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Full-Text Articles in History

From Sorcery To Witchcraft: Clerical Conceptions Of Magic In The Later Middle Ages, Michael D. Bailey Oct 2001

From Sorcery To Witchcraft: Clerical Conceptions Of Magic In The Later Middle Ages, Michael D. Bailey

Michael D. Bailey

By the time the fires of the great European witch-hunts burned out in the seventeenth century, untold thousands had been sent to their deaths upon conviction of this terrible crime. Exact figures are understandably difficult to come by, but the best available estimates set the number of the dead near sixty thousand, and this just for the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, when the witch craze reached its peak in western Europe.


A Tale Of Two Theories: Monopolies And Craft Guilds In Medieval England And Modern Imagination, Gary Richardson May 2001

A Tale Of Two Theories: Monopolies And Craft Guilds In Medieval England And Modern Imagination, Gary Richardson

Gary Richardson

No abstract provided.


The Importance Of Being Related: How The Nuclear Family Functioned Within The Urban Environment Of Medieval Norwich 1250-1348, Anne Grant May 2001

The Importance Of Being Related: How The Nuclear Family Functioned Within The Urban Environment Of Medieval Norwich 1250-1348, Anne Grant

Anne Grant

Did medieval families function on a nuclear or an extended level? This thesis will show that the families in urban Norwich, England in the Middle Ages worked, loved and played within strong nuclear families instead of floundering in a sea of extended relatives and neighbors. Using two books of deeds from the city of Norwich as well as the police records and other assorted information from the city, this paper will prove that nuclear family relationships, with their economic and social bonds, were of primary importance to the functionality of the conjugal family and that much less focus was centered …


Timbuktu: A Lesson In Underdevelopment, Riccardo Pelizzo Jan 2001

Timbuktu: A Lesson In Underdevelopment, Riccardo Pelizzo

riccardo pelizzo

Th e purpose of the present paper is to investigate Timbuktu’s economic decline in the three centuries elapsed between 1526, when Leo Africanus reached the Mysterious City, and 1830, when the fi rst European explorers arrived in Timbuktu. It is argued that Timbuktu’s decline was neither an accident nor the result of inevitable natural conditions. Timbuktu’s decay was the product of historical and social forces. Specifi cally, it is argued that Timbuktu lost power and prestige because its market decayed. However, it is also suggested that no single factor can account individually for this event. Th e crisis of Timbuktu’s …