History Commons^™

The Archaeology And Paleoecology Of The Aubrey Clovis Site (41dn479) Denton County, Texas, C. Reid Ferring

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This report contains the results of interdisciplinary investigations of the Aubrey Clovis Site (41DN479}, located at Lake Ray Roberts, Denton County, Texas, and conducted by the Center for Environmental Archaeology, University of North Texas for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Fort Worth District. Exposed by construction of the artificial outlet channel for the reservoir, the site is a multi-cluster complex of archaeological features and artifact-fauna! concentrations buried 7-9 meters below the flood plain of the Elm Fork Trinity River. The Clovis-age materials are geologically situated on a paleo surface within a 14 m thick sequence of late Quaternary deposits, …

Houston Area Geoarcheology: A Framework For Archeological Investigation, Interpretation, And Cultural Resource Management In The Houston Highway District, James T. Abbott

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This report represents an examination of geoarcheological issues affecting a six county area in the vicinity of Houston, Texas. The study area includes Harris, Montgomery, Waller, Fort Bend, Brazoria, and Galveston counties (Figure 1), which collectively make up the Houston District, a regional administrative entity of the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). This study represents the first phase of a district-focused geoarcheological program being implemented at TxDOT, with similar studies of other districts to follow . It is intended to familiarize archeologists working in the region with relevant geoarcheological issues, thus serving as a resource for researchers involved in prospection, …

Human Skeletal Remains From 41cp25, The Peach Orchard Overlook Site, And Their Archaeological Context, Diane E. Wilson, Timothy K. Perttula, Bo Nelson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Human skeletal remains analyzed from the Peach Orchard Overlook site (41CP25) were recovered from a burial exposed along the eroding shoreline of Lake Bob Sandlin in the mid-1980s. Although the remains appeared to be from a single individual, a minimum of two individuals were represented by the human remains studied by Wilson; there was also one non-human tooth (possibly a deer molar) that will not be discussed in this article. The human remains described here from the Peach Orchard Overlook site are from an Early Caddoan (ca. A.D. 1000-1200) period component, based on the recovery of Crockett Curvilinear Incised and …

Botanical Materials From The Griffin Mound (41ur142) And Underwood (41cp230) Sites, J. Phil Dering

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This article presents the results of the macrobotanical analysis of samples from two Caddoan archaeological sites in Northeast Texas. Two flotation samples and 34 screen samples were examined from 41 UR 142, the Griffin Mound site, a Middle Caddoan settlement located on a tributary of Little Cypress Creek. Fifteen finescreen samples were examined from 41CP230, the Underwood site. The screen samples from the Underwood site were recovered from a Late Caddoan Titus phase midden on Big Cypress Creek, in the Lake Bob Sandlin area.

Griffin Mound Site (41ur142) Faunal Analyses, Leeanna Schniebs

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The investigation of the Griffin Mound site (41UR142) in the Little Cypress Creek basin in Upshur County, Texas, yielded 394 faunal specimens with a total assemblage weight of 127.71 grams. This sum includes all turtle shell, antler, and bone fragments. Faunal material was recovered from the site surface, four shovel tests, and four units in a 2 x 2 m excavation at this Middle Caddoan site, consisting of midden deposits and a large storage pit feature. The following sections of this article discuss the methods employed in the faunal analysis, results of taxonomic identification and quantification, and distribution of these …

Silica Froth: An Indicator Of Thatch Artchitecture, David H. Jurney, Velicia Bergstrom

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Archaeological reports of silica froth are noted from Kansas to Texas, and are usually interpreted as evidence of burned grass- or cane-thatched buildings. However, many archaeological excavations in the Caddoan region fail to mention this material. Does this reflect idiosyncratic factors in the formation of silica froth, lack of expertise on the part of excavators/analysts, or differential recovery techniques? Archaeological and experimental data indicate that Caddoan houses frequently left silica froth as a residue when they burned. The implications are that archaeologists may be missing this key architectural item and that silica froth may be used to infer the presence …

Archaeological Investigation Of An Oil Well Pad Disturbance At The Tom Moore Site (41pn149), Panola County, Texas, Patti Haskins, Mark Walters, S. Elieen Goldborer

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Tom Moore site (41PN149) is situated on the east slope of a circular-shaped landform at the highest point of a steeply-sloping upland in the Irons Bayou valley in Panola County, Texas. Irons Bayou, 1.2 km to the west of the site, flows east to its confluence with the Sabine River. A small tributary of Irons Bayou is 600 m to the south. Soils here are a brown sandy loam overlying a very hard red clay B-horizon. Like most of East Texas, the land has been farmed previously, as indicated by old plow furrows, and it has reforested naturally in …

Archaeological Investigations And Oxidizable Carbon Ratio Dates From 41rk476, Rusk County, Texas, Mark Walters

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Volunteer survey work on a section of Rabbit Creek in Rusk County, Texas, found a possible buried midden deposit at 41RK476. This ongoing survey, which has resulted in 10 new sites being recorded, was conducted with the assistance of Bryan Boyd, also a member of the Texas Archeological Society and the Texas Archeological Stewards Network. Also aiding with shovel tests were Bo Nelson, Patti Haskins, Tim Perttula, and Bobby Gonzalez. Of particular interest in selecting this area for archaeological survey was the presence of protohistoric Caddo and historic Cherokee Indian groups that have been reported on Rabbit Creek. The creek …

Three Mid-1800s Caddo Vessels From The Brazos Reserve, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Although a considerable body of historic archival and documentary information is available on the Caddo Indian peoples that lived in Texas between ca. 1836 and 1859 -- the removal period -- not much archaeological evidence has been uncovered for their settlements. By the late 1830s and early 1840s, most of the Caddo groups had been removed from Northeast Texas as their traditional homelands were taken and settled by Anglo-American farmers and planters. Instead, they took up residence in Oklahoma, or settled with other affiliated groups (such as the Delaware, Cherokee, and others) on the Brazos River in north central Texas. …

Texas In The Year 1000: What It Was Like Then In East Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This paper summarizes the native history of the Caddo peoples who lived in East Texas in the Year 1000. Of particular focus are the origins and early developments of the Caddoan tradition, regional diversity, subsistence changes and agricultural intensification, and socio-political dynamics.

Prehistoric Ceramic Sherds From 41mm341 On The Little River, Milam County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Site 41MM341 is a stratified Late Prehistoric site along the Little River in Milam County, Texas, not far from the confluence of the Little River and the Brazos River. Calibrated two-sigma radiocarbon dates from Zone 2 (ca. 70-90 em bs) range from AD 660-1190, and one two-sigma calibrated date of AD 1320- 1480 has been obtained from Zone I (0 to ca. 70 em bs). A few ceramic sherds were found in Zone 1 deposits. Based on the Zone 1 calibrated radiocarbon date, Mahoney and Tomka concluded that the latest occupation of 41MM341 took place during the Toyah phase, and …

Initial Findings From The Archeological Investigations Of The Hardin A Site (41gg69), Gregg County, Texas, Bryan E. Boyd, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Hardin A site (41GG69) is a prehistoric Caddo Indian settlement located on a high terrace overlooking the Sabine River flood-plain in Gregg County, Texas. The modem channel of the river is about 650 m to the south, and there is a small, intermittent tributary ca. 180 m to the west. The senior author discovered the Hardin A site in 1997, after he was told about it by informants who were looting a midden and cemetery area, and he formally recorded it in February 2000.

In an effort to better understand the temporal and archeological context of the prehistoric Caddo …

The Eufaula Mound: Contributions To The Spiro Focus, Kenneth G. Orr

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The main aim of the paper is the comparison of two archaeological sites, (1) the Eufaula site of McIntosh County, and (2) the Spiro site of Leflore County, Okla. Purpose of the comparison is to indicate the relationship between the 2 sites, thereby establishing a Spiro Focus, the ramifications and general affiliations of which will be suggested.

The thesis is based on original research coming out of my experience as Project Superintendent of various units of the Oklahoma WP A Project. The Project, sponsored by the university of Oklahoma and directed by Dr. F.E. Clements, has carried on large scale …

Preliminary Report On Cherokee County, Oklahoma Archeology, Lynn E. Howard

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Cherokee County is the latest in the state to have its prehistoric conditions investigated by the Department of Anthropology at the University of Oklahoma, in conjunction with the Federal Works Projects Administration. The preliminary survey located several likely sites. Work was begun in July 1939 on a village site and mound located at the junction of Barren Fork Creek and the Illinois River, on a farm owned by M.L. Brackett. It is located in the southwest quarter of Section 18, Township 16 North, Range 23 East. The symbol for this site is Ck. Bk. 1 (Cherokee County, Brackett site.

Human Effigy Pipes From Spiro Mound, Leflore County, Oklahoma, Sarah White

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Animal and human effigy tobacco pipes are not uncommon in Middle and Lower Mississippi culture sites, but are often rather crudely worked. However, the five human figurine pipes found during the University of Oklahoma - Works Project Administration excavation of the Spiro Mound are unusually perfect specimens of primitive stone sculpture and represent relatively finished examples of prehistoric art. The accompanying pen and ink sketches of these pipes give a general idea of the artistry they represent.

Chemical Analysis Of Caddo Pottery: A Request For Assistance In The Study Of Prehistoric Caddo Trade And Exchange With Their Neighbors, Both Near And Far, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The prehistoric Caddoan archeological record contains a diverse set of evidence on the nature of trade and exchange conducted by the Caddo with their neighbors, both near and far. I am interested in studying the scope, timing, and direction of trade/exchange between Caddo groups and surrounding non-Caddo communities, and in exploring changes in the nature of social and economic relationships between particular Caddo groups and with other prehistoric peoples.

Archeological Investigations On The Weyerhaeuser Land Exchange Sites, Mccurtain County, Oklahoma: An Update, Meeks Etchieson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This paper provides a brief overview of the testing work completed to date on sites within the Tiak Ranger District. Ouachita National Forest. McCurtain County, Oklahoma. This work was part of the requirements outlined in the Programmatic Agreement for the Ouachita National Forest/Weyerhaeuser Company Land Exchange. Nine prehistoric sites have been tested to determine their eligibility for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places. Each site contains a Caddoan component. Six sites are believed to be eligible for listing.

Insect Effigy Pendants, Jesse Todd

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This short paper concerns the presence of zoomorphic pendants on Caddoan sites and the hist my of possible belie ft concerning locusts and cicadas in the southeastern United States. The aspect of pendants used as trade items is mentioned also.

Archaeology Beneath The Greens: An Archaeological Assessment Of 41kr573, 41kr574, And 41kr575 At The Scott Schreiner Municipal Golf Course In Kerrville, Texas, Robert R. Rector

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The 1999 renovations at the Scott Schreiner Municipal Golf Course offer a unique opportunity for both the golfing community and the archaeological researchers involved with prehistoric settlement patterns along tributaries of major rivers in southcentral Texas. For the golfers, an improved course will be available, for archaeological research, a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to evaluate subsurface deposits along Quinlan Creek in downtown Kerrville is available.

Since the golf course was established in 1924, many surface modifications are present. No archaeological investigations have been conducted in the area, however, many artifacts have been recovered by golfers. Through provisions in the Antiquities Code of …

An Archaeological Survey Of Twin Buttes Reservoir, Tom Green County, Texas, Volume Iii, Raymond P. Mauldin, David L. Nickels

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

From December of 1998 through November of 1999, the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR), at The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) conducted a Class III archaeology survey of 10,195 acres (4125 ha) within Twin Buttes Reservoir, a flood control and irrigation facility near the city of San Angelo in west-central Tom Green County, Texas. The 100 percent pedestrian survey, conducted for the Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation (BOR), was primarily a section 110, of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA), effort. The survey was conducted in conjunction with repair of existing seepage at Twin Buttes Dam. …

National Register Eligibility Testing Of 41mm340 And 41mm341, Along Little River, Milam County, Texas, Richard B. Mahoney, Steve A. Tomka

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

From January through March 2000, the Center for Archaeological Research, The University of Texas at San Antonio conducted National Register of Historic Places eligibility testing for archaeological sites 41MM340 and 41MM341, under contract with Texas Department of Transportation. The investigations were conducted under Texas Antiquities Permit Number 2319. The Phase II testing fieldwork consisted of excavation of 20 test units across both sites to investigate significant cultural deposits encountered during the previous survey phase. Four distinct stratified cultural zones at 41MM340 and at least two cultural zones at 41MM341 were identified during the testing efforts. In concert with the archaeological …

Archaeological Testing In The Mission Concepción Courtyard (41bx12), San Antonio, Texas, Kristi H. Miller, Barbara A. Meissner

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This report describes archaeological investigations conducted in January, 2000 which constituted Phase 1 of a project designed to expose and stabilize the remaining walls and floors of Colonial period rooms south of the church at Mission Nuestra Señora de la Purísima Concepción de Acuña, in the southern part of San Antonio, Texas. This phase of the project, conducted by the Center for Archaeological Research, The University of Texas at San Antonio and sponsored by the National Park Service, was performed to determine the depth of the floors of the buried rooms within the courtyards, to allow architects to complete plans …

Archaeological Survey Of The West Salado Creek Lift Station Project, San Antonio, Texas, Kristi H. Miller

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

During October of 1999, archaeologists from the Center for Archaeological Research, The University of Texas at San Antonio conducted a pedestrian survey, shovel testing, and backhoe trenching along a portion of Salado Creek in southeastern San Antonio, Texas in order to identify cultural resources that may be impacted by a proposed sewer line. The project encompassed three areas (Phase I, II, and III) where the proposed route of a sewer line was to cross Salado Creek. Phase I and the east side of the Phase II crossing were surveyed. Results from shovel tests and backhoe trenches indicated that the proposed …

1999 Reburial At Mission San Juan Capistrano, San Antonio, Texas, Steve A. Tomka, José E. Zapata

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

On November 15, 1999, the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR), The University of Texas at San Antonio, returned 122 curation boxes containing human remains of between 103 and 125 individuals to Monsignor Balthazar Janacek, Archdiocese Director, Old Spanish Missions. These remains had been obtained during two previous Witte Memorial Museum excavations at Mission San Juan Capistrano. Subsequently, CAR returned the majority of the burial goods associated with these human remains to Monsignor Janacek. CAR then entered into an agreement with the Archdiocese of San Antonio to locate and monitor the excavation of the two reburial areas that were to coincide …

Archaeological Investigations At A Spanish Colonial Site, (41ka26-B) Karnes County, Texas, Cynthia L. Tennis

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In July, 1998, the Center for Archaeology Research (CAR) at the University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) was awarded a contract by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) for artifact analysis and report composition on archaeological investigations at a Spanish Colonial period site in Karnes County in south Texas. The data for this analysis and interpretation was recovered during 1985 TxDOT excavations at site 41KA26.

Forty-five test units and seven shovel tests were excavated resulting in the recovery of approximately 4000 artifacts including over 1000 peives of animal bone, 445 Native American pottery sherds, 404 pieces of Spanish ceramics, …

The T.C. Osborn Tenant Farm, 41bp314: An Early Sharecropper Site In Bastrop County, Texas, José E. Zapata

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The T. C. Osborn tenant site was located in Bastrop, Bastrop County, about 1,300 ft. (410 m) east of the juncture of Gills Branch Creek and the Colorado River, along the path of present-day Lovers Lane, and just south of State Highway 71. This site was determined eligible for the National Register of Historic Places and investigated in February and March 1987 by John W. Clark of the Texas Department of Transportation, prior to being impacted by the construction of Lovers Lane. A total of 32 units were excavated, and the recovered artifacts include ceramic sherds, glass fragments, beads and …

An Archaeological Survey Of Twin Buttes Reservoir, Tom Green County, Texas, Raymond P. Mauldin, David L. Nickels

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

From December of 1998 through November of 1999, the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR), at The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) conducted a Class III archaeology survey of 10,195 acres (4125 ha) within Twin Buttes Reservoir, a flood control and irrigation facility near the city of San Angelo in west-central Tom Green County, Texas. The 100 percent pedestrian survey, conducted for the Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation (BOR), was primarily a section 110, of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA), effort. The survey was conducted in conjunction with repair of existing seepage at Twin Buttes Dam. …

An Archaeological Survey Of Twin Buttes Reservoir, Tom Green County, Texas, Volume Ii, Raymond P. Mauldin, David L. Nickels

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

From December of 1998 through November of 1999, the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR), at The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) conducted a Class III archaeology survey of 10,195 acres (4125 ha) within Twin Buttes Reservoir, a flood control and irrigation facility near the city of San Angelo in west-central Tom Green County, Texas. The 100 percent pedestrian survey, conducted for the Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation (BOR), was primarily a section 110, of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA), effort. The survey was conducted in conjunction with repair of existing seepage at Twin Buttes Dam. …

Archaeological Testing Of Site 41bx1199, Government Canyon State Natural Area, Bexar County, Texas, Jason D. Weston

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In May 2001, the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR), The University of Texas at San Antonio, tested two areas of site 41BX1199 in the Government Canyon State Natural Area. The Natural Area is located in northwest Bexar County and is under the ownership and management of the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD). In advance of opening the Natural Area for public use, TPWD contracted with the CAR to conduct a 100 percent pedestrian survey of proposed trail systems within the property and to carry out National Register eligibility testing of site 41BX1199. CAR personnel conducted the testing of 41BX1199 …

Laredo Utility Relocation Project, Chacon Creek, Webb County, Texas, Anthony S. Lyle

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In August of 2000, archaeologists from the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) at The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) were contracted to test for archaeological deposits along the route of a proposed utility pipeline relocation in Laredo, Texas. The route of the proposed pipeline relocation will impact a 690-foot (210 m) section along Meadow Avenue at the bridge crossing Chacon Creek, in Laredo. CAR archaeologists monitored the excavation of six backhoe trenches along the proposed relocation route in order to test for buried cultural materials. No intact cultural deposits were encountered. The majority of the tested section was …