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Articles 1 - 30 of 44
Full-Text Articles in History
Capitalism, Colonial Expansion, And Forced Child Indenture In The British Atlantic, 1618-1776, Angela Austin
Capitalism, Colonial Expansion, And Forced Child Indenture In The British Atlantic, 1618-1776, Angela Austin
History Dissertations
This dissertation examines colonial child servants from the British Isles between the years 1618-1776, illustrating how economic demands, colonial ambitions, and capitalistic drives combined with ethnic and class prejudices to perpetuate the indenture of children irrespective of individual or parental consent. An examination of legislative actions, legal enforcement, and governmental complicity reveals both direct and indirect government involvement in perpetuating involuntary child labor across the British Isles. In fact, the volume of this human trafficking required some level of awareness and support from legislators and officials at both the local and national levels. In some cases, officials removed children from …
La Prensa Y El Gran Pueblo Mexicano: A Study Of Spanish-Language Newspapers In South Texas, 1850-1930, Paul Sebastian Ruiz-Requena
La Prensa Y El Gran Pueblo Mexicano: A Study Of Spanish-Language Newspapers In South Texas, 1850-1930, Paul Sebastian Ruiz-Requena
History Dissertations
This study focuses on Spanish-language newspapers published by Mexicans in South Texas from 1850 to 1930. These newspapers played a vital role in mobilizing Mexican communities for collective action against anti-Mexican violence, racism, and the segregation of their children in schools. This study also examines the influence of these newspapers on the formation of Mexican American identity. These newspapers connected large groups of people through cultural narratives and contributed to defining concepts like "patria" and "raza", exhibiting many of the qualities Benedict Anderson attributed to print capitalism's role in the act of imagining oneself as part of a community. The …
Adventurers And Autocrats: The Role Of Authority In The Making Of The English West Indies, 1595-1655, John Clinton Harris
Adventurers And Autocrats: The Role Of Authority In The Making Of The English West Indies, 1595-1655, John Clinton Harris
History Dissertations
After Walter Ralegh made his famous journey to the Orinoco in 1595, English adventurers began the haphazard process of colonizing the West Indies. Initially they tried to follow Ralegh’s efforts in Guiana, but their every effort failed because they lacked access to significant investment capital and did not enjoy the full backing of the crown. After several calamities, Englishmen interested in American colonization turned their efforts towards the Caribbean in 1623. Under the rule of Lord Proprietor James Hay, Earl of Carlisle, and his brutal governors English adventurers enjoyed more success. The key difference in Carlisle’s Caribbean and Ralegh’s Guiana …
Pearl Chase And Thomas More Storke: Two Community Builders In Twentieth Century Santa Barbara, California, Jacqueline M. Zeledon
Pearl Chase And Thomas More Storke: Two Community Builders In Twentieth Century Santa Barbara, California, Jacqueline M. Zeledon
History Dissertations
Pearl Chase (1888-1979) and Thomas More Storke (1876-1971) are the main protagonists in this dissertation which analyzes Santa Barbara, California, and its twentieth- century development. These two individuals dedicated their lives to improving, maintaining, and preserving their unique city, as they supported—and often led—many architectural, civic, educational, environmental, and infrastructural projects. Chase and Storke were selected to headline this dissertation because they were excellent examples of community builders whose prolific endeavors resulted in many achievements. Some of these accomplishments have become Santa Barbara icons for which the city is known, such as its picturesque architectural style and a University of …
Working For Peanuts: Labor, Geography, And Class Composition In The American Circus Industry, 1872-1938, William James Hansard
Working For Peanuts: Labor, Geography, And Class Composition In The American Circus Industry, 1872-1938, William James Hansard
History Dissertations
This dissertation focuses on class composition in the traveling circus in the Gilded Age (1870s-1900s), the Progressive Era (1890s-1910s), and the New Era (1920s-1930s). American circuses became industrial operations beginning in the 1870s under the leadership of P.T. Barnum and his business partners, and within a few years, they had become the most important form of entertainment in the United States. By the turn of the twentieth century, the major industrial circuses employed around 1,200 people each and traveled the country in what amounted to a mobile factory town. However, up to this point, collective action by circus workers was …
Wretches, Rogues, And Rebels: Smugglers In English Print Culture 1660-1766, Jacob M. Jones
Wretches, Rogues, And Rebels: Smugglers In English Print Culture 1660-1766, Jacob M. Jones
History Dissertations
This dissertation examines smugglers as they appeared in English print culture from their first appearance as "smuckellors" in a 1661 Royal Proclamation to 1766 when Parliament repealed the Revenue Act of 1764 amid protests over the government's crackdown on the vital molasses smuggling trade. Since the nineteenth century, historians have focused on community acceptance of smuggling, arguing that most Britons did not believe smuggling was criminal. However, this dissertation reveals a strong counter-narrative that has not been fully explored. From the nineteenth century onward, smugglers were romanticized and depicted as "honest thieves" and integral parts of coastal British communities. In …
Foot-Ball! Turning Colombian Boys Into Patriotic Men: How Sport And Education Developed With Early Twentieth-Century Colombian Nationalism, Brandon Todd Blakeslee
Foot-Ball! Turning Colombian Boys Into Patriotic Men: How Sport And Education Developed With Early Twentieth-Century Colombian Nationalism, Brandon Todd Blakeslee
History Dissertations
In 1948 a collection of ten football (soccer) teams from across Colombia joined together to form the División Mayor (Major League) the culmination of a thirty-year-long process to form a national league. Colombian sports enthusiasts were not motivated by their love of the game, but rather saw football, and sports in general, as a means to modernize their country. Journalists and enthusiasts wrote that the practice of sport, as part of physical education programs or participating in the spectacle of a match were essential to the “modern man” and “modern women.” Colombian nationalists also embraced sport, and a national league, …
Radicals On The Move: French Migrants In The United States, 1850-1900, Staci L. Swiney
Radicals On The Move: French Migrants In The United States, 1850-1900, Staci L. Swiney
History Dissertations
The following dissertation examines the activities of French radical migrants within the United States from 1850-1900. This dissertation illustrates that studying French migration highlights the interconnectedness and continuities of radical movements in the United States throughout the nineteenth century. It emphasizes the many threads connecting the creation of mid nineteenth century socialist colonies like those in Texas, the Paris Commune, The First International, The Knights of Labor, The Socialists Labor Party, and the anarchist movement. French radical migrants worked hard to maintain ties to their own communities, but they also worked closely with Poles, Germans, Italians, Americans in an attempt …
Waving The Red, Black, And Green: The Local And Global Vision Of The Universal Negro Improvement Association In Akron And Barberton, Ohio, Stephanie Theresa Sulik
Waving The Red, Black, And Green: The Local And Global Vision Of The Universal Negro Improvement Association In Akron And Barberton, Ohio, Stephanie Theresa Sulik
History Dissertations
This micro study of the Akron and Barberton, Ohio, Divisions of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) adds to the understanding the geographic diversity of the Garvey Movement’s expansive reach. It begins to uncover the importance of Garveyism in the Midwest and in Ohio, specifically, where the UNIA’s presence was larger than in any other Midwestern state. Black people in Akron and Barberton who, like millions of others around the world, joined Marcus Garvey’s global, Pan-African organization and embraced Garveyism’s holistic pursuit of Black liberation. Living in Midwestern rustbelt cities at the intersection of the Great Migration and the global …
The Battle Over Identity: Finnish-Americans And The Finnish Civil War, Christopher Malmberg
The Battle Over Identity: Finnish-Americans And The Finnish Civil War, Christopher Malmberg
History Dissertations
Historical research on Finnish migration and Finnish-Americans has, until recently, been carried out by members of the Finnish-American community and as such has written out the role of Finnish-Americans in the radical labor movement, as well as their reactions to the Finnish Civil War. In some regards it could be argued that the Finnish Civil War was also fought in America, with newspapers used in battles instead of guns. Finnish-American workers’ response to the civil war, combined with Finnish-Americans’ involved in the nationalization process of Finland, illustrates the transnational nature of seemingly national events. To help create what Benedict Anderson …
Imperial Women Of Darien: Scottish Migration And Gender In The Atlantic World, 1650-1740, Gina G. Bennett
Imperial Women Of Darien: Scottish Migration And Gender In The Atlantic World, 1650-1740, Gina G. Bennett
History Dissertations
In the last two years of the seventeenth century, approximately 3,000 people, mostly Scottish merchants, soldiers, sailors and their families, migrated to a small coastal region in central America for the purpose of establishing a colony in Panama. These travelers personified the financial dreams of some elite Scottish merchants when they formed a joint stock company known as The Company of Scotland Trading to Africa and the Indies in 1696. The colony of New Caledonia ultimately proved unsuccessful and ended in the first years of the eighteenth century. Because of the failure of the Darien Scheme and its close associated …
Black Skin, White Money: The Transatlantic Propaganda Campaign To Recolonize West Africa, 1786 - 1863, Daniel Jason Degges
Black Skin, White Money: The Transatlantic Propaganda Campaign To Recolonize West Africa, 1786 - 1863, Daniel Jason Degges
History Dissertations
Previous scholarship has mostly left the story of recolonization of former slaves and Free People of Color to West Africa in the dustbin of history. These studies also have artificially separated the multiple failed attempts into the story of either Sierra Leone or Liberia. This dissertation, for the first time, looks comprehensively and comparatively at the transatlantic propaganda campaign that accompanied each wave of support and resulting failures and the part it played in the success of the abolition movement. Ever marching westward from its London roots, recolonization’s boosters repeatedly tried to build on an imagined community that had little …
Determinants Of Ethnic Retention As See Through Walloon Immigrants To Wisconsin, Jacqueline Lee Tinkler
Determinants Of Ethnic Retention As See Through Walloon Immigrants To Wisconsin, Jacqueline Lee Tinkler
History Dissertations
This dissertation examines the unusually enduring retention of ethnic culture of the Walloon Belgian immigrants who settled in northeastern Wisconsin between 1853 and 1857, as well as the combination of circumstances which enabled this ethnic island to form and continue, well into the twenty-first century. A review of the historiography focusing on European immigrants to the United States from the post-revolutionary period to the present reveals an emphasis on urban settlement and the assumed inevitability of the weakening of ethnic identity. Less attention has been given those immigrants settling in rural areas and even less to those few rural immigrant …
The Opening Of The Atlantic World: England’S Transatlantic Interests During The Reign Of Henry Viii, Lydia Towns
The Opening Of The Atlantic World: England’S Transatlantic Interests During The Reign Of Henry Viii, Lydia Towns
History Dissertations
This dissertation explores the birth of the English Atlantic by looking at English activities and discussions of the Atlantic world from roughly 1481-1560. Rather than being disinterested in exploration during the reign of Henry VIII, this dissertation proves that the English were aware of what was happening in the Atlantic world through the transnational flow of information, imagined the potentials of the New World for both trade and colonization, and actively participated in the opening of transatlantic trade through transnational networks. To do this, the entirety of the Atlantic, all four continents, are considered and the English activity there analyzed. …
Cornflakes, God, And Circumcision: John Harvey Kellogg And Transatlantic Health Reform, Austin Eli Loignon
Cornflakes, God, And Circumcision: John Harvey Kellogg And Transatlantic Health Reform, Austin Eli Loignon
History Dissertations
The health reform movements of the nineteenth and early twentieth century impacted American and European societies in profound ways. These reforms, while usually represented in a national context, existed within a transatlantic framework that facilitated a multitude of exchanges and transfers. John Harvey Kellogg—surgeon, health reformer, and inventor of cornflakes—developed a transatlantic network of health reformers, medical practitioners, and scientists to improve his own reforms and establish new ones. Through intercultural transfer Kellogg borrowed, modified, and implemented European health reform practices at his Battle Creek Sanitarium in the United States. These transfers facilitated developments in reform movements such as vegetarianism, …
“Tie The Flags Together”: Migration, Nativism, And The Orange Order In The United States, 1840-1930, Cory D. Wells
“Tie The Flags Together”: Migration, Nativism, And The Orange Order In The United States, 1840-1930, Cory D. Wells
History Dissertations
“Tie the Flags Together”: Migration, Nativism, and the Orange Order in the United States, 1840-1930 Cory Wells Throughout the nineteenth century, tens of thousands of Irish Protestants who migrated to the United States joined the Orange Order in their newly adopted country. Formed in Ulster in the 1790s, the Loyal Orange Institution existed to maintain Protestant hegemony in Ireland. It quickly spread throughout the anglophone Atlantic, especially to Britain and Canada. As the number of Irish Catholics immigrating to America steadily rose, reaching new heights during the Famine, so did the anti-immigrant rhetoric that culminated in the American nativist movement. …
The Franco-American Love Affair: Transnational Courtship And Marriage Patterns During The Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries, Nicole Leopoldie
The Franco-American Love Affair: Transnational Courtship And Marriage Patterns During The Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries, Nicole Leopoldie
History Dissertations
This work deals with courtships and marriages that transcend national, cultural, and linguistic boundaries. It deals with the formation of transnational families and transnational spaces. And finally, because the historical concept of transnational marriage provides a unique prism through which to view the interconnectedness of societies at their most intimate cultural intersections, it deals with the longstanding, complex cultural relations between France and the United States during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. In an effort to address not only why Franco-American marriages occurred but how and why the dynamics that produced them changed over time, this work examines and compares …
Making A Nation Abroad: The Role Of Migrant Colonies In The Establishment Of Albania, Rufki Salihi
Making A Nation Abroad: The Role Of Migrant Colonies In The Establishment Of Albania, Rufki Salihi
History Dissertations
This dissertation examines the crucial role of Albanian emigrants in the development of the Albanian National Movement, and the establishment of the modern state of Albania. It takes a transnational approach, by surveying the migrant networks that operated beyond the confines of government authority. It highlights the importance that the migration processes held for the development of Albanian nationalist sentiment. Albanian-speaking migrants developed ethnic self-awareness by interacting with various cultures abroad, which strengthened their ethnic solidarity among them. Albanian migrant colonies in the United States engaged heavily in efforts to help their homeland, challenging the assimilation paradigm. Instead, there are …
“Lands Of The Future:” German-Speaking Identity, Networks, And Territoriality In The South Atlantic, 1820-1930, Isabelle Rispler
“Lands Of The Future:” German-Speaking Identity, Networks, And Territoriality In The South Atlantic, 1820-1930, Isabelle Rispler
History Dissertations
The movement of German-speakers to the South Atlantic did not begin with Nazis seeking refuge in Argentina in the aftermath of World War II, nor did it start with the organization of the German protectorate of South-West Africa in 1884. Throughout the nineteenth century, the great majority of German-speakers leaving Europe travelled and migrated to North America, but some German-speakers had begun settling in both Argentina and Namibia well before the turn of the twentieth century. German-speaking merchants and missionaries started travelling to and settling in the South Atlantic in the 1820s. These South Atlantic German-speakers were influenced by the …
Otherness And Belonging In “Democratic Empires”: The Syrian Diaspora And Transatlantic Discourses Of Identity, 1890s-1930s, Bryan A. Garrett
Otherness And Belonging In “Democratic Empires”: The Syrian Diaspora And Transatlantic Discourses Of Identity, 1890s-1930s, Bryan A. Garrett
History Dissertations
This dissertation examines the arguments that Syrians in diaspora at the turn of the twentieth century used in constructing their group identity. It traces the transnational and transimperial discourses that centered on the pack-peddler mythology, or rather, it traces the diaspora intelligentsia’s narrative for the business diaspora. Their narrative framed the business elites as the quintessence of upward mobility in the modern world. The historiography of this subfield has been separated into two camps: one that takes for granted the assimilation of the business class into Western societies, and the other that offers a more critical rendering of Syrian migrant …
Settlement House Scenes: Migrants And The Performing Arts In Transatlantic Perspective, Yevgeny Goldin
Settlement House Scenes: Migrants And The Performing Arts In Transatlantic Perspective, Yevgeny Goldin
History Dissertations
This dissertation examines the transatlantic history of the settlement house movement in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It has two foci. The first is the origin of the settlement movement, in Britain; its spread to countries such as France, Germany, Russia, Japan, and, especially, the United States; and the connections — in the form of the movement of ideas and people — among the settlement movements in various countries. The second focus is on U.S. settlement houses as performance spaces, particularly in regards to migrants (immigrants). In that context, this dissertation examines in detail the kinds of activities …
The Ciné “Never Sets…”: British Cinema As A Transatlantic Cultural Commodity, 1927-1938, Karen E. Beasley
The Ciné “Never Sets…”: British Cinema As A Transatlantic Cultural Commodity, 1927-1938, Karen E. Beasley
History Dissertations
This dissertation exemplifies how the application of a transatlantic commodity approach can broaden understanding of film as a mass medium, its business, and its cultural influences. By employing a more inclusive national cinema framework, this study is able to investigate sites of interaction between the British and Hollywood film industries as a two-way exchange as well as engage those sites at their peripheries, including those between the cultural product and its consumer throughout the broader Atlantic community. This dissertation focuses on the diversity of British audiences throughout a “British world” and the distribution and exhibition methods used to reach them. …
Intoxication And Empire: Distilled Spirits And The Creation Of Addiction In The Early Modern British Atlantic, Kristen D. Burton
Intoxication And Empire: Distilled Spirits And The Creation Of Addiction In The Early Modern British Atlantic, Kristen D. Burton
History Dissertations
This dissertation exams how the spread of imperialism in the British Atlantic led to the mass production and consumption of distilled spirits during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Through transatlantic colonization, distilled liquors, once produced as medicinal remedies, developed into a thriving industry by the beginning of the eighteenth century. This change in the purpose and use of distilled spirits prompted political, religious, and medical leaders to ask new questions about the effects and possible threats of consuming such spirits. This dissertation is a study of perceptions; it examines how spirits became the means through which people evaluated the place …
“Every Good Man Is A Quaker, And That None But Good Men Are Quakers”: Transatlantic Quaker Humanitarians, Disability, And Marketing Enlightened Reform, 1730-1834, Nathaniel Smith Kogan
“Every Good Man Is A Quaker, And That None But Good Men Are Quakers”: Transatlantic Quaker Humanitarians, Disability, And Marketing Enlightened Reform, 1730-1834, Nathaniel Smith Kogan
History Dissertations
This dissertation explores how Quaker humanitarians in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries actively absorbed and employed emerging Enlightenment discourses about “disability” and human dependency as a means to build support for, fund, and market their reform activities. Beginning in the eighteenth century in their abolitionist advocacy, Quakers harnessed Enlightenment rhetoric about disability and public displays of aberrant bodies and minds in order to raise attention to the plight of various marginalized groups and also to raise funds to support these causes. This emerging concept of disability, which was very individualized, cohered nicely with Quakers’ central theological tenet of the “Inner …
Reconciling Memory: Landscapes, Commemorations, And Enduring Conflicts Of The U.S.-Dakota War Of 1862, Julie A. Anderson
Reconciling Memory: Landscapes, Commemorations, And Enduring Conflicts Of The U.S.-Dakota War Of 1862, Julie A. Anderson
History Dissertations
The U.S.-Dakota War of 1862 resulted in the deaths of more than 500 Minnesota settlers, the expulsion of the Dakota people from their homeland, and the largest mass execution in U.S. history. For more than a century, white Minnesotans declared themselves innocent victims of Indian brutality and actively remembered this war by erecting monuments, preserving historic landscapes, publishing first-person narratives, and hosting anniversary celebrations. However, as the centennial anniversary approached, new awareness for the sufferings of the Dakota both before and after the war prompted retellings of the traditional story that gave the status of victimhood to the Dakota as …
The African-American Emigration Movement In Georgia During Reconstruction, Falechiondro Karcheik Sims-Alvarado
The African-American Emigration Movement In Georgia During Reconstruction, Falechiondro Karcheik Sims-Alvarado
History Dissertations
This dissertation is a narrative history about nearly 800 newly freed black Georgians who sought freedom beyond the borders of the Unites States by emigrating to Liberia during the years of 1866 and 1868. This work fulfills three overarching goals. First, I demonstrate that during the wake of Reconstruction, newly freed persons’ interest in returning to Africa did not die with the Civil War. Second, I identify and analyze the motivations of blacks seeking autonomy in Africa. Third, I tell the stories and challenges of those black Georgians who chose emigration as the means to civil and political freedom in …
Nationalizing The Dead: The Contested Making Of An American Commemorative Tradition From The Civil War To The Great War, Shannon T. Bontrager Ph.D.
Nationalizing The Dead: The Contested Making Of An American Commemorative Tradition From The Civil War To The Great War, Shannon T. Bontrager Ph.D.
History Dissertations
In recent years, scholars have emphasized the importance of collective memory in the making of national identity. Where does death fit into the collective memory of American identity, particularly in the economic and social chaos of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries? How did death shape the collective memory of American national identity in the midst of a pluralism brought on by immigration, civil and labor rights, and a transforming culture? On the one hand, the commemorations of public figures such as Ulysses S. Grant, William McKinley, and Theodore Roosevelt constructed an identity based on Anglo-Saxonism, American imperialism, and …
Most Desperate People: The Genesis Of Texas Exceptionalism, Michael G. Kelley
Most Desperate People: The Genesis Of Texas Exceptionalism, Michael G. Kelley
History Dissertations
Six different nations have claimed sovereignty over some or all of the current state of Texas. In the early nineteenth century, Spain ruled Texas. Then Mexico rebelled against Spain, and from 1821 to 1836 Texas was a Mexican province. In 1836, Texas Anglo settlers rebelled against Mexican rule and established a separate republic. The early Anglo settlers brought their form of civilization to a region that the Spanish had not been able to subdue for three centuries. They defeated a professional army and eventually overwhelmed Native American tribes who wished to maintain their way of life without inference from intruding …
Finding Their Place In The World: Meiji Intellectuals And The Japanese Construction Of An East-West Binary, 1868-1912, Masako N. Racel
Finding Their Place In The World: Meiji Intellectuals And The Japanese Construction Of An East-West Binary, 1868-1912, Masako N. Racel
History Dissertations
The Meiji era (1868-1912) in Japanese history was characterized by the extensive adoption of Western institutions, technology, and customs. The dramatic changes that took place caused the era’s intellectuals to ponder Japan's position within the larger global context. The East-West binary was a particularly important part of the discourse as the intellectuals analyzed and criticized the current state of affairs and offered their visions of Japan’s future. This dissertation examines five Meiji intellectuals who had very different orientations and agendas: Fukuzawa Yukichi, an influential philosopher and political theorist; Shimoda Utako, a pioneer of women's education; Uchimura Kanzō, a Christian leader; …
"Our Good And Faithful Servant": James Moore Wayne And Georgia Unionism, Joel C. Mcmahon
"Our Good And Faithful Servant": James Moore Wayne And Georgia Unionism, Joel C. Mcmahon
History Dissertations
Since the Civil War, historians have tried to understand why eleven southern states seceded from the Union to form a new nation, the Confederate States of America. What compelled the South to favor disunion over union? While enduring stereotypes perpetuated by the Myth of the Lost Cause cast most southerners of the antebellum era as ardent secessionists, not all southerners favored disunion. In addition, not all states were enthusiastic about the prospects of leaving one Union only to join another. Secession and disunion have helped shape the identity of the imagined South, but many Georgians opposed secession. This dissertation examines …