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Articles 1 - 30 of 57
Full-Text Articles in History
The La Uprising On Camera: The Changing Mediascape And Its Influence On Conceptions Of Race And Poverty, Neave Carroll
The La Uprising On Camera: The Changing Mediascape And Its Influence On Conceptions Of Race And Poverty, Neave Carroll
Phi Alpha Theta Pacific Northwest Regional Conference
Using the LA Riots as a case study, this paper examines the impact broadcast journalism had on electoral politics in America by deconstructing the media discourse surrounding the event and reviewing the electorate’s response. Mainstream network broadcast transcriptions and archival footage represent the bulk of source material used. These sources suggest changes in journalistic methods, such as the adoption of the 24-hour news cycle and sensationalist reporting, as well as new technologies like the camcorder which led to the advent of eyewitness reporting, coalesced to influence politics in 1992. Urban crime was linked to an ailing economy, encouraging politicians to …
‘I Just Had To Do Most Everything’: Colonial Implications Of Settler Women’S Roles In Nineteenth-Century Oregon, Hannah A. Reynolds
‘I Just Had To Do Most Everything’: Colonial Implications Of Settler Women’S Roles In Nineteenth-Century Oregon, Hannah A. Reynolds
Phi Alpha Theta Pacific Northwest Regional Conference
Molly Gloss’s 1987 novel, The Jump-Off Creek, is considered a classic work of literature on settler history in Oregon. Her depiction of the main character, Lydia Sanderson, is one of grit and generosity in the face of remarkable challenges. Having read accounts of women homesteaders in preparation for writing the book, Gloss addresses several of the themes that come out of historical studies of such women, such as the opportunity for them to own land and the resulting empowerment that they experienced. Perhaps inadvertently, she also recognizes that by doing so, they contributed to a larger system of structural violence …
Suppressing The Black Male Vote: Ronald Reagan And The War On Drugs, Caitlin Troyer
Suppressing The Black Male Vote: Ronald Reagan And The War On Drugs, Caitlin Troyer
Phi Alpha Theta Pacific Northwest Regional Conference
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine the ways in which the War on Drugs was wielded as a tool for political suppression, more specifically, how Ronald Reagan used the War on Drugs to suppress the African American male vote during his presidency, and thereafter. This paper focuses solely on the years 1982-1988. The study will consist of examining primary sources such as Ronald Reagan’s speeches and writings, bills passed during his presidency, demographics, and statistics of those incarcerated for drug use, as well as demographics of those who voted for Ronald Reagan. The study seeks to draw …
Pacification Gone Awry: The U.S Failure To Underpin Hearts And Minds In South Vietnam, 1966–1968, Simon Mai
Pacification Gone Awry: The U.S Failure To Underpin Hearts And Minds In South Vietnam, 1966–1968, Simon Mai
Phi Alpha Theta Pacific Northwest Regional Conference
Abstract: Throughout the escalation of American involvement in Vietnam from 1964 – 1968, one key strategy focused on pacification – the winning of the allegiance of South Vietnamese civilians to the Saigon-based Government of Vietnam (GVN). This paper will argue that American/GVN implementation of pacification programs at the provincial and village level revealed three fundamental factors that proved fatal and counterproductive. These factors were the political and social entrenchment of the Viet Cong or National Liberation Front (NLF), the provincial cronyism and corruption of GVN, and the indiscriminate application of American firepower in support of General William Westmoreland’s strategy of …
The Revival Of Termination: Fragmenting John Collier’S Bureau Of Indian Affairs, Jacob Taylor
The Revival Of Termination: Fragmenting John Collier’S Bureau Of Indian Affairs, Jacob Taylor
Phi Alpha Theta Pacific Northwest Regional Conference
Abstract: The Indian New Deal has been studied through two opposing lenses. Some historians attempt to paint John Collier, Bureau Commissioner under President Roosevelt, as a visionary who attempted to save Native American sovereignty while others denounce his legislation and time in office as ill-fated and corrupt. These two opposing views fail to illustrate the broader context of Collier’s BIA and do not provide an explanation for the ultimate failure of the Indian New Deal. Furthermore, they offer a largely monocausal explanation for the failure of the Indian New Deal. I argue that the BIA had been faltering for a …
The Voices Left Out: Women And The King-Crane Commission, Hana Cooper
The Voices Left Out: Women And The King-Crane Commission, Hana Cooper
Phi Alpha Theta Pacific Northwest Regional Conference
Abstract: My paper focuses on the King-Crane Commission, a group sent to the Middle East from the United States by Woodrow Wilson after the end of World War I. These men surveyed the population of the Ottoman Empire regarding their post-imperial land and political objectives, compiling their responses into a report known as the King-Crane Report; unfortunately, however, the report was suppressed upon the Commission’s return to the United States, not being published or even acknowledged by Wilson until after the mandate system had already been established in former Ottoman territory. While my larger thesis project argues that the entire …
The Cause And Effect Of Paramilitary Groups, Ryan Hill
The Cause And Effect Of Paramilitary Groups, Ryan Hill
Phi Alpha Theta Pacific Northwest Regional Conference
Abstract: In my paper, I talk about the reasons why paramilitary groups form while listing examples of groups for each factor. I go over items such as vigilantism and I bring up examples of groups in South Africa, such the People Against Gangsterism and Drugs who originally was a political group who staged protests and marches asking the police and government to do something about the gangs which were taking over the community. They later morphed in a vigilante group who began bombing and assassinating drug lords. Ideology is another item I bring up and I use the IRA as …
Days Of Decision: San Francisco’S 1960 House Un-American Activities Committee Protest As A Turning Point Of The New Left, Sophie Carter
Days Of Decision: San Francisco’S 1960 House Un-American Activities Committee Protest As A Turning Point Of The New Left, Sophie Carter
Phi Alpha Theta Pacific Northwest Regional Conference
After the degradation of union power throughout the McCarthy era, a new politics took hold among young Americans, and its academic roots and appeal to young leftists established the university as the new institutional mediator for left-wing radicalism in the 1960s, allowing college students to promote antiwar, civil rights, and civil liberties campaigns both on and off campus. Years before the major events that are tied to the New Left in American collective memory, however, Bay Area college students’ protests against the House Un-American Activities Commission garnered national media attention for their perceived radicalism in the face of the federal …
Allotrioemeis: Or, A Preposterous Preponderance Of Pins Produced, Strangely Doesburg
Allotrioemeis: Or, A Preposterous Preponderance Of Pins Produced, Strangely Doesburg
Phi Alpha Theta Pacific Northwest Regional Conference
Debellatus, the 1698 account of a witchcraft trial in Bargarren, Scotland, suggests new interpretations of witchcraft epidemiology. From late 1696 through 1697 a young girl named Christian Shaw experienced fits, visions, trances, and even levitation. More interesting, and decidedly the more tactile, was her tendency to demonstrate her affliction by vomiting various items: pins, straw, warm coals, balls of hair, and pieces of dung. Previous scholarship has dubbed this phenomena Allotriophagy, linking it to compulsive consumption conditions like Pica, seemingly overlooking their presence in contemporary Scottish medical literature. Furthermore, coincident accounts of stagecraft reveal numerous techniques were being practiced to …
Familiar Ecology: The Demonization Of Spirit Knowledge In Early Modern England And Its Ecological Ramifications, Ryan P. Mealiffe
Familiar Ecology: The Demonization Of Spirit Knowledge In Early Modern England And Its Ecological Ramifications, Ryan P. Mealiffe
Phi Alpha Theta Pacific Northwest Regional Conference
Abstract: During the English witch trials of the mid-sixteenth century to 1735, more was on trial than just the accused humans before the bar. Witch trials also threatened an entire mental landscape, the beings that inhabited it, and their relationships with both the accused and the general populace. This ecological ontology coalesced in the other party on trial: the intersectional helpers known as familiar spirits. Spirits animated the natural world, intermingled with flora and fauna, and impacted many aspects of everyday life, representing a keystone species in popular conceptions of nature in early modern England. The assumption of malevolence present …
A ‘Confessed’ Witch: Tituba And Salem Witchcraft, 1692–1693, Brooke Nicole Nicholson
A ‘Confessed’ Witch: Tituba And Salem Witchcraft, 1692–1693, Brooke Nicole Nicholson
Phi Alpha Theta Pacific Northwest Regional Conference
Abstract: The Salem Witch trials in seventeenth century New England focused on poor women who defied the social order of Puritans. One woman in Salem history who stood out among the women accused of the devil's bidding was Tituba. She was an enslaved servant in the household of Rev. Samuel Parris of Salem Village. She was accused of practicing voodoo due to her otherness stemming from her African or Indian descent. Accused of witchcraft, Tituba “confessed” to having practiced witchcraft and testified against others, leading to their condemnation and execution. In my essay, I will explore this question: Given Tituba’s …
Uranium Natives: Mining For The Cold War, Angela M. Wood
Uranium Natives: Mining For The Cold War, Angela M. Wood
Phi Alpha Theta Pacific Northwest Regional Conference
Abstract: During the Cold War the quest for plutonium to produce more bombs and beat the Soviets was the mission for the Department of Energy. There was constant fear of an atomic bomb being dropped on the U.S. The search for uranium was on. People who owned mines, however, were more concerned with production than they were with safety. Unfortunately, because most of the uranium was on Indian lands, one of the biggest casualties of the race were the native communities who especially didn't understand the nature of what they were working with. Due to their traditional relationship with the …
The Amungme And The Environment: Environmental Justice History And Consumerism, Kole A. Dawson
The Amungme And The Environment: Environmental Justice History And Consumerism, Kole A. Dawson
Phi Alpha Theta Pacific Northwest Regional Conference
The Amungme are one of hundreds of Papuan people groups who lived in the Indonesian province in New Guinea for thousands of years. This group subsisted in their environment by hunting, cultivation of small crops, and practicing pig husbandry. In the late 1960s, seeking foreign capital to boost the nation’s economy, the president of Indonesia signed a contract with Freeport McMoRan Copper and Gold. Freeport began mining in the early 1970s, eventually opening one of the world’s largest gold mines. Excavating sacred Amungme sites, Freeport’s massive pollution to the land and water destroyed the indigenous people’s environment both spiritually and …
Born And Bred In Blood: The Fall Of The Aztec Empire, Melina Arciniega
Born And Bred In Blood: The Fall Of The Aztec Empire, Melina Arciniega
Phi Alpha Theta Pacific Northwest Regional Conference
The fall of the Aztec Empire in 1521 was a surprising feat given the well-known, vast power, and fighting capabilities of the Aztec people. Many questions since then have arisen as to how such a mighty empire had so rapidly fallen. These theories hold implications that the Aztecs were victims to the incoming disease, famine, and domination inflicted by the Spanish conquistador, Hernan Cortes. Alongside these proposals I suggest that by examining archaeological and historical evidence, the Aztec traditional practices were also responsible for its society’s collapse. By identifying the significance of the human sacrifices, the cultural, political, and economical …
Charlemagne: Nuancing The Conventional Narrative, Rebecca Devereaux
Charlemagne: Nuancing The Conventional Narrative, Rebecca Devereaux
Phi Alpha Theta Pacific Northwest Regional Conference
Charlemagne, one of the most famous figures in Western history, continues to attract the attention of contemporary scholars. Historian Chris Wickham argues in his book Medieval Europe, somewhat conventionally, that Charlemagne’s leadership should primarily be seen through his military efforts. However, historian Janet Nelson in her recent biography, King and Emperor: A New Life of Charlemagne, published in 2019 reveals a much more complex picture of Charlemagne that places much more emphasis on his Christian worldview and its impact on his life. My paper illustrates the challenge of writing a synthetic overview of such a large subject as Medieval Europe. …
Plague And Progress: An Analysis Of Giovanni Boccaccio’S Decameron And Reform During The Initial Outbreak Of The Black Death, Ben Hecko
Phi Alpha Theta Pacific Northwest Regional Conference
Giovanni Boccaccio’s Decameron is a collection of one hundred stories told by a group of people during the initial outbreak of the Black Death in Italy in 1348. Though the work has been interpreted as an escapist piece, this limits its overall value. Through the inclusion of the frame that surrounds the fictional tales, Boccaccio establishes the importance of the plague to the meaning of the work as a whole. Many of the stories that Boccaccio tells attack the immorality of those in positions of authority. These critiques provide a social commentary that addresses the failures of his society and …
The Watchman: Charles Chauncy’S Defense Of The New England Clerical Establishment During The Great Awakening, Sydney E. Rue
The Watchman: Charles Chauncy’S Defense Of The New England Clerical Establishment During The Great Awakening, Sydney E. Rue
Phi Alpha Theta Pacific Northwest Regional Conference
The Great Awakening sparked social and religious controversies throughout the thirteen colonies. By 1740, two religious fractions had emerged, the New Lights and the Old Lights. As the Awakening grew in popularity, George Whitefield led gaggles of itinerant preachers and lay exhorters onto the streets, thus destabilizing the traditional parish structure. In a last-ditch effort to combat the growing influence of the New Lights, Charles Chauncy burst on to the scene with Seasonable Thoughts on the State of Religion in New England (1743). This research examines Seasonable Thoughts and how Chauncy’s book responded to societal pressures and attempted to change …
Changes In The Relationship Between The Horus And Seth: Settling The Score, Gabrielle Goodwin
Changes In The Relationship Between The Horus And Seth: Settling The Score, Gabrielle Goodwin
Phi Alpha Theta Pacific Northwest Regional Conference
As can be seen in Ancient Egyptian mythology, the gods Horus and Set had a rocky relationship that was most often represented as bitter rivalry. They both contended for the throne left empty by Osiris after his death with Horus eventually emerging victorious. Rather than remaining static in narrative and character, this is a story consistently tweaked across the fabric of Ancient Egyptian history. The Horus and Set of the Archaic Period are very different gods from the Horus and Set of the Late Period though the base story remains the same. By looking at the material and visual culture …
After Aidan: Irish Peregrini And English Ethnogenesis From Aldhelm To Boniface, Jonathan R. Hayes
After Aidan: Irish Peregrini And English Ethnogenesis From Aldhelm To Boniface, Jonathan R. Hayes
Phi Alpha Theta Pacific Northwest Regional Conference
The last several decades have seen tremendous interest among Anglo-Saxonists in the points of contact and influence between Irish and Anglo-Saxon clergymen in the seventh and eighth centuries. Yet there has not been a comprehensive synthesis to capture this phenomenon. The present study seeks to consolidate and extend knowledge of Irish-English interactions from Aldhelm to the time of Boniface. Particular attention is given to the Irish practice of peregrinatio pro Christo as a nexus of English fascination. The lasting consequences of these contacts are evaluated, and it is proposed that the concept of the “Angli” as an ecclesiastical and transregional …
Practical Anarchism: The Makhnovist Movement In The Ukraine, 1917–1921, Zion G. Flores
Practical Anarchism: The Makhnovist Movement In The Ukraine, 1917–1921, Zion G. Flores
Phi Alpha Theta Pacific Northwest Regional Conference
Anarchism was one of the most prominent revolutionary left-wing movements in 19th and 20th century Europe, even contending as a philosophy with Marxism in many socialist circles. However, anarchism is generally believed today to be unrealistic and impractical as a political ideology. When looking at the modern historical record though, this does not always seem to be the case. I plan to explore whether the Makhnovist movement in the Ukraine from 1917-1921 provides an exception to the idea that anarchist movements are never viable. This movement, guided in large part by anarcho-communist Nestor Makhno, was one of the first to …
The Klondike Gold Rush And The Dead Horse Trail, Brian O'Riley
The Klondike Gold Rush And The Dead Horse Trail, Brian O'Riley
Phi Alpha Theta Pacific Northwest Regional Conference
Abstract: The Klondike Gold Rush is known in part for the hardships that men and women faced as they travelled the trails to Dawson City in the Yukon. One of the lesser-known aspects of this event is the tragedy that befell thousands of horses that were killed on the Chilkoot and White Pass Trails. The White pass trail would be given the moniker “The Dead Horse Trail.” With so many men trying to get thousands of pounds of goods over the mountain passes from the Alaskan seacoast towns of Skagway and Dyea, pack animals were crucial for the task. However, …
The Holodomor: The Trickle-Down Effect Of Political And Economic Choices, Patricia A. Mcmanigal
The Holodomor: The Trickle-Down Effect Of Political And Economic Choices, Patricia A. Mcmanigal
Phi Alpha Theta Pacific Northwest Regional Conference
Abstract: The choices made by political leaders do not merely affect those that hold office, rather there is a trickle-down effect that touches every life within their nation. The event known as the Holodomor was a Ukrainian famine during the 1930s. Stalin’s decisions were based upon impressions created during the Russian famine in the 1920s under Lenin’s leadership. Previous research supports the widely agreed upon determination that the famine was not a side effect of natural causes, but rather the direct result of Stalin’s collectivism. Furthermore, the U.N. declared the event to be genocide and not due to poorly directed …
The 'English Bath': English Sweating Sickness And The 1529 Continental Outbreak, Anika Esther Martin
The 'English Bath': English Sweating Sickness And The 1529 Continental Outbreak, Anika Esther Martin
Phi Alpha Theta Pacific Northwest Regional Conference
Abstract: Sudor Anglicus, or "English Sweating Sickness," was a peculiar disease which afflicted England during the Tudor period. First appearing in the late summer of 1485, Sweating Sickness quickly proved itself to be a terrifying killer. Those who contracted the Sweat were struck ill suddenly, often died within the first twenty-four hours, and suffered from a host of symptoms, the most visible of which being a raging fever and oppressive sweat. Between 1485 and 1551, five major outbreaks of the disease wracked the country, attracting the worried attention of those beyond England. In 1529, those anxieties were realized when a …
Religious Language And The American Presidency, Shinjin Lee
Religious Language And The American Presidency, Shinjin Lee
Phi Alpha Theta Pacific Northwest Regional Conference
Abstract: The United States is not a theocratic county, yet the importance of, and the emphasis on, religion are a quintessential part of understanding American politics and society. This paper explores the way former presidents of the United States treated and spoke of religion(s) has changed during the history of the nation. In order to discover the role and impact of religion in American history I will analyze a selection of various types of writings of the presidents such as formal letters to Congress or the American people, inauguration remarks, official statements, and other speeches from as early as George …
Sicut Regale: An Analysis Of The Sovereignty And Rule Of The Welsh Marcher Lords, Luke Lambert
Sicut Regale: An Analysis Of The Sovereignty And Rule Of The Welsh Marcher Lords, Luke Lambert
Phi Alpha Theta Pacific Northwest Regional Conference
The Welsh kingdoms originally retained their independence after the Norman conquest of England in 1066, but most Normans given fiefs along the Welsh borders gradually expanded into Wales. The result of this ambition was the Marcher Lordships. Warfare was commonplace and lasted until the last Welsh prince was subdued in 1282. Due to the importance of their defensive roles, Marcher lords received or seized authority generally reserved for the crown elsewhere in the realm. They presided over court cases and had their own law codes, often a mix of Norman and native Welsh law codes. Most Marcher Lords commanded sizeable …
The Significance Of Oomoto: Why Imperialization Of Japan Led To An Alternative Religion, Chancellor T. Jenniges
The Significance Of Oomoto: Why Imperialization Of Japan Led To An Alternative Religion, Chancellor T. Jenniges
Phi Alpha Theta Pacific Northwest Regional Conference
Abstract: In 1852 Admiral Matthew Perry led an American fleet to Japan and persuaded the Japanese to modernize. Fearful of being colonized by the West, like the Chinese, the Japanese moved to westernize their own economy and society. As a result, they outlawed many historic customs. Japan began to westernize their customs and define religion. Three categories were established, religion, non-religion, and superstition. Any ideology or practice that no longer benefited their goals of westernization was deemed superstitious and removed from the narrative. However, these developments met opposition. One such opponent, Ueda Kisaburō, created an alternative religion called Oomoto in …
Cursing In Medieval England: ‘By God’S Bones’ And Other Obscenities And Expletives, Mary Sweeney
Cursing In Medieval England: ‘By God’S Bones’ And Other Obscenities And Expletives, Mary Sweeney
Phi Alpha Theta Pacific Northwest Regional Conference
Abstract: Many scholars who study letters, drama, and literature from late medieval and early modern England focus on political and social content, but recently linguists study this material using linguistics. For example, Melissa Mohr’s work on cursing has opened up new avenues of study. As useful as this is, it only takes up a small slice of English life and the usage of swear words. My research into the letters of elite and gentry men and women such as the Cely and Paston families, reveals how language both establishes social solidarity and disrupts it. I ask why these words were …
The Manifestation Of Total War In The Mexican Revolution, Craig J. Verniest
The Manifestation Of Total War In The Mexican Revolution, Craig J. Verniest
Phi Alpha Theta Pacific Northwest Regional Conference
Abstract: The concept of total war is typically conceived of as the entirety of a nation’s or other belligerent’s resources and the spheres of non-combatant, civilian-centered life being drawn into the conflict. Total war also includes the methods of warfare being conducted with the intent of exhibiting complete destruction on an enemy’s forces and moral. Although total war in the Mexican Revolution is not typically, if ever, discussed in its historiography, I am arguing that the Mexican Revolution exhibited implementation of total war in its warfare, and therefore should be discussed in its historiography to similar degrees as that of …
Elmore V. Rice Et Al.: The Court Case That Defies A Narrative, Gerrit Sterk
Elmore V. Rice Et Al.: The Court Case That Defies A Narrative, Gerrit Sterk
Phi Alpha Theta Pacific Northwest Regional Conference
Studying and explaining Elmore v. Rice et al., a voting rights case that took place in 1947 in Columbia, South Carolina, provides an opportunity to enrich a new development in the historiography of the Civil Rights Movement. How this case was supported by Thurgood Marshall and the NAACP has been studied, but how it and similar early grassroots actions contributed to what some historians are now calling “the long civil rights movement” has not, one that began long before the Brown decision of 1954. Additionally, how this case emerged out of the grassroots political culture of Waverly, a middle-class Black …
Parody, Performance, And Conspiracy In Early Eighteenth-Century France: The Subversive Court Of Louise Bénédicte De Bourbon, Daughter-In-Law Of The Sun King (1700–1718), Jordan Hallmark
Phi Alpha Theta Pacific Northwest Regional Conference
This paper examines how the French princess Louise Bénédicte de Bourbon, duchesse du Maine (1676–1753), the wife of Louis XIV’s illegitimate son, the duc du Maine, established an exclusive court at her château de Sceaux beginning in the year 1700 that challenged the centralized cultural system of the French monarchical state. Located twenty kilometers away from the rigid and controlling political center of Versailles, the court of the duchesse du Maine subverted social norms by inventing and performing parodies of court protocols, chivalric orders, emblems, and other forms of monarchical imagery. In a time and place where women were both …