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University of Massachusetts Amherst

2019

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Articles 1 - 14 of 14

Full-Text Articles in History

“Nothing Material Occurred”: The Maritime Captures That Caused Then Outlasted The United States’ Quasi War With France, Emma Zeig Oct 2019

“Nothing Material Occurred”: The Maritime Captures That Caused Then Outlasted The United States’ Quasi War With France, Emma Zeig

Masters Theses

This thesis examines the French maritime seizures during the eighteenth-century US Quasi War with France (also called the half war, or the United States’ undeclared war with France), encompassing events on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean, in France, the United States, and the Caribbean, particularly Haiti. The analysis focuses on the captured ships, telling the stories of seamen who feared for their lives and merchants who lost their ships. This point of view allows the thesis to explore an area of the Quasi War that are less documented in other histories: how civilian participants experienced violence and the indifference …


Peripheral Rural Landscapes And Architectural Heritage Around Kayseri As A Sustainable Preservation Problem, Bahar Elagoz Timur, Nilufer Baturayoglu Yoney Oct 2019

Peripheral Rural Landscapes And Architectural Heritage Around Kayseri As A Sustainable Preservation Problem, Bahar Elagoz Timur, Nilufer Baturayoglu Yoney

ISCCL Scientific Symposia and Annual General Meetings // Symposiums scientifiques et assemblées générales annuelles de l'ISCCL // Simposios científicos yy las Asambleas Generales Anuales

The rural areas on the perimeter of Kayseri present a rich heritage and culture environment threatened by recent urban development. This paper focuses on the valley settlements on the northeast of the city in Gesi and Koramaz valleys, some of which date from as early as the Medieval period and whose population was multi-ethnic and multi-religious until the middle of the 20th century. Following the emigration of the Armenian and Greek population, the activities which have created and sustained these settlements for many centuries are disappearing as well as the architectural heritage as the villages are partially and seasonally occupied. …


Panel 5 Paper 5.1 Egyptian Rural Practices: Living Heritage And Musealization, Mohamed Badry Kamel Basuny Amer M.A. Oct 2019

Panel 5 Paper 5.1 Egyptian Rural Practices: Living Heritage And Musealization, Mohamed Badry Kamel Basuny Amer M.A.

ISCCL Scientific Symposia and Annual General Meetings // Symposiums scientifiques et assemblées générales annuelles de l'ISCCL // Simposios científicos yy las Asambleas Generales Anuales

Rural heritage is a complicated cultural knowledge. Considering the visitors who come, to the living heritage sites, spending their spare time and at the same time, to get a piece of new knowledge in a nostalgic context, the heritage exhibition is the ideal EDUTAINMENTAL deliverable that could transmit the rural heritage knowledge using the interactive thinking methodology. The former approach creates a kind of curiosity for the visitors guaranteeing the life-long learning process. Therefore, reviewing the cultural significance of intangible cultural heritage, especially the manifestations of the rural socio-cultural heritage practices, the research paper aims at presenting a new aspect …


“Æthelthryth”: Shaping A Religious Woman In Tenth-Century Winchester, Victoria Kent Worth Aug 2019

“Æthelthryth”: Shaping A Religious Woman In Tenth-Century Winchester, Victoria Kent Worth

Doctoral Dissertations

It is well established that Anglo-Saxon writers were concerned with a specific set of principles (chastity, wisdom and piety) articulated in monastic life. However, the representation of women’s religious lives and the exemplification of their values influencing male saint’s Lives and their authors have to date been largely overlooked. To rectify this omission, I focus on Wulfstan’s tenth-century Vita St. Æthelwoldi, in which Æthelthryth’s character plays a far more significant role than we have heretofore noticed. Apart from the traditional figurae the author uses to depict her virtuous devotion, Wulfstan’s account of Æthelthryth is a testimony of a particular …


Pakistani Pro-Democracy Movement: From The 1960s To The 2000s, Sofia Checa Jul 2019

Pakistani Pro-Democracy Movement: From The 1960s To The 2000s, Sofia Checa

Doctoral Dissertations

In Pakistan from the 1960s to the 2000s, with a focus on the latter. The dissertation is composed of three different papers. The first paper is an analysis of the changing civil society in Pakistan. I argue that in order to understand why the two movements were so different, we need to look at not just a snap shot of the civil society, but its evolution over the years. Rather than thinking of civil society as a static collection of different groups and organizations, this research analyzes it as a combination of groups (or structures) as well as processes that …


Hashtag Holocaust: Negotiating Memory In The Age Of Social Media, Erica Fagen Jul 2019

Hashtag Holocaust: Negotiating Memory In The Age Of Social Media, Erica Fagen

Doctoral Dissertations

This study examines the representation of Holocaust memory through photographs on the social media platforms of Flickr and Instagram. It looks at how visitors – armed with digital cameras and smartphones – depicted their experiences at the former concentration camps of Auschwitz-Birkenau, Dachau, Sachsenhausen, and Neuengamme. The study’s arguments are twofold: firstly, social media posts about visits to former concentration camps are a form of Holocaust memory, and secondly, social media allows people from all backgrounds the opportunity to share their memories online. Holocaust memory on social media introduces a new, digital kind of memory called “filtered memory.” This study …


Interpreting Access: A History Of Accessibility And Disability Representations In The National Park Service, Perri Meldon Jul 2019

Interpreting Access: A History Of Accessibility And Disability Representations In The National Park Service, Perri Meldon

Masters Theses

This thesis illustrates the accomplishments and challenges of enhancing accessibility across the national parks, at the same time that great need to diversify the parks and their interpretation of American disability history remains. Chapters describe the administrative history of the NPS Accessibility Program (1979-present), exploring the decisions from both within and outside the federal agency, to break physical and programmatic barriers to make parks more inclusive for people with sensory, physical, and cognitive disabilities; and provide a case study of the Home of Franklin D. Roosevelt National Historic Site (HOFR) in New York. The case study describes the creation of …


The Saga Of American Catholicism: Family As Microcosm, Kathrine Esten Jun 2019

The Saga Of American Catholicism: Family As Microcosm, Kathrine Esten

University of Massachusetts Undergraduate History Journal

The story of American Catholicism since the 19th century is one of social isolation, family devotion, and strict religious doctrine. In contrast, this story is also one of progressive development, Americanization, and the creation of a unique American Catholic identity, even if unintended by the Church. Combining a historical analysis of Catholic movements in the 19th and 20th centuries for Catholic immigrants and their descendants in the Northeastern United States with personal interviews of late 20th century members of my own Catholic family, I argue that the decreasing reliance of later generations of Catholics on Church authority, coupled with friction …


Putin El Caudillo, Kyran Schnur Jun 2019

Putin El Caudillo, Kyran Schnur

University of Massachusetts Undergraduate History Journal

This paper examines the historical development of the relationship between the Putin regime in Russia and the Chávez and Maduro regimes in Venezuela. Key differences and similarities in their foreign and domestic policies are explored, as well as how they interact with each other on the world stage. It makes the case that chavismo in Venezuela has lead to increasingly autocratic policies as oil prices have declined and leadership has changed hands, changing the character of Venezuela and Russia’s relationship into one that closely resembles the patron-client relationships of Latin American caudillismo.


Wreckless Endangerment: How Nuclear Weapons Affected Us And Soviet Foreign Policy 1945-1962, Conor Morrissey Jun 2019

Wreckless Endangerment: How Nuclear Weapons Affected Us And Soviet Foreign Policy 1945-1962, Conor Morrissey

University of Massachusetts Undergraduate History Journal

This paper seeks to answer the question of how the development of nuclearweapons changed the nature of warfare, diplomacy, and international relations. It frames thehistorical context in which these weapons were invented, how they were used to achieve militarygoals, and asks ethical and moralistic questions about how they changed the way global affairswere conducted. The focus of this paper begins with the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945, and ends with the Cuban missile crisis in October 1962. This seventeen-year period marks the era of the Cold War upon which nuclear weapons had the most pronounced and profound …


The Absence Of Clarity And The Effects On Minorities, Zachary Lavoie Jun 2019

The Absence Of Clarity And The Effects On Minorities, Zachary Lavoie

University of Massachusetts Undergraduate History Journal

This paper involves discovering how the lack of clarity in the American refugee policy post-World War II affected members of multiple minorities: namely Jews, suspected Communists, and homosexuals. The goal is to show that the lack of clarity in American policy and pre-established prejudice were factors that encouraged nativism and xenophobia within the American people. This has been done by examining secondary sources of analyses given by historians like Carl Bon Tempo and Torrie Hester, and by also drawing on primary news articleswritten from 1948 to 1980. Upon examination of these sources, it became clear that the uncertain refugee policy …


Bose’S Revolution: How Axis-Sponsored Propaganda Inflamed Nationalism In Wartime India, Michael Connors Jun 2019

Bose’S Revolution: How Axis-Sponsored Propaganda Inflamed Nationalism In Wartime India, Michael Connors

University of Massachusetts Undergraduate History Journal

After decades of subjugation under the British crown, India’s leaders at the onset ofthe Second World War were split on how to handle nationalist sentiment in their country. Part ofthe Indian National Congress, an independence-focused political party, these leaders werehighly aware of the reality where many common Indian citizens would shed blood for a king thatwould not validate India as an independent state. Since negotiation seemed to prove fruitless, Subhas Chandra Bose, a savvy Indian political leader, decided action must be taken to remove the British Raj. In order to weaken British authority, Bose split from the INC — forming …


Enemies Or Saviors: The Complications Of Resisting Revolution, Michael Chrzanowski Jun 2019

Enemies Or Saviors: The Complications Of Resisting Revolution, Michael Chrzanowski

University of Massachusetts Undergraduate History Journal

Domestic opposition to the government in Paris was a constant throughout theFrench Revolution. Although the revolutionary government repressed each instance of unrest,the various opposition movements’ motivations and goals provide a lens through which wecan re-evaluate the values of liberty, equality, and justice that revolutionaries articulated.One domestic opposition movement, the Federalist Revolt of 1793, had major significance for the course of the Revolution. The Federalist Revolt raised questions about fundamental aspects of the Revolution itself: who were the sovereign people? Who claimed to represent the people?Was violence integral to claiming sovereignty? I explore a number of aspects of the FederalistRevolt. Why …


Combining Active Learning Exercises, Blake Spitz Jan 2019

Combining Active Learning Exercises, Blake Spitz

University Libraries Presentations Series

This lightning talk offers an example of combining active learning exercises to achieve multiple learning outcomes (some simple, such as resource identification, and some more complex, such as understanding archival silences and power dynamics in research access). The class was in Special Collections, but the active learning exercises – one a version of “speed-dating,” and the other a version of exhibit or bibliography curation – could easily be used in a more general library information literacy class. These activities are not new, but I had never combined them in this way before, and I have found, as a result, that …