
Veblen’S Vested Interest And Power, Bryan Gordon
Veblen’S Vested Interest And Power, Bryan Gordon
Anthós
With this inquiry I shall seek to establish that Thorstein Veblen advanced theories which related the vested interests with power. To accomplish this I shall first dissect the meanings behind Veblen’s definitions of "the vested interest", "intangible assets" and "free income." I then, using the previous analysis relate the state to vested interests and solidify their collective unity. After this connection I proceed onto analyzing the implications of the vested interest and how it relates to the common man. Power, normally analyzed within the context of political science is rarely spoken of within economics, this analysis strives to bring the …
Mexico And Expropriation: The Case Of The German-American Coffee Company, Angela Winters
Mexico And Expropriation: The Case Of The German-American Coffee Company, Angela Winters
Anthós
There are many books that have dealt with agrarian issues in Mexico in general terms, five of which I have used for this paper. However, we lack knowledge of the practice of these critical issues, even to this day, and how they were enacted differed from state to state.
Institutionalization In The Palestinian Refugee Camps Of Lebanon, Devon Woznack
Institutionalization In The Palestinian Refugee Camps Of Lebanon, Devon Woznack
Anthós
Immediately following the Arab-Israeli war of 1948, the majority of Palestinians were expelled from Israel. They fled and settled as refugees in camps throughout the Middle East, including several in Lebanon. This event came to be known to them as al-nakba, or the catastrophe. Since then, many changes in leadership have plagued the Lebanese camps, each further institutionalizing the camps and services. These changes, combined with dwindling resources and discrimination by the Lebanese government, have created a hostile environment for the refugees. This institutionalization can be seen in several ways: via the establishment of aid organizations to control, monitor …
Trading Freedom In The Russian Empire: The Extent To Which Russia Attempted To Solve The Jewish Question By Granting Jews Rights Only In Scenerios That Economically Benefited The State, Nathan Hellman
Anthós
Ever since its first known usage during the so-called "Jew Bill" controversy concerning the naturalization process for English Jews in the 1750s, the term Jewish Question has connoted a fairly simple, straightforward idea: How should a state craft policies to "properly" handle its Jewish population. However, its inherent subjectivity and the sheer multitude of possibilities ensured that no correspondingly simple, straightforward answer to the Jewish Question was offered in any country throughout Europe. Mired in centuries-old religious strife, constantly shifting boundaries and mounds of legislation, Russia's encounter with the Jewish Question stands out as one of the most complex— capable …
Between Two Jailers: Women's Experience During Colonialism, War, And Independence In Algeria, Adrienne Leonhardt
Between Two Jailers: Women's Experience During Colonialism, War, And Independence In Algeria, Adrienne Leonhardt
Anthós
After a nearly 130-year regime of violence and oppression under French colonialism, Algerians began their struggle for independence in 1954. Nearly one million people were killed, centuries-old traditions were broken, and the country was torn apart. The Algerian war has also been described as a “moment in which gendered, religious, and ethnic identities were challenged.” Within Algerian society and the French colonial regime at the time, expectations were deeply ingrained regarding the status and rights of women. Particularly significant is the impact that the war had on shaping Algerian women’s role in society. Both sides used women during the conflict …
Russian Nationalists' Misconception Of The Turkestan Cotton Industry, 1911, William Cohoon
Russian Nationalists' Misconception Of The Turkestan Cotton Industry, 1911, William Cohoon
Anthós
In 1833, the United States and Russia came to terms on what is known as the Commercial and Navigation Treaty of 1832, from here on out referred to as the Treaty of 1832. This became the first trade agreement between the two countries, thanks to which Russia began to import vast amounts of cotton and agricultural equipment. In 1911, the United States abrogated the Treaty of 1832, a result of the Russian policies regarding emigration and the treatment of Jewish Americans in Russia. Subsequently, certain Russian nationalists denounced U.S. as meddling in Imperial Russian affairs, and in a surprising move …
"The Perfidy Of The Jews": Visigothic Law And The Catholic Public Sphere, Jonathan Phillips
"The Perfidy Of The Jews": Visigothic Law And The Catholic Public Sphere, Jonathan Phillips
Anthós
In this essay, I will analyze the Visigothic law code, the Forum judicum, as revised by King Recces winth in 654 CE and King Erwig in 681 CE, in order to examine Visigothic society as envisioned by its lawmakers. In particular, I will focus on the role of Jews in this social framework. While these laws were, of course, normative and not necessarily reflective of any historical reality outside the imaginations of their authors, they can be used to attempt to determine the intent of the Visigothic rulers towards the Jews in their kingdom. To this end, I will …
Imperialistic Incentives, Katherine Jensen
Imperialistic Incentives, Katherine Jensen
Anthós
Within this essay I will summarize author Andrew Wender Cohen’s 2010 article entitled "Smuggling, Globalization, and America’s Outward State, 1870-1909." I will describe the structure of the article as three distinct sections with an introduction and conclusion and complete a deeper analysis of the function of each section on an individual basis. An investigation of the primary and especially secondary sources will help to put Cohen’s article into context as part of a greater discussion between other historical scholars. A closer look into the relevance and fit of the sources/evidence used for Cohen’s article will be complemented by a study …
"The Revolutionary Road To Ruin: Friedrich Hecker And The Insurrection Of April 1848": An Interview With Dr. Steven Fuller (Department Of German, Portland State University) About His Upcoming Book, Alex Sorenson
Anthós
Transcript of an interview with Dr. Steven Fuller (Department of German, Portland State University) about his upcoming book
Entanglement: Health, Healing And Society In Africa, Haley Noel
Entanglement: Health, Healing And Society In Africa, Haley Noel
Anthós
As a continent, Africa has been explored, exploited, and largely abandoned by the West. During the colonial era of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, foreign powers encountered diverse cultures, superstitions and disease before promptly labeling the entire continent a dangerous and primitive place. For early explorers and colonialists, disease and the threat of ill health is what defined Africa. They overlooked the pre-existing strategies and practices that Africans had adapted to guard against certain diseases, either ignoring them or labeling the misunderstood safety nets as primitive. Also overlooked was the importance of societal organization and communal cooperation among …
Anticipated Effects Of The U.S. Mexico City Policy On The Attainability Of The Millennium Development Goals And Future Development Efforts In Sub-Saharan Africa, Katherine Clare Alexander
Anticipated Effects Of The U.S. Mexico City Policy On The Attainability Of The Millennium Development Goals And Future Development Efforts In Sub-Saharan Africa, Katherine Clare Alexander
Anthós
In the low-income countries of sub-Saharan Africa, the performance of pyramidal reproductive health and family planning services with public outreach initiatives has not met the expectations or the needs of the communities they serve. Insufficient case management, limited management capacity and referral and communication failures are challenges faced on the delivery level, while on the policy level these health clinics face insufficient coordination among organizations and weak links between programs (Schneider, 2006). The Mexico City Policy, first introduced by President Reagan in 1984, only exacerbated these challenges for organizations that offer comprehensive contraception and family planning programs by denying any …
Cultural Responses To Climate Change In The Holocene, Richard Prentice
Cultural Responses To Climate Change In The Holocene, Richard Prentice
Anthós
Variable Holocene climate conditions have caused cultures to thrive, adapt or fail. The invention of agriculture and the domestication of plants and animals allowed sedentary societies to develop and are the result of the climate becoming warmer after the last glaciation. The subsequent cooling of the Younger Dryas forced humans to concentrate into geographic areas that had an abundant water supply and ultimately favorable conditions for the use of agriculture and widespread domestication of plants and animals. Population densities would have reached a threshold and forced a return to foraging, however the end of the Younger Dryas at 10,000 BP …
Congress And The Era, Emily Yoder
Congress And The Era, Emily Yoder
Anthós
The Equal Rights Amendment was a constitutional amendment that guaranteed that the "equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex." In this paper I will analyze the policy process in the critical years from the ERA's discharge from committee in 1970 to its passage through Congress in 1972 through both primary documents and scholarly opinion. By thoroughly examining the controversy over the ERA through the views and strategies of those advocating and opposing it, I will show how the momentum for social change characterized …
Kurt Tucholsky: Left-Wing Intellectual And Politically-Engaged Journalist, David Johnson
Kurt Tucholsky: Left-Wing Intellectual And Politically-Engaged Journalist, David Johnson
Anthós Journal (1990-1996)
Critics of intellectuals have focused on the naive idealism of intellectuals and their tendency to withdraw from the political theater, instead concentrating on their respective specialties. Tucholsky did not fit into this group of intellectuals, as he was an active participant in the political debates of the day. He polemicized, satirized and criticized. He wrote poems and cabarets. When he saw a theme which needed to be addressed, he tackled it; often many times. He focused on real issues. His methods of satire and criticism were purposefully used to highlight the real problems faced by Germany. Tucholsky may have not …
The Loss Of Feminine Representation From The Aeneid To The Confessions, Merlin Douglass
The Loss Of Feminine Representation From The Aeneid To The Confessions, Merlin Douglass
Anthós Journal (1990-1996)
This paper argues that “the change in the power of women from the time of Vergil to the time of Augustine altered the way in which they were represented” in the seminal texts of Vergil’s Aeneid and Augustine’s Confessions. Augustine’s Confessions have long been thought to be inspired by and echoing of the Aeneid. This paper, however, suggests that the striking loss of the female voice from the Aeneid to the Confessions is a result of the changed status of female power between the two time periods as well as a reminder of the purpose of the Confessions: to show …
The Orchestration Of Nature's Writing Surfaces, Laurie M. O'Reilly
The Orchestration Of Nature's Writing Surfaces, Laurie M. O'Reilly
Anthós Journal (1990-1996)
This articles stretches Derrida’s notion of writing by positing that writing itself might be thought of as "that which can be read or interpreted." This breaks the absolute bond between writing and human handicraft and suggests new ways of understanding the way we interpret natural phenomena. This paper traces this concept through numerous natural phenomena and suggests that perhaps the limits of meaning might have more to do with the interpreter’s range of understanding when it comes to natural gestures and "writings." In the end writing comes to be understood as durative, or has having duration. In this interpretation comes …