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Articles 1 - 14 of 14

Full-Text Articles in History

“A Freedom Rider Before Freedom Rides:” Jackie Robinson Beyond Baseball, Amy Elizabeth Cantrell Jun 2023

“A Freedom Rider Before Freedom Rides:” Jackie Robinson Beyond Baseball, Amy Elizabeth Cantrell

Gettysburg College Headquarters

This paper seeks to evaluate the historical discourse surrounding the narrative of Jackie Robinson. Famed for being the first African American player to break the long withstanding color barrier in professional sports, a vast majority of discussion surrounding his story has centered solely on his athletic prowess and triumphs. However, as this paper will explore, Jackie Robinson’s contributions to the wider framework of racial equality and civil rights within America extend far beyond the baseball diamond. Evaluating both his laurels as an activist and socio-political figure as well as how these merits have been depicted, or neglected, in media representations …


History And Implications Of The Missouri Test-Oath Case, Matthew X. Wilson May 2023

History And Implications Of The Missouri Test-Oath Case, Matthew X. Wilson

The Gettysburg College Journal of the Civil War Era

Cummings v. Missouri (1867) is often overlooked in modern legal history, and very little scholarly literature exists chronicling the case’s implications for contemporary constitutional jurisprudence. When awareness does exist, there is a tendency to classify Cummings as simply a Civil War-era religious liberty case—a mischaracterization which reflects a fundamental misunderstanding of the ruling’s background and modern relevance. In reality, born out of post-war paranoia over loyalty and past Confederate allegiances, the Cummings case is most notable as landmark judicial precedent in defining the U.S. Constitution’s proscriptions of bills of attainder and ex post facto laws, and possesses very little significance …


Chaos In Congress: Masculinity And Violence In The Congressional Struggle Over Kansas, Ian L. Baumer May 2023

Chaos In Congress: Masculinity And Violence In The Congressional Struggle Over Kansas, Ian L. Baumer

The Gettysburg College Journal of the Civil War Era

According to Joanne Freeman's recent book on congressional violence, in the years between 1830 and 1860, members of Congress engaged in 'manly' violence against one another more than seventy times. However, no issue caused more violent personal disputes in the legislature than slavery. In particular, the debate over the legal status of slavery in the Kansas Territory caused a panoply of incidents in Congress, including near-duel between John C. Breckinridge and Francis Cutting in 1854, Preston Brooks' caning of Charles Sumner in 1856, and a brawl in the House of Representatives in 1858. This article examines how these lawmakers' views …


A Stolen Ship: Robert Smalls’ Daring Escape To Freedom, Riley M. Neubauer May 2023

A Stolen Ship: Robert Smalls’ Daring Escape To Freedom, Riley M. Neubauer

The Gettysburg College Journal of the Civil War Era

This paper discusses Robert Smalls’ daring escape to freedom on the morning of May 13, 1862. Smalls was an enslaved worker on the Confederate ship the Planter. Along with other enslaved members of the Planter’s crew, Smalls commandeered the ship and sailed past Confederate forts and ships in the Charleston Harbor until they reached the Union. I argue that the story of Robert Smalls validates arguments that enslaved people were not bystanders in the quest for emancipation; rather, the unique circumstances of the Civil War and the morning of May 13, 1862, allowed Smalls to enact his carefully …


Who Tells Your Story? Microhistory And Historical Biography, Stellarose B. Emery Apr 2023

Who Tells Your Story? Microhistory And Historical Biography, Stellarose B. Emery

Student Publications

The historical method of microhistory is a small discipline that is often disputed on whether autobiography and biography are forms of microhistory; using the life of Father Richard T. McSorley as a reference, this paper seeks to address how both forms of narrative are microhistories and how they influence legacy.


Gettysburg College Life In Fall 1963, Mary Huegel Feb 2023

Gettysburg College Life In Fall 1963, Mary Huegel

CAFE Symposium 2023

The 1960s were a tumultuous decade full of social change and political conflict. This project explores Gettysburg College life in the fall semester of 1963 from a variety of scopes.


An Expedition To Public Lands, Matthew B. Olsen Feb 2023

An Expedition To Public Lands, Matthew B. Olsen

CAFE Symposium 2023

A look into common ideas appearing in the US public land system. These ideas include "nature as commodity," "nature as unpeopled," and "nature as pristine." The specific areas looked into are Havasu National Wildlife Refuge, Prescott National Forest, Grand Canyon National Park, Gold Butte National Monument, and Death Valley National Park.


Expedition To Washington State: The Pacific Crest Trail, Mt. Rainier, Okanogan-Wenatchee, And Lake Chelan, Riley J. Nolan Feb 2023

Expedition To Washington State: The Pacific Crest Trail, Mt. Rainier, Okanogan-Wenatchee, And Lake Chelan, Riley J. Nolan

CAFE Symposium 2023

Within the United States there are many different agencies that have been tasked with the management of America's Public Lands. Due to America's unique inception, there are many different ideas and concepts that affect how we view these same land units today. This poster delves into four specific land units in Washington State (The Pacific Crest National Trail, the Lake Chelan National Recreation Area, The Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest, and Mount Rainier National Park) to discuss each area's history and management issues, as well as discuss the effects of society's preconceived notions on each destination. Finally, the poster also discusses what …


Front Matter Jan 2023

Front Matter

The Gettysburg College Journal of the Civil War Era

No abstract provided.


Letter From The Editors, Brandon Neely, Emily Jumba, Danielle S. Russell Jan 2023

Letter From The Editors, Brandon Neely, Emily Jumba, Danielle S. Russell

The Gettysburg College Journal of the Civil War Era

No abstract provided.


Gettysburg College Journal Of The Civil War Era 2023 Jan 2023

Gettysburg College Journal Of The Civil War Era 2023

The Gettysburg College Journal of the Civil War Era

No abstract provided.


Huelgas En El Campo: Mexican Workers, Strikes And Political Radicalism In The Us Southwest, 1920-1934, Patrick J. Artur Jan 2023

Huelgas En El Campo: Mexican Workers, Strikes And Political Radicalism In The Us Southwest, 1920-1934, Patrick J. Artur

The Gettysburg Historical Journal

The political and economic conditions of Mexican workers in the American Southwest during the Interwar Period, their alignment with American and Mexican radical political traditions, and their labor struggles in the region’s agriculture.


To Bigotry No Sanction, To Persecution No Assistance: Jews In The American Revolutionary Period, Ziv R. Carmi Jan 2023

To Bigotry No Sanction, To Persecution No Assistance: Jews In The American Revolutionary Period, Ziv R. Carmi

The Gettysburg Historical Journal

While Jews were a small minority in the American colonies, they nonetheless participated in the American Revolution on both sides. This paper aims to evaluate the role of Jewish people in the conflict, contextualizing the experiences of this small minority within the larger narrative of the American Revolution and establishing their importance in the development of religious freedom in the United States. Through the examination of these topics, this paper aims to explore the Revolutionary period from the perspective of the Jewish-American, discussing their often-overlooked experiences in this watershed period within U.S. history.


The Reintegration Of The Loyalists In Post-Revolutionary America, Marco J. Lloyd Jan 2023

The Reintegration Of The Loyalists In Post-Revolutionary America, Marco J. Lloyd

The Gettysburg Historical Journal

Most White Loyalists were able to successfully reintegrate into society after the American Revolution. They made their case through decisions to stay and petition for amnesty, which was helped by demonstrating that they embodied republican civic virtues and by making amends with their community. Americans were willing to accept them back into society because of republican ideals, exhaustion from the war, the desire to repair community cohesion, and the social ties that prevailed between both sides throughout the war.