History Commons^™

The Bluff And Blanding Fights: Race, Religion, And Settler Colonialism In Progressive-Era America, Reilly Ben Hatch

History ETDs

This project uses the Bluff War of 1915 and the Posey War of 1923—both of which took place in southeastern Utah—to look at the complex relationship between race, religion, and culture in American Indian policy at the beginning of the twentieth century. It shows how White Mesa Utes, local Mormon settlers, the federal government, and Progressive activists used the conflicts to argue the place of Indians in a “frontier-less” America. It also examines the complex relationship between Mormons and Indians and draws conclusions on how that relationship was influenced by an American government which sought to assimilate “others” into the …

Beach Bodies: Gender And The Beach In American Culture, 1880-1940, Margaret Elena Depond

History ETDs

This dissertation argues that American beaches, within the world of leisure and pleasure, were significant contested spaces of social change and debate. Overtime, from about 1880 to 1940, social restrictions loosened at the beach, allowing men, women, and people of color to express themselves in ways that had been previously controlled, curtailed, or proscribed. The emergence of mass popular amusements at the beach attracted a wide array of the American population. Both working-class and middle-class Americans absorbed the culture of new beach attractions, such as amusement parks, piers, boardwalks, and bathhouses. In doing so, they interacted more with each other …

Contested Education, Continuity, And Change In Arizona And New Mexico, 1945-2010, Stephen D. Mandrgoc

History ETDs

Sibling states split from the original New Mexico Territory, Arizona and New Mexico are neighbors geographically but very different otherwise: in how they were founded, in their ethnic makeup, in their sociocultural values, and in the forms of structural racism that are part of this history of both states. Mexican American residents who found themselves suddenly American citizens struggled in response to discrimination aimed at “Mexicans” by their Anglo American neighbors fueled by racist stereotypes built on the Spanish Black Legend and the mythology of the Alamo in Texas. Above all, Mexican Americans contested Anglo Americans for the right for …

Blackdom: Interpreting The Hidden History Of New Mexico's Black Town, Austin J. Miller

History ETDs

This master’s thesis recovers the history of Blackdom, New Mexico. Founded by an African American family from Georgia, Blackdom is a ghost town that existed in the early decades of the twentieth century near Roswell, New Mexico. Blackdom was initially imagined as both a refuge from the hostilities of Jim Crow society and as a for-profit enterprise. Entanglement in land-fraud scandals hindered the town’s early development, but Blackdom eventually grew to nearly three hundred residents, with its own school, Baptist church, post office, and general store. Blackdom settlers practiced a variety of agricultural methods, including dry farming and irrigation from …

The Politics Of Religion: The Irish And Protestant Dispute Over Housing In Derry, Northern Ireland And South Boston, Massachusetts, 1920–1960, Aleja N. Allen, Aleja N. Allen

History ETDs

In the latter half of the twentieth century, subsidized housing created a system of religious and racial segregation in the cities of Derry, Northern Ireland and South Boston, Massachusetts. In the following thesis, the housing projects of the Creggan Estates in Derry and the housing projects Old Colony and Old Harbor in South Boston will be the case studies for identifying the historical similarities between these two cities. By examining how the respective governments in each country used housing to achieve said segregation, it will help to identify why in the latter half of the twentieth century, Irish American Catholics …

Bloody Bay: Grassroots Policeways, Community Control, And Power In San Francisco And Its Hinterlands, 1846-1915, Darren A. Raspa

History ETDs

“Bloody Bay: Grassroots Policeways, Community Control, and Power in San Francisco and its Hinterlands, 1846–1915” follows the history of San Francisco’s spectrum of formal and informal policing from the American takeover of California in 1846 during the U.S.–Mexico War to Police Commissioner Jesse B. Cook’s nationwide law enforcement advisory team tour in 1912 and San Francisco’s debut as the Jewel of a new American Pacific world during the Panama Pacific International Exposition in 1915. These six decades functioned as a unique period wherein a culture of popular justice and grassroots community peacekeeping were fostered. This policing environment was forged in …

"Not Your Mother's Pta": Women's Political Activism In Twentieth-Century America, Jennifer Lynn Mcpherson

History ETDs

Not Your Mother’s PTA: Women’s Political Activism in Twentieth-Century America provides the first in-depth study of women’s political activism in the National PTA and its local PTA units. It closely examines how women integrated themselves and their ideas on women’s and children’s welfare reform into government from the 1890s through the 1970s. This project explores the resources, strategies, and methods used by PTA women working for women and children’s interests at the local and national level, primarily in public schools and government agencies. Not Your Mother’s PTA challenges the subtext of the PTA mother/housewife and shows how women used the …

Kit Carson's Last Fight: The Adobe Walls Campaign Of 1864, David A. Pafford

History ETDs

In the fall of 1864, Brigadier General James H. Carleton sent Kit Carson and about four hundred men on a punitive campaign against the Kiowa and Comanche Indians of the high plains. The resulting battle was one of the largest in the history of North American Indian Wars. Yet this conflict has been relegated to historical obscurity.

In this paper, I examine why Kit Carson’s 1864 Adobe Walls Campaign remains obscure, I measure the success of the mission, and place it in the larger context of nineteenth century Indian Wars, particularly those prosecuted against Plains tribes.

"For The Best Interests Of The Community": The Origins And Impact Of The Women's Suffrage Movement In New Mexico, 1900-1930, Janine A. Young

History ETDs

This study traces the history of the women's suffrage movement in New Mexico from 1900 to 1930. The movement in the state was an urban phenomenon. City life provided women the opportunity to organize and engage in reform work outside their homes. The suffragists were concerned primarily with various problems in their urban communities. The suffrage movement in New Mexico, therefore, occurred because of local concerns and not national ones.

Beginning around 1900, middle class urban women in New Mexico formed various organizations to work for the improvement of their communities. Their main concerns fell within women's separate sphere. Female …

The Rise And Fall Of Army Preeminence In Cuba, 1868-1958, Louis A. Pérez

History ETDs

This is a study of the emergence of military hegemony in twentieth century Cuba, The contours of the Republic's history offers a sharply defined periodization within which to study army ascendancy. More specifically, the island entered nationhood with­out an army; within little more than three decades, the military institution exercised unchallenged national authority. Thirty years later the armed forces collapsed.

The Cuban army emerged initially as a military response to the problem of political instability. In the course of two armed interventions (1898-1902 and 1906-1909), United States military and political administrators saw in the Cuban armed forces an effec­tive agency …

British Travelers Among The Southern Indians, 1660-1763, J. Ralph Randolph

History ETDs

The subject of this study is the reactions and obser­vations of British travelers who between 1660 and 1763 visited the American Indians located between the Ohio River and Spanish Florida and the Atlantic coast and the Mississippi River, It examines the reasons for the trips, the socio-economic back­grounds of the men, the tribes visited, and the quality and quantity of the Whites' comments.

The nearly fifty British subjects who are known to have traveled among the Southern Indians were diverse. Only about one-third of them made journeys specifically to visit native Americans, Slightly fewer than half of the Whites encountered …

The Role Of The United States In The Adolfo De La Huerta Rebellion, 1923-1924, William G. Best

History ETDs

Preface:

In December 1923 Adolfo de la Huerta led a rebellion against the government of President Alvaro Obregón. It lasted into the last three months of 1924 and culminated in the total defeat of the rebels. The United States at once came to the support of Obregón and sided his government with munitions shipments, an embargo on arms against the rebels, naval demonstrations aimed at frustrating the naval operations of the rebels, and diplomatic services and support.

The main focus of this study is the position and participation of the United States in the la Huerta rebellion. It is not …

Facundo Melgares And The Northern Frontier Of New Spain, Thomas M. Bolkan

History ETDs

This thesis deals with the military career and New Mexico governorship of Facundo Malgares. His career, from approximately 1800 to 1822, after Mexico had become independent of Spain, illustrated the operation of Spanish institutions during the last days of Spanish rule in the northern interior province of Mexico. Of special importance were problems associated with Spanish-Italian and Anglo-Spanish relations when the Indian was still powerful and the United States was beginning its westward expansion. Spanish land policy in New Mexico and its continued effect on individual holdings after United States possession was and continues to be important in New Mexico. …

Frontier Problems In New Mexico Preceding The Mexican War, 1840-1846, Ward Alan Minge

History ETDs

The original intent of this paper was to examine some phase of the interrelationship of the Mexican, Indian, and United States' cultures in New Mexico during the two decades of Mexico administration. Research soon revealed that cultural conflicts only contributed their share to the problems which existed on this frontier. Identification of the problem areas narrowed the period of interest of the few years preceding the "bloodless conquest" of New Mexico by the United States. These years, roughly from 1840 to 1846, saw the culmination of a combination of circumstances over which New Mexican officials had little or no control. …

The Alien Registration Act Of 1940, Carol R. Rice

History ETDs

The purpose of this thesis is to discuss the various factors which led to the passage of the Smith Act. Into this consideration will enter the numerous bills introduced during the decade, the congressional investigating committee, and their reports.

Statehood For New Mexico, 1888-1912, Robert W. Larson

History ETDs

Because of her long history, far more tumultuous and varied than that of the other territories; and her culture, so different from all the rest of the United States, New Mexico was the most intriguing and challenging of the western territories. Modern American history has paralleled this unique past by showing that New Mexico, along with her sister territory Arizona, fought the longest and most complex battle for statehood. In the 1880's New Mexico was one of the many territories in the western domain in the United States. In fact, statehood in the west was the exception rather than the …

Federal Military Agencies, 1861-1865, Irwin L. Nolan

History ETDs

The Civil War in the United States was a gigantic moral and physical effort that has elicited the feelings of hundreds of its participants and thousands of its students. Yet, in all of the treatment of the conflict, a dearth of information is available on the informational agencies that contributed to the Union military victory. No historian to date has chosen to publish a definitive study of these agencies and it is the hope here that some light can be shed on four types of organizations that were, for the most part, developed as a result of the war. This …

Agitators: Long, Townsend, And Coughlin Versus The New Deal--1932 Through 1936, Richard L. Lunt

History ETDs

In the first years of the Great Depression of the 1930's there were many political agitators of a near lunatic nature whose demagogic appeal found a sympathetic ear among troubled Americans. Probably the most significant of these agitators were Huey Long, Father Charles E. Coughlin, and Dr. Francis E. Townsend. Certainly they were the only ones who succeeded in a anyway to promote their particular causes on a national scale. In addition, these three men, or their followers, attempted to unite into a Union Party in 1936.

If these men were of any political significance, they should have either aided …

Joint Statehood: 1906, Donald J. Leopard

History ETDs

In this discussion of joint statehood for the Territories of Arizona and New Mexico, the primary purpose has been to show the particular attitudes and activities surrounding the jointure campaign in the Territory of New Mexico. This limitation of scope is particularly dictated by the fact that the national aspects of the campaign has received sufficient emphasis in other works and partly because the discovery of new materials has prompted an intensive rather than an extensive survey of Territorial politics. The goal is to explain the reason for the acceptance, by a wide majority of votes, or jointure in the …

Development Of Charles A. Beard's Ideas On American Foreign Policy, Paul Lynn Schmunk

History ETDs

The purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate the development of Charles A. Beard's foreign policy views. This problem necessitates not only an analysis of Beard's ideas relative to foreign policy, but also the illustration of how his viewpoints on domestic policy were inseparable from those on foreign affairs

A History Of Miracles In New Mexico, Annette Nichols

History ETDs

The intention of this study is to demonstrate the nature of miracles in New Mexico&mdashtheir social significances as related to the cultural background.

Questions of importance are: What is a miracle? Do miracles actually occur? How can the existence of such miraculous intervention be proved? None of these queries can be answered positively, except insofar as they exist in the minds and religions of those who believe in them. Objectively, the social activities of believers is evidenced in their beliefs. Miracles are part of the social customs and institutions. Whatever substantiation of a miracle there is must rest with the …

History Of Fort Union, New Mexico, Thomas J. Mclaughlin

History ETDs

Through the acquisition of the Territory of New Mexico, the United States fell heir to a problem different from any that it had encountered in any previous advance of the frontier. During the settlement of the area east of the Mississippi River it made little difference where, or how many, military posts were established once the plenitude of navigable rivers made their supply and upkeep a relatively inexpensive matter. The fertile lands of the region soon enabled a settlement to develop near the post which provided protection and a market for the surplus of a growing community. Within a few …

Brazilian-American Cooperation: 1940-1945, Oscar Matasar

History ETDs

In looking retrospectively at the scope and nature of Brazilian-American cooperation during the war years, 1939-1945, one finds confirmation again of the traditional friendship of the two nations. This friendship, which began in the early history of Brazil as an independent nation, found many avenues of mutual expression. While the United States had in prospect evaluated Brazil's strategic position geographically, her expectations for economic help were more than realized by Brazil's readiness and ability to give timely and valuable aid. That both nations mutually benefited there can be no doubt. Each by helping the other had in effect made for …

The Ponca Indian Commission Of 1880 And 1881, Harriett Fisher Mckinley

History ETDs

The [Ponca Indian Commission] controversy originated in an error--the giving of the Ponca lands to the Sioux in the Treaty of 1868--unexplained to this day--which for a brief period of time caused much suffering and hardship to a small group of peaceful Indians. In payment for their tribulations, however, the Ponca not only obtained unusual notoriety, but an ample monetary compensation from Congress and two large-sized reservations...On the legal side, we find the decisions declaring an Indian capable of obtaining a writ of habeas corpus.

New Mexico's Struggles For Statehood, 1903-1907, Mary J. Masters

History ETDs

In a study of New Mexico's efforts to win statehood, the joint statehood period (1903 to 1907) presents unusual interest. It was during these years that an attempt was made on the part of the administration and certain congressional leaders to unite New Mexico and Arizona and admit them as one state. The period is a distinct episode in the struggle of New Mexico for admission in the union.

It is the purpose of this paper to trace the story of jointure, to discuss the origin of the policy, and to analyze the arguments of the opposing factions. Frequent reference …

The Opposition To Statehood Within The Territory Of New Mexico, 1888-1903, Archie M. Mcdowell

History ETDs

The purpose of this thesis is to identify indications of opposition to statehood within New Mexico between the years 1888 and 1902. The sources of information were newspapers of the territory published during those years, government documents, letters and several other miscellaneous sources.

The first chapter of the thesis [discusses] the nature and scope of the endeavor, with the attitude of political parties and leaders, both national and within the territory; the events occurring during the elimination of New Mexico from the Omnibus bill; and gives a summary of the reasons generally advanced in favor of admission.

The second chapter …

The Statehood Policy Of Albert J. Beveridge: 1901-1911, Charles Edgar Maddox

History ETDs

This thesis will examine the personality and policy of Albert J. Beveridge, of Indiana, in his role as Chairman of the Senate Committee on Territories from 1901 to 1911. Particular emphasis is placed upon his attitude toward the admission into the Union of three territories, New Mexico, Arizona, and Oklahoma. This, therefore, is an effort to disclose the motives, methods, and theories which determined and characterized Beveridge's statehood policy.