History Commons^™

American Studies Institute Washington D.C. Trip, Meghan Mcelroy

Tenor of Our Times

No abstract provided.

Memorial Craze: How War Memorials Have Been Changed By War, Jillian Bass

War, Diplomacy, and Society (MA) Theses

This thesis project argues that memorials constructed after 9/11 were designed specifically in a way that privileged and focused on the dead individually. By taking a look at memorials throughout American history, the study of memorialization sets up the stage for the way the lives of ordinary people have been memorialized throughout history. 9/11 is one of the most memorable days in the history of the world in the 21st century. However, the academic world has generally ignored the study of war memorials throughout American history as a subset of memorials. Chronicling memorials from the Civil War period to present …

Asi Trip To Washington D.C., Elijah Fisher

Tenor of Our Times

Special Report of the ASI Trip to Washington D.C.

History, Nationalism, And Public Opinion: The Memorialization Of George Mason, Kasandra Fager

Honors Projects

The George Mason Memorial , built on the National Mall in 2002, captures the accomplishments of George Mason, a Founding Father, author of the Virginia Declaration of Rights, and he refused to sign the U.S. Constitution. Identifying Mason's history and exploring the motivations and struggles of the creation of the memorial opens a conversation for public opinion regarding the memorial's physical manifestation. The height of the Jefferson Memorial, the height of the George Washington obelisk, and the beauty of the Lincoln Memorial is seen as a testament of their god-like status in American history. So, where does this leave Mason’s …

1917-1921 Diary, Marie Ahnighito Peary

Diaries and Notebooks

"A Line A Day" diary that Marie Ahnighito Peary wrote in, between 1917 and 1921, with the bulk of the entries from 1918-1921. During this busy time in her life, she married Ted (Edward Stafford), gave birth to two sons - Junior (Edward Stafford, Jr.) and Buddy (Peary Diebitsch Stafford), and lost her father (Admiral Robert E. Peary). The diary chronicles her daily life for those 4-5 years, as well as brief mentions of newsworthy world events, including the 1918 flu pandemic and World War I.

Her diary includes the following people and places:

• Mother - her mother, Josephine Peary …

Illusions Of Grandeurs: Washingtonian Architecture As Seen By White And Black People Of The Early Nineteenth Century, Lillian D. Shea

Student Publications

In the early nineteenth century, George Washington and Thomas Jefferson built a classically inspired capital designed to legitimize American republican ideals. White interpretations of the architecture gradually aligned more with the founders’ intentions, especially following its reconstruction after the 1814 conflagration. Enslaved and free black observers recognized their exclusion from the message of freedom and equality. Rather than finding their identity through federal buildings, they established their communities within churches, houses, and businesses owned by black people. The varied reactions to Washington’s and Jefferson’s designs demonstrated how the aesthetic idealization of republicanism revealed incongruities in the new capital.

The National Intelligencer Validating Cowardice: How A Washington D.C. Newspaper Redefined Defeat Into Republican Victory, Wesley C. Cline

Student Publications

The fall and burning of Washington D.C. without substantial resistance by the American army and militia was initially an obvious disgrace, however the widely read Washington based newspaper, The National Intelligencer, sought to rewrite this story of defeat into a narrative highlighting republican virtue. Utilizing preexisting stereotypes perpetuated in their paper of British soldiers acting immoral, the staff of The National Intelligencer articulated that the men defending Washington had to return to their individual homes on account of the impending barbarism and savagery of the British invaders, therefore vindicating the militiamen of their lack of resistance and praising their virtuous …

Mary Todd Lincoln: Influence And Impact On The Civil War In The White House, Selena Marie St. Andre

Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019

Long before President Lincoln’s death in 1865, his wife, Mary Lincoln, was regarded as an insane woman with a terrible spending problem and little regard for the Civil War. Mrs. Lincoln, in fact, was essential to Lincoln’s successful presidency and ability to keep the Union together. This thesis seeks to understand Mary in a different light than history has. As a young girl, Mary strongly believed that she was destined for greatness and would have a powerful husband beside her. By further understanding her unbound ambitions, her love of the finer things in life, and the good works that she …

Vance, Edward Richard, 1833-1902 (Mss 612), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

MSS Finding Aids

Finding aid only for Manuscripts Collection 612. Correspondence, diaries, scrapbooks, photographs and family papers of Richard Vance, a Warren County, Kentucky native and U.S. Army officer. After his Civil War service, Vance spent his career at several posts in the South and on the frontier until his retirement in 1892.

Stonewall On The Potomac: Gay Political Activism In Washington, Dc, 1961-1973, Peter Bonds

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

The first organized demonstration on behalf of gay rights in the United States occurred in front of the White House on April 16, 1965. Six years later, Dr. Franklin E. Kameny became the first openly gay American to run for a seat in the United States Congress when he launched his campaign to become Washington’s delegate to the House of Representatives in February 1971. The following year, Washington’s school board voted to include sexual orientation alongside gender and race as a protected category in its non-discrimination employment policy. This victory for gay Washingtonians was expanded on in 1973, when Washington’s …

A Plea For Freedom: Enslaved Independence Through Petitions For Freedom In Washington D.C. Between 1810 And 1830, Trevor J. Shalon

Department of History: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Between 1810 and 1830, over 190 petitions for freedom by African Americans went through the District Court of Washington D.C. The free African American community which had emerged following the American Revolution had been restricted in the beginning of the nineteenth century and the rights granted to free and enslaved African Americans were retracted. The methods by which enslaved African Americans had used to obtain their freedom were eliminated and more innovative methods would needed in order to continue the expansion of the free community.

As the nineteenth century progressed, as other methods were eliminated, the number of petitions issued …

"Sit Down Together At A Table Of Brotherhood": Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial, John M. Rudy

Interpreting the Civil War: Connecting the Civil War to the American Public

As we walked along the tidal basin back toward the Smithsonian Metro Station, I began to cry. Just a few tears, here and there, welled in my eyes. It wasn't the monument or the quotes. It wasn't the deep feelings I had looking at his face. It was overhearing a simple conversation. Two 30-something black women in a group of tourists were talking to one another about photos.

"You need to get your picture taken, girl," one asks the other.

"Why?" she responds, "I've got plenty of pictures."

"To prove you were here," the first woman responds. [excerpt]

Bert Dutil: Washington D.C. Trip 1998, Bertrand A. Dutil

Scrapbooks

Photographs, postcards, brochures, and other mementos

Black Immigrant Community Of Washington, D.C.: A Public History Approach, Portia James

Trotter Review

In the Washington, D.C. area contemporary Black community life has been shaped in large part by a pattern of migration and settlement of African Americans from southern states. But international immigration has also made its mark on the local Black community. Today, Washington and its suburbs in Virginia and Maryland are home to significant populations of Black people from Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean. This international movement of people has resulted in the broadening of Black community life and the development of a multicultural and multi-ethnic Black population in the area.

The Grizzly, October 10, 1986, Joseph F. Pirro, Angela M. Salas, Annmarie Young, Richard P. Richter, Kevin Adams, Tom Brown, Bill Connolly, Jill Theurer, Vince Leskusky, Dean Lent, Andy Standeven, Dan Ely

Ursinus College Grizzly Newspaper, 1978 to Present

POD / LCB Dysfunction • Salinger Files Suit • Trials Near End on the Trail to Sisterhood • Letters: Milking Them for Their Money; Airing Dirty Laundry; We Value our Pledges • Ursinus Lends Itself to Powerful Homecoming Pull • Musser on the Move: a Resident's Recollection • Hooking That Big 12 Incher • Grizzlies Gain Respect in Heartbreaking 30-25 Loss • Bear Booters Losing Games and Players • Lady Bears Suffer Their First Shutout Then Beat Lafayette in OT • Impressive Performances Power X-Country to 2-0 • NCAA Champs Honored at Homecoming Dinner • Athlete of the Week: Runner …

The Ursinus Weekly, October 3, 1974, Cynthia Fitzgerald, Judith James, Ruth Von Kummer, Richard E. Hankison, Richard Whaley, Marilyn Harsch, J. Timothy Clemens, Kate Swanson, Robert A. Searles, George Geist, Melissa Magee

Ursinus Weekly Newspaper, 1902-1978

Statistics prove rumor unfounded • WRUC FM hits the air • New chaplain brings new ideas to U.C. • Musical forum presented by Mme. Agi Jambor • Dr. Williamson authors new study of Corinthians • Editorial • Pages from Ursinus past • Alumni corner: Assurance to insurance • Summer in the city • Letter from London • S.F.A.R.C. and you • Assistant Deans of Men and Women appointed • Festival help needed • Slow boat to China • Harriers sweep Drew and Eastern • The Spirit of the 76ers • Women's hockey season opens • Why Bears?

Telegram From Senator Langer To Patrick Gourneau Stating That Langer Is Helping In Every Way Possible, April 25, 1956, William Langer

William Langer Papers

This telegram dated April 25, 1956, from United States Senator William Langer to Patrick Gourneau of Turtle Mountain, responds to Gourneau's telegram and says that Langer is helping in every way possible.

A handwritten note at the top of the letter reads, "Cross, Martin."

See also:

Telegram from Patrick Gourneau to Senator Langer Requesting that Langer Assist Martin Cross on His Present Mission in Washington, D.C., April 24, 1956

Telegram From Patrick Gourneau To Senator Langer Requesting That Langer Assist Martin Cross On His Present Mission In Washington, D.C., April 24, 1956, Patrick Gourneau

William Langer Papers

This telegraph dated April 24, 1956, from Patrick Gourneau of Turtle Mountain to United States Senator William Langer, asks Langer to assist Three Affiliated Tribes Tribal Chairperson Martin Cross on his present mission in Washington, D.C.

There are some shorthand notes on the telegram.

See also:

Telegram from Senator Langer to Patrick Gourneau Stating that Langer is Helping in Every Way Possible, April 25, 1956

Telegram from Patrick Gourneau to Representative Burdick Asking that Burdick Support Martin Cross, April 24, 1956

Letter From Senator Langer To Martin Cross Acknowledging February 16 Telegram, February 21, 1955, William Langer

William Langer Papers

This letter dated February 21, 1955, from United States Senator William Langer to Three Affiliated Tribes Tribal Chairperson Martin Cross, thanks him for his telegram of February 16th regarding the delegation in Washington D.C. consisting of Carl Whitman, Jr. an Ben J. Young Bird.

There are some handwritten notes on the letter.

See also:

Telegram from Martin Cross to Senator Langer Informing that the Delegation Headed to Washington, D.C. Do Not Represent the Tribal Council, February 16, 1955

Letter From Senator Langer To Anson Baker Regarding Per-Capita Payment Plan, May 25, 1954, William Langer

William Langer Papers

This letter dated May 25, 1954, from United States Senator William Langer to Anson A. Baker of Rosebud, South Dakota, thanks Baker for his recent letter regarding the per-capita payments plan that is currently in Washington, D.C. Langer notes that Three Affiliated Tribes Tribal Chairperson Martin Cross is representing the tribes, and Langer says that he will do what he can to assist Cross.

A handwritten note on the letter reads, "Cross, Martin."

Telegram From Senator Langer To Patrick Gourneau Letting Him Know That Martin Cross Arrived In Washington And Langer Will Help Him Every Way Possible, May 21, 1954, William Langer

William Langer Papers

This telegram dated May 21, 1954, from United States Senator William Langer to Turtle Mountain Advisory Committee Chairperson Patrick Gourneau, lets Gourneau know that Martin Cross has arrived (presumably in Washington, D.C.) and that Langer will help in every way possible.

There are some handwritten notes on the telegram.

See also:

Telegram from Patrick Gourneau to Senator Langer Requesting Langer Assist Martin Cross on his Mission in Washington, D.C., May 19, 1954

Telegram From Senator Langer To Ernest Smith Assuring Smith That Langer Will Do Everything Possible To Assist Martin Cross, May 20, 1954, William Langer

William Langer Papers

This telegram dated May 20, 1954, from United States Senator William Langer to Chairperson Ernest H. Smith of the Devil's Lake Sioux Tribe Council, is a reply wherein Langer tells Smith that he will do whatever he can for Three Affiliated Tribes Tribal Chairperson Martin Cross.

There are some handwritten notes on the telegram.

Telegram From Patrick Gourneau To Senator Langer Requesting Langer Assist Martin Cross On His Mission In Washington, D.C., May 19, 1954, Patrick Gourneau

William Langer Papers

This telegram dated May 19, 1954, from Turtle Mountain Advisory Committee Chairperson Patrick Gourneau to United States Senator William Langer, asks Langer to support Three Affiliated Tribes Tribal Chairperson Martin Cross in every way possible "on his mission there" which is likely a reference to a trip to Washington, D.C..

There are some shorthand notes on the telegram.

See also:

Telegram from Senator Langer to Patrick Gourneau Letting him Know that Martin Cross Arrived in Washington and Langer will Help him Every Way Possible, May 21, 1954

Letter From Senator Langer To Justin Spotted Bear Regarding A Per Diem For Tribal Delegates Visiting Washington, May 3, 1952, William Langer

William Langer Papers

This letter dated May 3, 1952, from United States (US) Senator William Langer to Chairperson Justin Spotted Bear, encloses a report from the US Bureau of Indian Affairs regarding a $20 per diem for tribal delegates while they are in Washington, D.C. The report from the US Bureau of Indian Affairs is not included with this document. Langer says that he was happy to obtain this information.

There are some handwritten annotations on the letter including "Cross, Martin" and "CR--Fox, Martin."

Letter From Senator Langer To Martin Cross Apologizing For Not Being Able To Visit Earlier In The Month, April 25, 1952, William Langer

William Langer Papers

This letter dated April 25, 1952, from United States Senator William Langer to Three Affiliated Tribes Tribal Chairperson Martin Cross, offers an apology that Langer didn't get a chance to visit Cross and friends when they were in Washington D.C. earlier in the month. Langer offers his best wishes.

Handwritten notes on the letter read, "Cross, Martin" and "CR-Wells, Ralph."

Letter From Senator Langer To Martin Cross Indicating That Langer Was Not In Washington, D.C. When Members Of The Three Affiliated Tribes Tribal Council Were In Washington, July 8, 1950, William Langer

William Langer Papers

This letter dated July 8, 1950, from United States Senator William Langer to Three Affiliated Tribes member Martin Cross, thanks Cross for his letter and informs Cross that Langer was not in Washington, D.C. when members of the Three Affiliated Tribes Tribal Council were in Washington.

This letter contains some handwritten annotations, including "Cross, Martin" at the top.

Letter From Senator Langer To Martin Cross Regarding Senate Bill 3587 And House Resolution 8411, July 6, 1950, William Langer

William Langer Papers

This letter dated July 6, 1950, from United States (US) Senator William Langer to Three Affiliated Tribes member Martin Cross, provides Cross with an update on US Senate Bill 3587 (S. 3587) and US House Resolution 8411 (H.R. 8411). Langer informs Cross that the US Senate and House Committees are waiting on reports from the US Department of the Interior. Langer notes that he's attempting to arrange hearings for these bills on consecutive days so that Cross may come to Washington, D.C. and attend both. Langer says that he will keep Cross updated.

The letter includes some handwritten annotations, including …

Letter From Senator Langer To Martin Cross Regarding Recent Decisions Of The Three Affiliated Tribes Tribal Council, December 13, 1948, William Langer

William Langer Papers

This letter dated December 13, 1948, from United States Senator William Langer to Three Affiliated Tribes member Martin Cross, thanks Cross for his recent letter and for the news on the recent decisions of the Three Affiliated Tribes Tribal Council.

Handwritten notes on the letter include, "See-Indians" and "Cross, Martin T."

See also:

Letter from Martin Cross to Senator Langer Regarding Tribal Council in Washington Working on Garrison Dam Contract, December 8, 1948

Letter from Martin Cross to Senator Langer Enclosing a Report from the Tribal Council on their Report to Washington and House Joint Resolution 33, January 13, 1949

Letter From Senator Langer To Martin Cross Regarding Garrison Dam, February 7, 1947, William Langer

William Langer Papers

This letter dated February 7, 1947, from United States Senator William Langer to Three Affiliated Tribes member Martin Cross, thanks Cross for his recent letter and says that the Fort Berthold delegates in Washington have been working hard to get everybody a "square deal." Langer says he will continue working to help solve the problem. A hand-written note on the letter says, "Garrison Dam."

See also: Letter from Martin Cross to Senator Langer Regarding Garrison Dam, January 31, 1947

Letter From Senator Langer To John Hamilton Acknowledging Letter Of May 29 And Will Reply Soon, June 7, 1946, William Langer

William Langer Papers

This letter dated May 29, 1946, from United States Senator William Langer to John Hamilton, President of the American Indian Defense Association Inc., acknowledges Hamilton's May 29th letter and states that Langer will reply around July 1st when he returns to Washington, D.C. from North Dakota.

See also:

Letter from John Hamilton to Senator Langer Regarding Navajo Tribe, Letters from Martin Cross, and US House Resolution 4386, May 29, 1946