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Articles 1 - 30 of 30
Full-Text Articles in History
"Bind The Republic Together": Immigrant Labor And American Progress, Ryan Dearinger
"Bind The Republic Together": Immigrant Labor And American Progress, Ryan Dearinger
Faculty Publications - Department of History and Politics
Railroad construction labor has historical ties to the worst types of “common” or “unskilled” wage labor and to the labor of enslaved peoples and convicts. It is linked, as well, to canal construction labor. Charles Dickens, writing to a U.S. audience in 1842, noted that without Irish immigrants, “It would be hard to keep your model republics going . . . for who else would dig, delve, and drudge . . . and make canals and railroads, and execute great lines of internal improvement!” Railroad officials and contractors enlisted a moving army of “wild” Irish immigrants and Famine-era refugees, luring …
The United States And The Origins Of The Second World War, Kerry Irish
The United States And The Origins Of The Second World War, Kerry Irish
Faculty Publications - Department of History and Politics
This brief but detailed narrative of the origins of World War II evaluates the claims by both Axis and Allied powers that they were fighting a just war.
The Great Awakening And The Coming Of The American Revolution, Kerry E. Irish
The Great Awakening And The Coming Of The American Revolution, Kerry E. Irish
Faculty Publications - Department of History and Politics
The “Great Awakening” was a Christian revival of the mid-Eighteenth century. Dozens of travelling preachers, famous and obscure, along with local ministers, called colonial Americans to a stronger and deeper Christian faith. The Great Awakening was also a trans-Atlantic event. Charles and John Wesley were leaders of the awakening in England. But it was in America where the movement would have its most profound expression and impact. For the Great Awakening, along with the philosophic and scientific developments of the Enlightenment, transformed American culture socially and politically, setting the stage for the American Revolution.
Thanksgiving: Facts And Fantasies, Kerry Irish
Thanksgiving: Facts And Fantasies, Kerry Irish
Faculty Publications - Department of History and Politics
No abstract provided.
The Shifting Sands Of American Indian Education In The Northwestern United States, Patricia Hornback
The Shifting Sands Of American Indian Education In The Northwestern United States, Patricia Hornback
Faculty Publications - Department of History and Politics
This article is intended to provide an overview of significant historical influences affecting American Indian education and to identify encouraging emerging trends in American Indian education in the Northwest. An overview of historically significant approaches to federal American Indian education is discussed. Specific examples of encouraging trends in increased tribal involvement observed in federal Bureau of Indian Education (BIE) and Northwest public school districts are provided. Examples include educational partnerships with the Navajo Nation as well as Northwest tribes such as the Lummi Nation, Spokane Indian Tribe, Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde, and the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs.
The Myth Of The Founders' Deism (Chapter One Of Did America Have A Christian Founding?, Mark David Hall
The Myth Of The Founders' Deism (Chapter One Of Did America Have A Christian Founding?, Mark David Hall
Faculty Publications - Department of History and Politics
Excerpt: "Scholars and popular authors regularly assert that America's founders were deists. They support these claims by describing the religious views of the following men: Benjamin Franklin, George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, Thomas Paine, Alexander Hamilton, and Ethan Allen. On rare occasion, they reach beyond this select fraternity to include another founder, and they almost inevitably concede that not all founders were as enlightened as the ones they profile. However, they leave the distinct impression that most founders, and certainly the important ones, were deists."
The Second Great Awakening And The Making Of Modern America, Kerry Irish
The Second Great Awakening And The Making Of Modern America, Kerry Irish
Faculty Publications - Department of History and Politics
In the decades before the Civil War which began in 1861, the Second Great Awakening was the most powerful social movement in America. It inspired the conversion of millions of Americans to faith in Jesus Christ. And that faith motivated many of those people to attempt to transform the moral habits of the nation. Slavery was ended, consumption of alcohol reduced, women’s rights, though often opposed by people of faith, were set on a path that would result in woman’s suffrage in the early Twentieth century. A host of other reforms, too many to list, were instigated. It is not …
Whose Rebellion? Reformed Resistance Theory In America: Part Ii, Sarah Morgan Smith, Mark David Hall
Whose Rebellion? Reformed Resistance Theory In America: Part Ii, Sarah Morgan Smith, Mark David Hall
Faculty Publications - Department of History and Politics
Students of the American Founding routinely assert that America's civic leaders were influenced by secular Lockean political ideas, especially on the question of resistance to tyrannical authority. In the first part of this series, we showed that virtually all Reformed writers, from Calvin to the end of the Glorious Revolution, agreed that tyrants could be actively resisted. The only debated question was who could resist them. In this essay, we contend that the Reformed approach to active resistance had an important influence on how America's Founders responded to perceived tyrannical actions by Parliament and the Crown.
Whose Rebellion? Reformed Resistance Theory In America: Part I, Sarah Morgan Smith, Mark Hall
Whose Rebellion? Reformed Resistance Theory In America: Part I, Sarah Morgan Smith, Mark Hall
Faculty Publications - Department of History and Politics
Students of the American Founding routinely assert that America's civic leaders were influenced by secular Lockean political ideas, especially on the question of resistance to tyrannical authority. Yet virtually every political idea usually attributed to John Locke was alive and well among Reformed political thinkers decades before Locke wrote the Second Treatise. In this two-part essay, we trace just one element of the Reformed political tradition: the question of who may actively and justly resist a tyrant. We focus on the American experience but begin our discussion by considering the early Reformers.
Were Any Of The Founders Deists? (Chapter 5 Of The Wiley Blackwell Companion To Religion And Politics In The U.S.), Mark David Hall
Were Any Of The Founders Deists? (Chapter 5 Of The Wiley Blackwell Companion To Religion And Politics In The U.S.), Mark David Hall
Faculty Publications - Department of History and Politics
Excerpt: "Scholars and popular authors regularly assert that the founders were deists. For instance, historian Frank Lambert asserts that the “significance of the Enlightenment and Deism for the birth of the American republic, and especially the relationship between church and state within it, can hardly be overstated.” Law professor Geoffrey R. Stone similarly contends that “deistic beliefs played a central role in the framing of the American republic … [and the] founding generation viewed religion, and particularly religion’s relation to government, through an Enlightenment lens that was deeply skeptical of orthodox Christianity.” For a final example, the dean of American …
Madison’S Memorial And Remonstrance, Jefferson’S Statute For Religious Liberty, And The Creation Of The First Amendment, Mark Hall
Faculty Publications - Department of History and Politics
Jurists, scholars, and popular writers routinely assert that the men who framed and ratified the First Amendment were influenced by James Madison’s Memorial and Remonstrance (1785) and Thomas Jefferson’s Statute for Religious Liberty (1786). In this essay I demonstrate that there is little evidence to support these claims. Because these documents represent only one approach to church-state relations in the era, jurists and others who believe that the religion clauses should be interpreted in light of the founders’ views need to look well beyond these texts if they want to understand the First Amendment’s “generating history.”
Vindiciae, Contra Tyrannos: The Influence Of The Reformed Tradition In The American Founding (Chapter 2 Of Faith And The Founders Of The American Republic), Mark David Hall
Faculty Publications - Department of History and Politics
In his magisterial history of religion in America, Yale historian Sydney Ahlstrom estimated that the Reformed tradition was “the religious heritage of three-fourths of the American people in 1776.” This chapter traces the development of Reformed or Calvinist political thought from John Calvin to the American founding. It highlights ways in which Reformed ideas and concerns exacerbated tensions between the American colonies and Great Britain, provided a theological rationale for resisting British rule, and proposed a political framework for republican self-government.
Wampum, Tawagonshi, And The Two Row Belt, Paul Otto
Wampum, Tawagonshi, And The Two Row Belt, Paul Otto
Faculty Publications - Department of History and Politics
This essay outlines the early history of wampum, explaining its origin, its value to Native Americans, and its first observations by Europeans. It then considers how wampum, as it existed in the 1610s, fits the role of wampum as described in the Tawagonshi document and fits with its manifestation in the Two Row Belt. The essay argues that key elements in the Tawagonshi document and the Two Row Belt itself are inconsistent with wampum use as recorded in archaeological, documentary, and visual sources. This finding does not discount the possibility of a Dutch-Native agreement similar to the one recorded in …
Common Practices And Mutual Misunderstandings: Henry Hudson, Native Americans, And The Birth Of New Netherland, Paul Otto
Faculty Publications - Department of History and Politics
No abstract provided.
Reformed Political Theory In The American Founding (Chapter Two Of Roger Sherman And The Creation Of The American Republic), Mark David Hall
Reformed Political Theory In The American Founding (Chapter Two Of Roger Sherman And The Creation Of The American Republic), Mark David Hall
Faculty Publications - Department of History and Politics
This chapter provides an overview of the Calvinist world into which Sherman was born and raised. It offers an introduction to Reformed political theory, and sketches its transmission from Europe to America. It considers and rejects the possibility that the founders were significantly influenced by a secularized Lockean liberalism. It concludes by demonstrating, contrary to assertions by many scholars, that Sherman was a serious Calvinist.
Kidd's "God Of Liberty: A Religious History Of The American Revolution"- Book Review, Mark Hall
Kidd's "God Of Liberty: A Religious History Of The American Revolution"- Book Review, Mark Hall
Faculty Publications - Department of History and Politics
No abstract provided.
Wampum: The Transfer And Creation Of Rituals On The Early American Frontier, Paul Otto
Wampum: The Transfer And Creation Of Rituals On The Early American Frontier, Paul Otto
Faculty Publications - Department of History and Politics
No abstract provided.
Justice, Law, And The Creation Of The American Republic: The Forgotten Legacy Of James Wilson, Mark Hall
Justice, Law, And The Creation Of The American Republic: The Forgotten Legacy Of James Wilson, Mark Hall
Faculty Publications - Department of History and Politics
James Wilson was one of six men to sign both the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States. In the Federal Convention of 1787, he spoke more often than all but one other delegate (Gouverneur Morris), and by all accounts he played a critical role in framing the Constitution. His early defense of the proposed Constitution and his leadership in the Pennsylvania ratifying convention did much to secure the document's acceptance. Wilson served as one of the new nation's first Supreme Court Justices, and his Lectures on Law contain some of the period's most profound commentary on …
Intercultural Relations Between Natives And Europeans In New Netherland And New York, Paul Otto
Intercultural Relations Between Natives And Europeans In New Netherland And New York, Paul Otto
Faculty Publications - Department of History and Politics
No abstract provided.
Jeffersonian Walls And Madisonian Lines: The Supreme Court’S Use Of History In Religion Clause Cases, Mark Hall
Jeffersonian Walls And Madisonian Lines: The Supreme Court’S Use Of History In Religion Clause Cases, Mark Hall
Faculty Publications - Department of History and Politics
In Everson v. Board of Education (1947), Justice Wiley Rutledge observed that '[n]o provision of the Constitution is more closely tied to or given content by its generating history than the religious clause of the First Amendment. It is at once the refined product and the terse summation of that history.' Scholars and activists argue about the relevance or irrelevance of the Supreme Court’s use of history in general, and the extent to which Justices are good historians. These debates have been particularly furious with respect to the Court’s use of history in religion clause cases. Although broad claims are …
Trade (Chapter 2 Of The Dutch-Munsee Encounter In America: The Struggle For Sovereignty In The Hudson Valley), Paul Otto
Faculty Publications - Department of History and Politics
"Just as word of Hudson's arrival must have spread among the Indians, so too did news of his discovery spread in Europe. Motivated by the 1deals of material acquisition and driven by economic forces in Europe, Dutch merchants in Amsterdam wasted no time in dispatching trade expeditions after learning of the newly discovered lands and the valuable supply of furs in the Hudson River region. The Munsees, already engaged in trade with other native peoples throughout northeastern North America, welcomed the new source and availability of goods and provided a nexus through which Europeans would have access to Indian markets …
Review Of Shorto's "The Island At The Center Of The World: The Epic Story Of Dutch Manhattan And The Forgotten Colony That Shaped America", Paul Otto
Faculty Publications - Department of History and Politics
No abstract provided.
In The Twilight Of Dooyeweerd’S Corpus: The Publishing History Of In The Twilight Of Western Thought And The Future Of Dooyeweerd Studies, Paul Otto
Faculty Publications - Department of History and Politics
No abstract provided.
James Wilson: Presbyterian, Anglican, Thomist, Or Deist?: Does It Matter? (Chapter 7 Of The Founders On God And Government), Mark Hall
Faculty Publications - Department of History and Politics
Excerpt: "James Wilson is buried in America's Westminster Abby-Christ Church, Philadelphia. This Anglican church is only blocks away from the First Presbyterian church in Philadelphia, where Wilson rented a pew until the end of his life. Some scholars report that Wilson joined the Anglican Communion in 1778, perhaps at the behest of one his best friends, William White, the first Anglican bishop of Philadelphia. Others claim he that never abandoned the Presbyterianism of his native Scotland. Still others pay no attention to his denominational commitments, arguing that he was actually a Thornist or a deist. Finally, some scholars say nothing …
James Wilson's Law Lectures, Mark David Hall
James Wilson's Law Lectures, Mark David Hall
Faculty Publications - Department of History and Politics
Excerpt: "A major problem faced by students of political theory, philosophy, or law in the founding era is that many of America's intellectual leaders did not write systematic essays or books. Accordingly, scholars often have to reconstruct their subjects' thoughts based on their actions, contributions to public debates (e.g., speeches in conventions and newspaper articles), and private correspondence. Works like Jefferson's Notes on Virginia, Adams's Thoughts on Government, and The Federalist Papers are partial exceptions to this rule, and scholars have made good use of them. Perhaps the clearest exception to the rule, however, is James Wilson's series of law …
Clarence Dill's West: Building Dams And Dreams, Kerry Irish
Clarence Dill's West: Building Dams And Dreams, Kerry Irish
Faculty Publications - Department of History and Politics
No abstract provided.
The Water Rises: Clarence C. Dills Battle For Grand Coulee Dam, Kerry Irish
The Water Rises: Clarence C. Dills Battle For Grand Coulee Dam, Kerry Irish
Faculty Publications - Department of History and Politics
No abstract provided.
The Water Rises: Franklin Roosevelt, Clarence Dill, And The Building Of Grand Coulee Dam - Chapter 9 From "Clarence C. Dill: The Life Of A Western Politician", Kerry Irish
Faculty Publications - Department of History and Politics
No abstract provided.
The Wilsonian Dilemma, Mark Hall
The Wilsonian Dilemma, Mark Hall
Faculty Publications - Department of History and Politics
This essay explores James Wilson’s approach to the so-called “Madisonian Dilemma. ” I first explain how the tension between majority rule and minority rights was more extreme for Wilson than for most founders. I then show how his view of human nature and moral epistemology allowed him to resolve the dilemma. Although Wilson’s solution may be less realistic than Madison’s, it is still worthy of serious consideration because of its influence on the creation of America’s constitutional system.
James Wilson, A Man For All Seasons (Chapter 7 Of The Political And Legal Philosophy Of James Wilson 1742-1798), Mark David Hall
James Wilson, A Man For All Seasons (Chapter 7 Of The Political And Legal Philosophy Of James Wilson 1742-1798), Mark David Hall
Faculty Publications - Department of History and Politics
Excerpt: "This work began with the claim that James Wilson was one of the most important, yet one of the most frequently overlooked, founders. It has attempted to demonstrate that he merits examination because of his significant role in the founding period. Wilson's contributions as a member of Congress, constitution maker, law professor, and Supreme Court justice should not be overlooked. But his political significance does not necessarily mean that his political theory is worthy of attention."