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Full-Text Articles in History
Freedmen With Firearms: White Terrorism And Black Disarmament During Reconstruction, David H. Schenk
Freedmen With Firearms: White Terrorism And Black Disarmament During Reconstruction, David H. Schenk
The Gettysburg College Journal of the Civil War Era
The outcome of the Civil War brought freedom to over six million slaves of African descent. These Freedmen communities remained a critical source of labor for the agrarian based economy of the southern U.S. Conflicts erupted because former slaves sought to exercise their new freedoms against the restrictions placed on them by local authorities. New laws, mob actions and acts of organized white terrorism were used to subjugate free citizens and return them to their former stations of labor. Political activities and participation in the electoral process were violently discouraged. Vocal opponents of the new system were often targeted for …
African Americans And The Persian Gulf Crisis, Jacquelin Howard-Matthews
African Americans And The Persian Gulf Crisis, Jacquelin Howard-Matthews
Trotter Review
This article addresses two issues: the African-American response to United States involvement in the 1990-91 Persian Gulf war and interrelated factors explaining the nature of that response. Despite the historical symbolism associated with African-American participation and disproportionate representation in the military, African Americans composed the most consistently identifiable strata either opposed to or suspicious of the deployment of U.S. troops and military equipment in the Gulf. The pattern of African-American response to the Gulf War is remarkably similar to its underlying reactions to military conflicts taking place in the recent past, including the Vietnam War and Laos invasion of the …