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- Tri-State Mining District (27)
- Picher (Okla.) (9)
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- Silicosis (4)
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Articles 1 - 30 of 38
Full-Text Articles in History
Socialism In The Mines: How Labor Organizations Led To The Spread Of Socialism In Southeast Kansas, Mark Hoffhines
Socialism In The Mines: How Labor Organizations Led To The Spread Of Socialism In Southeast Kansas, Mark Hoffhines
Theory and Practice: HIST430
In the first 30 years of the twentieth century, southeast Kansas stood out from the rest of the state. People commonly look at the immigration to the area during this time, and the idea that Kansas is the "Little Balkans" of the state. This is a reference to the Balkans area of central, Europe where many immigrants to the area came from, and is used to show how much ethnic diversity is present in this area. What really brought all of these immigrants to the area was the opportunity for employment in the coal mines in Cherokee and Crawford counties. …
In The Name Of The King: Alexander Howat And His Loyal Followers, Ryan Yanez
In The Name Of The King: Alexander Howat And His Loyal Followers, Ryan Yanez
Theory and Practice: HIST430
Coal operators and the union leaders that attempted to resist them were in a constant struggle during the early 20th century. This iconic struggle between workers and company would come to illustrate the perfect example of an unstoppable force meeting an immovable object. Trapped between these battling titans stood the United Mine Workers of America, and the fearless leader of Local District 14, Alexander Howat, ready to do battle with both of the giants if deemed necessary, all for the sake of gaining what little ground they could at the time. Despite the almost non-existent fiscal reward for their effort, …
High Heeled Bootleggers: The Role Of Crawford And Cherokee County Women During Prohibition Kansas, Cadi Thornberg
High Heeled Bootleggers: The Role Of Crawford And Cherokee County Women During Prohibition Kansas, Cadi Thornberg
Theory and Practice: HIST430
Kansas has a long history in fighting for what they want. In the 1850s, prohibition became the topic of concern. Although the federal prohibition mandate in the United States did not begin until 1919 when the 18th amendment was ratified in Congress and signed off by President Harry S. Truman, it began in Kansas in 1880. The count was narrow, but Kansas was passed as a dry state. Because it was not a federal law, people habitually broke it or found ways around it. Up until the prohibition laws was federally passed, saloons filled the towns, especially in Crawford and …
Going To Town: Family Recreation In Picher Oklahoma, Cassie Drake
Going To Town: Family Recreation In Picher Oklahoma, Cassie Drake
Theory and Practice: HIST430
In the days of mining money was scarce. Along with lack of disposable income also came a lack of free time. Miners worked long and tiresome days with little rest and little family time. The wives of miners also spent long days keeping house and raising children and much like their husbands, had a tiresome job. However, when the income became available they would do something fun with their families, or even take a trip to a nearby town. Picher had a wide variety of things to do and see, almost something for all ages. Spending time off at home …
The Violent, Furious, And Persistent Unions: Picher, Oklahoma During The 1930s, Jordan L. Boyd
The Violent, Furious, And Persistent Unions: Picher, Oklahoma During The 1930s, Jordan L. Boyd
Theory and Practice: HIST430
"From all directions as one approaches Picher, Oklahoma, the mountainous chat piles loom prominently in the distance, impressive testimony to the labor of thousands of miners and mill men who spent their lives extracting and milling lead and zinc ores from the Tri-State Mining District of Oklahoma, Kansas, and Missouri." The mines started to be discovered in the regions of Southeast Kansas and Northeast Oklahoma during and before the turn of the Twentieth Century. More and more people begin to inhabit these regions and with more settlement through the heart of America, shifted to more exploration of the rich resources …
Paupers To Princes: Quapaw Royalties From The Tri-State Mining Area Land-Leases And Their Effects Of The Tribal Culture, Jordan Adams
Paupers To Princes: Quapaw Royalties From The Tri-State Mining Area Land-Leases And Their Effects Of The Tribal Culture, Jordan Adams
Theory and Practice: HIST430
On January 4, 1918, the Miami Record Herald ran a story that had become quite common in the years preceding. The newspaper out of Miami, Oklahoma received a story that the United States Government had declared three members of the Quapaw tribe incompetent to manage their funds and land. The rumor mill declared a bad investment led to Ben Quapaw, Se-Sah Quapaw, and Wah Tah Neh Zah Goodeagle to receive the declaration. In the minds of many, it was just another Indian wasting their mining money. What was happening was a far more troubling situation. Two attorneys who had been …
Miners And Their Machines: How Early Turn-Of-The-Century Mining Techniques And Equipment Influenced The Tri-State Area, Chuck Boyles
Miners And Their Machines: How Early Turn-Of-The-Century Mining Techniques And Equipment Influenced The Tri-State Area, Chuck Boyles
Theory and Practice: HIST430
There is very little doubt that the mechanization and modernization of early mining methods in the early 1920s and 30s within the tri-state area, and the entire United States for that matter, would have a profound impact on the miners and the rest of the country. This paper will explore the positives and the negatives of the machinery that miners began to use shortly after the turn-of-the-century. In the hope to clarify, or at least improve, the ideas of why mechanization took place so quickly and so willingly by mine operators, what is impacts were on the miners, and how …
Lead And Zinc: The "Gold" Of World War Ii And Picher, Oklahoma May 1st, 1942 To June 30th, 1947, Aaron Heidebrecht
Lead And Zinc: The "Gold" Of World War Ii And Picher, Oklahoma May 1st, 1942 To June 30th, 1947, Aaron Heidebrecht
Theory and Practice: HIST430
"Yesterday, Dec. 7, 1941 - a date which will live in infamy - the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan." This was a quote from Franklin Roosevelt, one of the most recognized presidents of the United States, and it was the starting point of the events which would proceed after this day. Because of this event, the U.S. found the need to get involved in the midst of one of the bloodiest conflicts in modern day history. America and the world were brought together in the common …
Take Me Out To The Ball Game: The Effect That Baseball Played On The Mining Community In The Four States During The 1940s And 1950s, Trey Derryberry
Take Me Out To The Ball Game: The Effect That Baseball Played On The Mining Community In The Four States During The 1940s And 1950s, Trey Derryberry
Theory and Practice: HIST430
The miners of the four state area lived a life of extreme hardships. Every morning wives, sons, and daughters would say good bye to their fathers hoping that this would not be the last time they saw their loved ones. This was the life of a miner family, with such horrible working conditions in the mining field people dealt and copped with death every day. Miners often came down with diseases because of the conditions Syphilis, silicosis, and tuberculosis were not uncommon. It was hard work with little pay, but it was an honest living that could support a family …
The Forgotten Middle Class Of Picher Oklahoma 1928-1931, V. Genile Dennison
The Forgotten Middle Class Of Picher Oklahoma 1928-1931, V. Genile Dennison
Theory and Practice: HIST430
In 1928, the United States had a thriving middle class. Picher, Oklahoma was no exception to that normal state of affairs. In every year, in every city there are diverse incomes and activities. In this era of social history, many historians concentrate on the poorest residents of a given city. This can give a casual history buff the impression that everyone in the city was desperately poor and struggling for survival. That limited presentation negates the impact that the people of middle income had on society. The local Picher newspaper, The King Jack was like many local papers of its …
Picher's Alcohol: Problems It Caused, Leigha Burns
Picher's Alcohol: Problems It Caused, Leigha Burns
Theory and Practice: HIST430
Alcohol played a major part in the life of a miner and in his community. The outlawing of alcohol in the country caused lots of things in the life of the miner and in his surrounding community. Across the country crime rates began to rise as more people were found with illegal alcohol or were arrested for altercations that they had been involved in because of being intoxicated.
Going Above And Beyond In A Time Of Need, Vicki Engledown
Going Above And Beyond In A Time Of Need, Vicki Engledown
Theory and Practice: HIST430
Since Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross in 1881, families and communities have come to expect that in times of need, the Red Cross will be there for them. But in Picher Oklahoma in the 1930s, the Red Cross extended its generosity past the point it needed to be. The comes a point in time when a community needs to take responsibility of its citizens instead of relying on the handouts of others. Today there are millions of people that take advantage of government systems; this was no different during the hardships of the Great Depression in the 1930s. …
Early Prospecting Of The Tri-State District And How It Affected The Picher Field, Charles E. Janssen
Early Prospecting Of The Tri-State District And How It Affected The Picher Field, Charles E. Janssen
Theory and Practice: HIST430
Early mining is critical to understand how it set the stage for the tri-state district of Oklahoma, Kansas, and Missouri to become one of the world's foremost produces of lead and zinc ore from approximately 1880-1950. The particular geological deformation of this region led to prospecting and mining on a hyper-industrial level with the focal point being in and around the Picher-Cardin district of northeastern Oklahoma in Ottawa County. From the initial discovery of lead and zinc ore through the boom and output peak of 1929, the tri-state region saw the discovery, boom, mining techniques, and technological advancements in this …
Open Mines: Deadly Consequences, Alex Schell
Open Mines: Deadly Consequences, Alex Schell
Theory and Practice: HIST430
Problems of the open mines in the Tri-State area had been a hot topic for many years in the early 1900s. The problems that the surrounding communities faced were deadly. Many people, unknowingly, stepped into open mine shafts and were seriously injured or even killed. Properly closing mines after they had been stripped of all their valuable ore was not a priority of the mining companies; seeing how there was no enforcement of the laws when it came to closing down mines and covering up open mine shafts, many companies just left the open shafts uncovered. It was widely known …
Undersold: Government Intervention On Indian Land Leases In The Tri-State Area, Lauren Arthur
Undersold: Government Intervention On Indian Land Leases In The Tri-State Area, Lauren Arthur
Theory and Practice: HIST430
Until the early 1800s, the state of Oklahoma was only open prairie. Unsettled and mainly used as a yearly hunting ground for some Plains Indians, Oklahoma was, to French travelers, land of little opportunity. It was Indian land; therefore it was not available to the French. Yet when they sold the land to the United States in 1803, the young government took control of the land and the people who have been living there for thousands of years. One-hundred years later when minerals were found on Quapaw-restricted land in Oklahoma, the government attempted to pass legislation in order to protect …
Educational Impacts In Picher, Oklahoma And The Surrounding Tri-State District, Amanda Callaway
Educational Impacts In Picher, Oklahoma And The Surrounding Tri-State District, Amanda Callaway
Theory and Practice: HIST430
The thirties was a rough decade for our nation's history. It was a time of "Great Depression" when the stock market crashed in 1929. The crash led to major inflation and scarcity of jobs all over the United States. Picher, Oklahoma was in need of operational mines during this time. The people there would do whatever it would take to keep their jobs. This became so extreme that people in the community began not taking care of their homes, keeping good hygiene, and using proper safety precautions. The town seemed to lack education to the outside world. Many today are …
The Truth About Operator And Union Relations In The Tri-State Mining District, Anthony Nelson
The Truth About Operator And Union Relations In The Tri-State Mining District, Anthony Nelson
Theory and Practice: HIST430
Higher wages, fewer hours, better working conditions--that would be the general mantra of most unions in the United States during the first part of the twentieth century. After the passage of the National Industrial Recovery Act in 1933, which gave employees the right to bargain collectively, unions were empowered and began sending out organizers all over the country. Unfortunately, such a cookie-cutter platform would not be so easily applied in the Tri-State lead and zinc mining district of Missouri, Kansas, and Oklahoma. As union organizers mobilized in the Tri-State district, they stuck to the familiar procedure of agitating and ranting …
Depression And Decline In The Tri-States, Joey Zdeb
Depression And Decline In The Tri-States, Joey Zdeb
Theory and Practice: HIST430
There were once unsettled and wild lands in the Indian territory of northwest Oklahoma, in the lowland valleys of southeastern Kansas, and even the vast hills of the southwestern Ozrks of Missouri. But this once clean and tranquil land is no more due to the mining and encampment of the Tri-State area of Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma. In the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century, there was a large movement of people into the Tri-State area. This was a result of new found minerals able to be mined, and with that came jobs, land, and new opportunity for the …
Government Involvement In The Mining Industry, Jake Storey
Government Involvement In The Mining Industry, Jake Storey
Theory and Practice: HIST430
Mining was one of the most prominent industries in the Tri-State District from the 1880s through the 1950s. This time period was very instrumental to the development of the Tri-State region of Kansas, Oklahoma, and Missouri. Mining offered employment to many in the area, and mining camps would seemingly spring up overnight in some case. There is a very good case made that work in the mines was extremely hazardous to one's health. Falling rocks, working with explosives, and working in a dusty, damp area were all a part of a miner's day. Prior to government legislation, men could have …
Workmen's Compensation: Mining Injuries In The Tri-State Mining District, 1930-1946, Ariel Yager
Workmen's Compensation: Mining Injuries In The Tri-State Mining District, 1930-1946, Ariel Yager
Theory and Practice: HIST430
Workmen's compensation is an evolved form of disability. It started in the 1920s and is still changing today. J.E. Halterman found this out when he went to work one day for the Missouri Pacific Railroad Company in 1930 in Coffeyville, Kansas. He left work missing the first three fingers on his right hand from working with a buzz saw. He sued the company for compensation of the loss of his fingers. During the trial it came out that the shield on the buzz saw was so defective and worn that it could not perform its job to protect the worker. …
The Spring Floods Of 1936: Picher And The Red Cross Unite, Allison Williford
The Spring Floods Of 1936: Picher And The Red Cross Unite, Allison Williford
Theory and Practice: HIST430
In the early 1900s, the Great Depression, great droughts, a huge tornado, and great floods roared through the United States, hitting the East Coast, the West Coast, and the Midwest. These troubling periods and incidents left many families without homes or incomes. Therefore, these families had no choice but to reach out to others for help, the main source being toward the Red Cross and places in America where trouble was much less than the disaster's home front. Without the help of the Red Cross, the disaster stricken flood areas would not have survived.
World War Ii From The Mining Shaft, Lucian Myers
World War Ii From The Mining Shaft, Lucian Myers
Theory and Practice: HIST430
One of America's most powerful weapons in World War II was its labor force. It was one of the contributing factors to the Allied victory in the war. Not only could the U.S. field better armies than its opponent, but it could supply them for a longer period of time over a longer distance. The labor force and communities of those laborers in America were transformed during the war. People who had not previously worked outside of their homes now worked in the labor force. Also there were people in the labor force who left it to go enlist in …
Prohibition And The Effects On Social History In The Tri-State Area, Grant Laforge
Prohibition And The Effects On Social History In The Tri-State Area, Grant Laforge
Theory and Practice: HIST430
Today we as citizens of this country believe that rights and liberties rule the air. On January 16th, 1919 however, an amendment for prohibition was ratified, making alcohol consumption illegal. The whole country was affected by this amendment. In the East there were many organized crime related incidents related to prohibition. Other parts of the US that were affected by this amendment and bootlegging were prominent.
From Leftovers To Treasured Lands: Discovery Of Lead And Zinc In The Indian Territory Of Northeastern Oklahoma, Chance Riley
From Leftovers To Treasured Lands: Discovery Of Lead And Zinc In The Indian Territory Of Northeastern Oklahoma, Chance Riley
Theory and Practice: HIST430
Indian relations have been a major part of American society since America was discovered, and as Americans continued to expand farther west, these issues became increasingly magnified. There are many stories of the trials and tribulations that many Native Americans faced as they were continually persecuted and forced to give up their land. Stories such as the Trail of Tears sprout up in most textbooks throughout schools. However, there are many other stories that seem to slip through the cracks and do not receive near as much spotlight in history lessons today. The story of the Quapaw Tribe, who were …
A Community Giving A Helping Hand: Tri-State District Tornado, Andrew Prater
A Community Giving A Helping Hand: Tri-State District Tornado, Andrew Prater
Theory and Practice: HIST430
On the evening of February 24, 1935, a deadly tornado ravaged through the Tri-State District towns of Commerce, Douthat, Picher, Hockerville, Ok, Shoal Creek, Stapleton, MO, and Baxter Springs, KS. The total number of people impacted from the rare February tornado totaled 286. This disaster did not happen at an ordinary time in history, it happened at a time when many families were struggling to feed and cloth their families and at a time when the national unemployment rate exceeded twenty-five percent during the "Great Depression." During this time of great distress and unemployment, a community that was centered around …
Labor And Health In The Tri-State Mining Area At The Turn Of The 20th Century, Kara Pittman
Labor And Health In The Tri-State Mining Area At The Turn Of The 20th Century, Kara Pittman
Theory and Practice: HIST430
From the late 1800's continuing through the middle of the 20th century, the tri-state area was a hotbed for the mining industries of materials such as led, zinc, and quarts. Mining camps and boomstowns seemed to pop us over night, and the rust to strike it big seemed to spread faster than wildfire. Through all of this it seemed one of the concerns that least weighed on anyone's minds was concern over the health and general well being of the miners themselves. Diseases such as silicosis and tuberculosis were seen frequently in the miners and often spread to their families. …
Slave Labor: The Taft-Hartley Act And The Tri-State Mining District, Sally Miller-Downing
Slave Labor: The Taft-Hartley Act And The Tri-State Mining District, Sally Miller-Downing
Theory and Practice: HIST430
Before World War II, there was an unstable atmosphere to the industrial sector of the United States economy. As World War II began the industries settled down, and the production of means for the war boomed, as the employees joined together against the Axis powers. After the war, the sense of duty that many union members felt disappeared and the mining industries began to reveal extensive problems with labor relations. Because of these two factors, the Taft-Hartley act was compiled through a joint committee in June 1947. In the act, there were many provisions made to protect both the employer …
Silicosis: Discovery, Treatment, And Prevention Of The Disease In The Tri-State Mining District From 1900-1950, Aubrey Papen
Silicosis: Discovery, Treatment, And Prevention Of The Disease In The Tri-State Mining District From 1900-1950, Aubrey Papen
Theory and Practice: HIST430
The mining operation at Picher, Oklahoma was the last successful strike in the Tri-State Area. The Picher Lead Company of Joplin was drilling prospect holes in an isolated farming area somewhere northeast of Commerce, Oklahoma in 1914 and made a rich strike in the area that became known as Picher. The town grew almost overnight as miners and their families flooded into the area to be a part of one of the most successful mines in the area. One Daily Oklahoman correspondent called Picher the "last bonanza" of the Tri-State District and said it was fitting that the district's colorful …
The Tri-State District Strike Of 1935: How The Pressures Of The Great Depression And Ignorance Of The Wagner Act Led To Violence, Monnie Brewster
The Tri-State District Strike Of 1935: How The Pressures Of The Great Depression And Ignorance Of The Wagner Act Led To Violence, Monnie Brewster
Theory and Practice: HIST430
The Tri-State Miner's Strike of 1935 was a result of attempts to unionize the miners in the area. Because of the strike, Eagle Picher Mining Company formed an illegal company union to begin a back to work movement. The pressures of the Great Depression and the threat of communism caused these remarkable events. Silicosis and social conditions also influenced both labor and management of the Tri-State area. The Great Depression led to national Labor Reform Legislation the Tri-State min operators resisted. Tri-State miners, who had previously resisted union organization, now considered the benefits the union offered. The efforts of union …
Tri-State District Railroads: Connection And Endurance, Brecken Larson
Tri-State District Railroads: Connection And Endurance, Brecken Larson
Theory and Practice: HIST430
The purpose of the railroad is to connect-people to places, commodity to consumer, all the while building a network of relationships. In the Tri-State Mining District, the area railroads served the local mining industry by hauling the ore concentrate to the purchasing smelter. Both industries worked to support the Tri-State area, despite governmental intervention and economic downturns Throughout the early to min-1900s, Tri-State District railroads connected to the mining industry, endured the government, and steamed into the future.