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Articles 1 - 30 of 103
Full-Text Articles in History
"Most Catholic Spain": British Evangelical Protestant Views Of The Spanish Civil War And Its Legacy, Chloe Kinderman
"Most Catholic Spain": British Evangelical Protestant Views Of The Spanish Civil War And Its Legacy, Chloe Kinderman
Undergraduate Honors Theses
"Most Catholic Spain": British Evangelical Protestant Views of the Spanish Civil War and its Legacy presents a case study of The Churchman’s Magazine and Wickliffe Preachers’ Messenger (CMWPM), a publication of the Protestant Truth Society, between 1930 and 1945. The Protestant Truth Society was a British Evangelical organization that was dedicated to opposing the influence of Catholicism within Britain. This thesis explores how the CMWPM discussed Spain during the interwar and World War II period, especially its coverage of the Second Spanish Republic, the Spanish Civil War, and the early Franco Regime. Ultimately, the CMWPM latched on to Spain as …
Desertion And Discontent In The East German Border Police, 1948-1959, Rose Shafer
Desertion And Discontent In The East German Border Police, 1948-1959, Rose Shafer
Undergraduate Honors Theses
The East German Border Police (Deutsche Grenzpolizei) was the organization responsible for patrolling the borders of the German Democratic Republic from its creation in 1946 until its transformation into the Border Troops of the GDR (Grenztruppen der DDR) and reorganization as part of the National People's Army (Nationale Volksarmee) in 1961. The organization had the dual task of preventing "Republikflucht," the illegal migration of East German citizens to West Germany, and acting as the first line of defense in the case of an attack from West German forces. The ruling Sociality Unity Party of Germany ( …
“Due To The Tender And Close Relationship”: The Italian Inquisition’S Investigations Of Jews And Christians In The Sixteenth Century, Jacob Schapiro
“Due To The Tender And Close Relationship”: The Italian Inquisition’S Investigations Of Jews And Christians In The Sixteenth Century, Jacob Schapiro
Undergraduate Honors Theses
This thesis looks at the Italian Inquisition’s treatment of Jews and those suspected of being Jews and thus sits at the intersection of two different historical subfields: Jewish studies and Inquisition studies. Each subfield is broad but overlaps with the other. I analyze six Inquisition cases—four from Venice and two from Florence—and recount the original accusations, before delving into the likely circumstances of the people involved, based on witness testimony. By looking at these cases, I show how blurred religious identity could be, as people adopted the guise of one faith and then another, depending on the time and place. …
“The History Of Our History”: The Preservation And Development Of The College Of William & Mary’S Wren Building As An Historic Site, Katie Moniz
Undergraduate Honors Theses
The Wren Building has been the core of the College of William & Mary for as long as it has operated. The history of the building is inseparable from that of the College. The traditions, politics, relationships, and events that make up the history of William & Mary have played out within the walls of the Wren Building—the tangible testimony of the College that has existed since the seventeenth century. For the William & Mary community, to understand the history of the Wren Building is also to understand its own identity. As such, examining the evolution of the conceptualization, preservation, …
Shaping Western Views Of Homosexuality In 20th Century Europe Through Community, Sarah Palluconi
Shaping Western Views Of Homosexuality In 20th Century Europe Through Community, Sarah Palluconi
Undergraduate Honors Theses
This thesis will discuss a community of transnational sexual reformers and their influence on public and private views of homosexuality between the 1890s to the 1930s. This community of sexual reformers had ties to the World League for Sexual Reform (WLSR), an international organization that operated from 1928 to 1935. The WLSR discussed birth control, sexual education, prostitution, venereal disease, and, of course, homosexuality in terms of the law and society. By analyzing the few leading figures who studied homosexuality and sexology at the beginning of the 20th century, I have found that the correspondence and discussion of homosexuality …
Theology And Revolution?: Negotiating Heritage In Gerhard Brendler’S Biography Of Martin Luther, Terence Flannery
Theology And Revolution?: Negotiating Heritage In Gerhard Brendler’S Biography Of Martin Luther, Terence Flannery
Undergraduate Honors Theses
The historiography on Martin Luther in the German Democratic Republic was a complex and fluid process of heritage building with direct influence on how the state positioned itself [TB1] in relation to the church. Martin Luther is a monumental figure in German history and has figured prominently in the construction of German national identity. When the GDR sought to build a socialist society after the Second World War, many existing aspects of Lutheran identity in the areas that now made up the GDR, had to be renegotiated due to their direct conflict with socialist principles. The East German state sidelined …
Pompeiian Mill-Bakeries: Spatial Organization And Social Interaction, Madeleine Rubin
Pompeiian Mill-Bakeries: Spatial Organization And Social Interaction, Madeleine Rubin
Undergraduate Honors Theses
This thesis examines bread production and the daily lives of those who worked in mill-bakeries during the first century CE. Bread was the staple food across the ancient Mediterranean; however, there is little textual evidence about those who produced the bread that fed the Roman Empire. The most significant body of evidence relating to the lives of mill-bakers is the archaeological remains of mill-bakeries from the city of Pompeii, preserved by the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in 79 CE. This thesis analyzes the spatial organization of bread production within these mill-bakeries and applies the methodologies of spatial syntax – a …
"Agent Orange Is Our Nemesis": The Blue Water Navy Veterans' Battle For Dioxin Compensation Amidst The Ongoing Vietnam War, Molly Parks
Undergraduate Honors Theses
This thesis examines the use of Agent Orange in the Vietnam War and its effects on American Blue Water Navy veterans amidst their battle for presumptive service connection to Agent Orange exposure. The first chapter studies the history of the American decision to use Agent Orange, placing this history in the broader context of the Vietnam War. It argues that as long as Agent Orange and its health consequences persist among its victims without proper compensation, the Vietnam War is an ongoing conflict. The second chapter is a focused study on the Blue Water Navy veterans’ battle for a presumptive …
Breaking And Setting The Pattern: European Influences On Early Catalan Nationalism, Gabriel Black-Planas
Breaking And Setting The Pattern: European Influences On Early Catalan Nationalism, Gabriel Black-Planas
Undergraduate Honors Theses
During the development of the Catalan nationalist political tradition between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, early Catalanist thinkers drew heavily from the examples of their European and American contemporaries. As Catalonia developed an industrial base and began celebrating its linguistic and cultural heritage during the nineteenth century, it increasingly looked outwards. Seeing themselves as more European than Spanish, Catalanist desperately wished to modernize their region and nation. To this end, Catalanists developed a very specific and Eurocentric standard for civilizations that they thought critical for national development. This work traces the development of this model, what it entailed, how it …
The People's House?: Countermajoritarianism In The House Of Representatives, Andrew Hoffman
The People's House?: Countermajoritarianism In The House Of Representatives, Andrew Hoffman
Undergraduate Honors Theses
This is the first study of countermajoritarianism in the House of Representatives. Although the House is considered a majoritarian institution, intrastate malapportionment remained rampant prior to the 1964 Wesberry decision; the three-fifths clause drove systematic antebellum differences in the number of free people in northern and southern House districts; and widespread voter discrimination in the South led to systematically different levels of turnout. Combined, these factors potentialized roll calls in which the chamber’s majority did not actually represent more free individuals, voters, or electoral supporters than the minority. Using three separate measures, I characterize such outcomes as countermajoritarian. I find …
The Power Of Portrayal: How The U.S. Media Portrayed The Doolittle Raid To The American Public, James Noah Seip
The Power Of Portrayal: How The U.S. Media Portrayed The Doolittle Raid To The American Public, James Noah Seip
Undergraduate Honors Theses
On April 18, 1942, Americans woke up to the thrilling news that American airmen had bombed the enemy capital of Tokyo, Japan. Americans all across the country were made aware of the bombing of Japan by multiple media sources at the time including newspapers, propaganda posters, newsreels, and movies. The ways in which these media outlets portrayed the American bombing of Japan would directly impact the perception of American citizens regarding the event. The bombing, eventually termed the Doolittle Raid after the general who led the mission, James Doolittle, immediately became a source of American propaganda for the U.S. media.
To Have Sex Or Not To Have Sex: An Exploration Of Medieval Christian And Jewish Sexual Values, Rachel Zaslavsky
To Have Sex Or Not To Have Sex: An Exploration Of Medieval Christian And Jewish Sexual Values, Rachel Zaslavsky
Undergraduate Honors Theses
This thesis is an exploration of Medieval Jewish and Christian conceptions of sex and aims to challenge the notion of Judeo-Christian values. Medieval Judaism and Christianity are at odds with each other in their understandings of sexuality. By considering Judaism, the belief that medieval religion was averse to sexuality and sexual pleasure is disproven. An analysis of religious works, such as those produced by Christian theologians and Jewish rabbis, yields the following conclusion: medieval Christianity restricted sex on the basis of abstinence, while medieval Judaism restricted sex on the basis of ritual impurity but mandated sex for procreation and female …
Peace Discourse In Postwar Japan: Emergence, Continuity, And Transformation, Xiuyu Li
Peace Discourse In Postwar Japan: Emergence, Continuity, And Transformation, Xiuyu Li
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Postwar Japan has often been described as “pacifist.” This is because Japan has not engaged in a single major conflict since the end of WWII and because of the kind of peace thinking developed by its war-weary populations. While it was considered natural for humans to desire peace, this momentum was generated from the memory of Japanese people as both perpetrators and victims of war over the course of the country’s modernization. The Japanese intellectuals not only cherished the peaceful condition in the wake of WWII as a generous gift from the Allied powers but also dedicated themselves into rebuilding …
The People Of Seljuq Baghdad, 1069-1089, Henry Stratakis-Allen
The People Of Seljuq Baghdad, 1069-1089, Henry Stratakis-Allen
Undergraduate Honors Theses
In recent years, scholars of the Islamic Middle East have fiercely debated the nature and underlying causes of the so-called ‘Sunni Revival’, a period of Sunni political resurgence and theological consolidation centered around the city of Baghdad that lasted throughout the eleventh century. Despite the importance of this period, which witnessed the crystallization of mainstream Islamic thought as it is known to the present, scholars have been unable to synthesize its phenomena into a single convincing narrative. This shortcoming is owed largely to scholars lacking a robust structural understanding of Islamic society during this period, particularly with respect to Baghdad. …
The Cult Of The Nymphs: Identity, Ritual, And Womanhood In Ancient Greece, Ivana Genov
The Cult Of The Nymphs: Identity, Ritual, And Womanhood In Ancient Greece, Ivana Genov
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Examining archeological and epigraphic evidence in its historical context, in this thesis I explore the Cult of the Nymphs venerated across ancient Greek poleis. I analyze the nymph’s profound cultural and historical impact that is often overlooked in the study of ancient Greece. Nymphs were female deities thought to embody ecological sites, such as fountains and springs, and became fundamental to polis identity. Their locations were often central to city plans, and their faces, depicted on coinage, became representative of the city itself. In the community, nymphs were integral to rituals for major life events, most often in the lives …
Two London's In Williamsburg: Using Historical Imagination To Reinterpret The Meaning Of Reconciliation And Memorialization In The Archive, Ethan Miller
Undergraduate Honors Theses
his is the story of two enslaved Black males, both named London, who lived in 18th and 19th century Williamsburg, Virginia. One was a body servant, which served a similar function to a personal attendant, to the sons of Carter Braxton, when they were students at William & Mary. The second London attended the Bray school, one of the first schools for free and enslaved African Americans in the continental United States. He was enslaved by a woman …. who owned and operated a tavern in the town. Since both London’s are largely absent from the archives, there is no …
"The Unlucky Rebel": William Claiborne And The Evolution Of The Kent Island Dispute, Adam Pleasants
"The Unlucky Rebel": William Claiborne And The Evolution Of The Kent Island Dispute, Adam Pleasants
Undergraduate Honors Theses
This thesis attempts to present a more complete view of the often-overlooked conflict over Kent Island between the merchant and early Virginian politician William Claiborne and the Lords Baltimore by presenting it in the evolving cultural context of the Atlantic world.
Racially Segregated Housing And Its Impact On Urban America, Bailey Norris
Racially Segregated Housing And Its Impact On Urban America, Bailey Norris
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Throughout the late nineteenth century, into the twentieth century, and the twenty-first century, Black Americans have faced displacement, segregated housing, and limited economic prosperity. Due to this inequality, Black American’s face difficulties as they try to resurrect their hopes of the American Dream. To assess the experiences of Black Americans and the impact of racially segregated housing on Urban America, an examination of legislation, state-funded segregation, structural and systemic racism, and the acts of individuals in creating barriers to success for Black communities becomes necessary. This thesis works to understand and answer the question: to what extent does racially segregated …
Man, Myth And Medicine: The Exchange Of Healing Deities In The Bronze Age Mediterranean, Ryan Vincent
Man, Myth And Medicine: The Exchange Of Healing Deities In The Bronze Age Mediterranean, Ryan Vincent
Undergraduate Honors Theses
This paper is an in depth analysis of the Bronze Age interactions between Egypt and Greece and the legacy of physicians and physician gods in the region through an exploration of religion, medicine and linguistic exchange. The Egyptian physician Imhotep bears a striking resemblance to the Greek god Asklepios. It seems this similarity may be a result of Asklepios and his predecessor Paieon actually being based on the story of Imhotep, brought to the Mycenaeans during the Bronze Age.
“Pass The Pickles”: Viewing Class And Dining In Virginia City, Nevada Through The Pickle Castor, Sage Boucher
“Pass The Pickles”: Viewing Class And Dining In Virginia City, Nevada Through The Pickle Castor, Sage Boucher
Undergraduate Honors Theses
This thesis employs a material culture methodology, which understands people through the objects that they interacted and applies it to the study of the pickle castor; this 19th-century American dining object represents an intersectionality between the unique social and economic space of Virginia City, Nevada in its silver rush Bonanza (1859-1882) and 19th century dining processes. The study will first walk through the history of the pickle castor itself, showing the food culture it is connected to, and the production processes. It will then pivot to setting this historical stage of Virginia City, Nevada in the silver rush, showing it …
Violent Or Non-Violent? What Difference Does It Make In 1960’S Civil Rights Activism And The State?, Jada A. Commodore
Violent Or Non-Violent? What Difference Does It Make In 1960’S Civil Rights Activism And The State?, Jada A. Commodore
Undergraduate Honors Theses
In this essay, I research the differences between violent and non-violent actors during the civil rights movement and how their methods changed their interactions with the state. For my case study, I chose two violent and two non-violent subjects, as well as two individuals, and two organizations. Those being Martin Luther King Jr. and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee for my nonviolent actors, and Malcolm X and The Black Panther Party as my violent actors. I examine how their methods as individuals and groups changed the way they interacted with Police, The FBI, and the Federal Government such as presidents …
Understanding The Impact Of Social Media During The Tunisian Revolution For The Lgbtqia+ Tunisian Community, Jared L. Bisbikis
Understanding The Impact Of Social Media During The Tunisian Revolution For The Lgbtqia+ Tunisian Community, Jared L. Bisbikis
Undergraduate Honors Theses
The Tunisian Revolution of 2011 was significantly influenced by the widespread use of social media platforms which aided in the advancement and eventual overthrow of the regime of President Ben Ali. With the newfound power of social media, the once invisible LGBTQIA+ community within Tunisia began to utilize social media to advance Tunisia's social and political culture regarding LGBTQIA+ advocacy. LGBTQIA+ Tunisian and Middle Eastern history reveals that French colonization was the most significant factor in creating anti-LGBTQIA+ laws and culture within the region. In Tunisia, this resulted in the Penal Code of 1913: Article 230, which criminalizes sodomy between …
Explaining Suharto's Rise And Fall: International And Domestic Variables, Julia Batanghari
Explaining Suharto's Rise And Fall: International And Domestic Variables, Julia Batanghari
Undergraduate Honors Theses
For three decades (1968-1998), Indonesia was led by President Suharto, whose authoritarian military regime is remembered for its corruption and brutality. This paper offers an analysis of Suharto’s rule through the lens of two events: his 1965 purge of local ‘communists’ and the riots of May 1998. Drawing comparisons between the two, I delve into systemic causes by considering the influence of domestic and international variables. Exploring links between intergroup accommodation and democracy reveals that Suharto’s lack of ethnic, socioeconomic, and religious inclusivity paved the way not only for the anti-Chinese sentiment which pervaded Indonesian society during his presidency, but …
Coal, Land, And Ideology: Inventions Of Appalachia In The Mind Of The American Ruling Class, Zachary Harris
Coal, Land, And Ideology: Inventions Of Appalachia In The Mind Of The American Ruling Class, Zachary Harris
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Appalachia, itself a difficult to resolutely define region, has undergone the economic forces of colonialism and industrializing capitalism which allow for an excellent case study to apply Gramsci’s theory of cultural hegemony. No American region’s national conception is likely to have been as varied and often misrepresented as that of Appalachia. From the Revolutionary American State’s invention of early white settlers as the virtuous yeoman of the Republic to the modern perception of Appalachia as backwards, conservative, and drug-addled, shifting national economic conditions resulted in a constant invention of Appalachia in congruence. Whenever the people residing in Appalachia, whether Black, …
Disappearing Smoke: Why Black Pitmasters Are Being Left Behind By Commercialization Within North Carolina Whole Hog Barbecue, Charlotte Lucas
Disappearing Smoke: Why Black Pitmasters Are Being Left Behind By Commercialization Within North Carolina Whole Hog Barbecue, Charlotte Lucas
Undergraduate Honors Theses
In North Carolina, there is only one Eastern whole hog establishment left that is owned by black pitmasters. As a result of historical context, black pitmasters have been left behind by the recent trend of commercialization within North Carolina whole hog barbecue. This exclusion can be explained by examining the history of whole hog barbecue, the struggles black entrepreneurs face in the restaurant industry, and the role that the media has played in ignoring black pitmasters. Historical background dives into the history of the whole hog from the plantation era to the Civil Rights movement and beyond in North Carolina …
"But A Contraband Is A Free Man:" Civil War Literature And The Figure Of The "Contraband", Mary A. Kardos
"But A Contraband Is A Free Man:" Civil War Literature And The Figure Of The "Contraband", Mary A. Kardos
Undergraduate Honors Theses
This thesis explores Civil War popular literature related to "contraband" individuals by Black and white authors. In May 1861, those who escaped from enslavement to Union territory were deemed "contrabands of war," a label placing them between freedom and property. This purgatorial category delayed freedom and depicts formerly enslaved persons as both intellectual and literal property of white America. Across various poems, essays, speeches, novels, illustrated envelopes, and sketches, Civil War authors debated the function of the “contrabands” within the American social order. Consequently, this thesis explores the patterns through which the uniquely transitory nature of the “contraband" allowed the …
The Journey Of Unlearning: A Close Reading Of Civil War Pedagogy In Alabama And Virginia, Michaela Hill
The Journey Of Unlearning: A Close Reading Of Civil War Pedagogy In Alabama And Virginia, Michaela Hill
Undergraduate Honors Theses
This thesis is a close reading of Civil War pedagogy in Alabama and Virginia with special attention given to Black history during the Civil War era. Through an examination of Civil War history, it is evident that slavery was the main cause of the War. The development of the Lost Cause narrative, a reaction to Blacks gaining Civil Rights that aimed to prove the Confederate war effort was honorable, is still promoted in southern schools. Alabama and Virginia both provide state standards, outlines of the minimum required knowledge to be obtained on a given subject by the end of the …
The Rails That Bind: America's Freedom Trains As Reflections Of Efforts To Form Cultural Consensus And Indicators Of The Weakness Of Cold War Memory, Daniel Speer
Undergraduate Honors Theses
This paper assesses why two projects with the same name, concept and intent of forming cultural consensus, the Freedom Trains, took such different forms between the postwar "consensus" (1947-1963) and detente (1963-1979) phases of the Cold War. It argues that organizers Attorney General Tom C. Clark (1947), Ross Rowland (1975), and their corporate backers articulated histories based on perceived common values of limited rights (1947), cultural pluralism (1975) and consumption (both) that attempted unity, but resulted in silences. The reception to each train, and the organizers' responses to those reactions, showed the limitations of a unifying consensus, but varied between …
Stepping Into A Moment: A Historical Reconstruction Of Lord Dunmore's Portrait, Slade Nakoff
Stepping Into A Moment: A Historical Reconstruction Of Lord Dunmore's Portrait, Slade Nakoff
Undergraduate Honors Theses
The study of material culture study has long been estranged from mainstream academic discourse often dismissed as the examination of pots and pans. Historians are beginning to realize that material culture and cultural reconstruction offer vital insights into the past. Building upon new developments, my project reconstructs the items painted by Joshua Reynolds in his famous painting of Lord Dunmore. This reconstruction allows for the efforts of unnamed tradesmen to be retraced, making a few people and their efforts which were lost to history known once again. By employing written documentation in tandem with extant artifacts, the project recreates every …
American Fears: H.P. Lovecraft And The Paranoid Style, Bailey Marvel
American Fears: H.P. Lovecraft And The Paranoid Style, Bailey Marvel
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Why is H.P. Lovecraft still relevant? That is the one the questions put forward by this thesis. Lovecraft is known for his creation of Lovecraftian horror, also known as cosmic horror. However, his bigoted view on race and class muddies this legacy. What this thesis seeks to explore is how Lovecraft’s work demonstrates the fears and anxieties central to the America psyche. The paranoid style can be found in American discourse throughout history but it can also be found in the works of Lovecraft himself. Lovecraft was a prejudiced and paranoid man, and his prejudices and paranoia are a major …