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Full-Text Articles in History

Ecumenical Dialogue Between Reformers And Orthodox Under The Ottomans (15-16th Century), Svetoslav Svetoszarov Ribolov Jan 2024

Ecumenical Dialogue Between Reformers And Orthodox Under The Ottomans (15-16th Century), Svetoslav Svetoszarov Ribolov

Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe

Despite the capture of Constantinople by the Ottomans in 1453, the Orthodox Church continued to make contacts with the West. In the 15th and 16th centuries, Patriarchs Joasaph II and Jeremias II had ecumenical contacts and theological dialogues with two generations of Reformers. Martin Luther and Melanchthon, and later Martin Crusius, Jakob Andrеä, and their associates in Wittenberg took up the initiative for a serious ecumenical dialogue with Constantinople. Despite a sincere desire on both sides, lack of a common methodological framework in the talks did not allow for significant results. In the end, both sides did not …


“Into The Sea Of Forgetfulness”: An Analysis Of Anna Komnene’S Alexiad In Relation To The First Crusade, Breya D. Scarlett Jan 2024

“Into The Sea Of Forgetfulness”: An Analysis Of Anna Komnene’S Alexiad In Relation To The First Crusade, Breya D. Scarlett

Swarthmore Undergraduate History Journal

Anna Komnene’s account of the First Crusade in her work The Alexiad provides invaluable insight into the Byzantine perspective of this pivotal event defining the 11th century. While shunned in a monastery, she wrote her celebrated work known as The Alexiad. Anna’s primary motivation for writing the biography stems from her desire to emphasize the accomplishments of her father, especially in regards to protecting the Byzantine Empire against invaders, both Latin and Turkish. For Anna, the crusade functions as a Western pretext for taking land away from the Byzantines. Comparing specific sieges in the First Crusade to their Latin …


Francis Of Assisi: A Reputation Marred Beyond Recognition, Jackson Gravitt Jan 2024

Francis Of Assisi: A Reputation Marred Beyond Recognition, Jackson Gravitt

Eleutheria: John W. Rawlings School of Divinity Academic Journal

Francis of Assisi believed his mission was to preach the gospel, and his reputation shortly after his death was that of a prolific preacher. However, members of his Order eventually began to present his life differently due to controversies that developed after his death. They began to de-emphasize his preaching ministry to instead focus on his holiness, miracles, or reformed mindedness. In the twentieth century, these works served as the foundation of Francis studies, resulting in scholars neglecting his reputation as a preacher. Francis became caricatured as anti-oracular, most notably by his association with an apocryphal quote: “Preach the gospel …


The King And His Favorites: A Historiographical Analysis Of Edward Ii, Luke Ziegler Jan 2024

The King And His Favorites: A Historiographical Analysis Of Edward Ii, Luke Ziegler

Tenor of Our Times

The historiography of Edward II has painted him as a weak king who deserved deposition, overemphasizing his faults while under-examining the circumstances in which he had to rule. Starting from the earliest chronicles, through the early modern period, 19th and 20th centuries, and through the present, the historiography demonstrated the changes that Edward II’s reputation has undergone. These changes went from thinking of Edward as a weak king who should be blamed for all of England’s ills, to acknowledging and addressing his faults while realizing that not everything was under Edward’s control to fix.


Stone Fidelity: Marriage And Emotion In Medieval Tomb Sculpture, Amy Danielle Juarez Dec 2023

Stone Fidelity: Marriage And Emotion In Medieval Tomb Sculpture, Amy Danielle Juarez

Medieval Feminist Forum: A Journal of Gender and Sexuality

No abstract provided.


Women Warriors And National Heroes: Global Histories, Misty Urban Dec 2023

Women Warriors And National Heroes: Global Histories, Misty Urban

Medieval Feminist Forum: A Journal of Gender and Sexuality

No abstract provided.


Women’S Friendship In Medieval Literature, Skye Oliver Dec 2023

Women’S Friendship In Medieval Literature, Skye Oliver

Medieval Feminist Forum: A Journal of Gender and Sexuality

No abstract provided.


Apostate Nuns In The Later Middle Ages, Morgan Mcminn Dec 2023

Apostate Nuns In The Later Middle Ages, Morgan Mcminn

Medieval Feminist Forum: A Journal of Gender and Sexuality

No abstract provided.


A Life Of Ill Repute: Public Prostitution In The Middle Ages, Amanda Scott Dec 2023

A Life Of Ill Repute: Public Prostitution In The Middle Ages, Amanda Scott

Medieval Feminist Forum: A Journal of Gender and Sexuality

No abstract provided.


Female Authorship, Patronage, And Translation In Late Medieval France: From Christine De Pizan To Louise Labé, Alani Hicks-Bartlett Dec 2023

Female Authorship, Patronage, And Translation In Late Medieval France: From Christine De Pizan To Louise Labé, Alani Hicks-Bartlett

Medieval Feminist Forum: A Journal of Gender and Sexuality

No abstract provided.


Acts Of Care: Recovering Women In Late Medieval Health, Tanya Stabler Miller Dec 2023

Acts Of Care: Recovering Women In Late Medieval Health, Tanya Stabler Miller

Medieval Feminist Forum: A Journal of Gender and Sexuality

No abstract provided.


The Basque Seroras: Local Religion, Gender, And Power In Northern Iberia, 1550–1800, Phyllis Zagano Dec 2023

The Basque Seroras: Local Religion, Gender, And Power In Northern Iberia, 1550–1800, Phyllis Zagano

Medieval Feminist Forum: A Journal of Gender and Sexuality

No abstract provided.


Women, Food, And Diet In The Middle Ages: Balancing The Humors, Autumn Reinhardt-Simpson Dec 2023

Women, Food, And Diet In The Middle Ages: Balancing The Humors, Autumn Reinhardt-Simpson

Medieval Feminist Forum: A Journal of Gender and Sexuality

No abstract provided.


Women Religious Crossing Between The Cloister And The World: Nunneries In Europe And The Americas, Ca. 1200–1700, Alexandra Verini Dec 2023

Women Religious Crossing Between The Cloister And The World: Nunneries In Europe And The Americas, Ca. 1200–1700, Alexandra Verini

Medieval Feminist Forum: A Journal of Gender and Sexuality

No abstract provided.


Women, Writing And Religion In England And Beyond, 650–1100, Andrew Breeze Dec 2023

Women, Writing And Religion In England And Beyond, 650–1100, Andrew Breeze

Medieval Feminist Forum: A Journal of Gender and Sexuality

No abstract provided.


Medieval Intersections: Gender And Status In Europe In The Middle Ages, Ebba Strutzenbladh Dec 2023

Medieval Intersections: Gender And Status In Europe In The Middle Ages, Ebba Strutzenbladh

Medieval Feminist Forum: A Journal of Gender and Sexuality

No abstract provided.


Cárcel De Amor / The Prison Of Love, Laura Francis, Álvaro Garrote Pascual Dec 2023

Cárcel De Amor / The Prison Of Love, Laura Francis, Álvaro Garrote Pascual

Medieval Feminist Forum: A Journal of Gender and Sexuality

No abstract provided.


Up The Social Ladder: How Chinese Merchants Excelled Under The New Values Of Ming-Qing China, James B. Townsend Sep 2023

Up The Social Ladder: How Chinese Merchants Excelled Under The New Values Of Ming-Qing China, James B. Townsend

Armstrong Undergraduate Journal of History

Ming China was a socially volatile period of Chinese history. Social distinctions were blurred as the merchant class rose to power to challenge old Confucian ideals in a commerce-based society. This paper examines what paved the road for the merchant class to rise, and how the non-elite empowerment shifted China's attitudes towards consumption and commerce.


Book Of The Body Politic, Renate Blumenfeld-Kosinski Jun 2023

Book Of The Body Politic, Renate Blumenfeld-Kosinski

Medieval Feminist Forum: A Journal of Gender and Sexuality

No abstract provided.


Christine De Pizan: Life, Work, Legacy, S.C. Kaplan Jun 2023

Christine De Pizan: Life, Work, Legacy, S.C. Kaplan

Medieval Feminist Forum: A Journal of Gender and Sexuality

No abstract provided.


Gender And Voice In Medieval French Literature And Song, Joseph P. Derosier Jun 2023

Gender And Voice In Medieval French Literature And Song, Joseph P. Derosier

Medieval Feminist Forum: A Journal of Gender and Sexuality

No abstract provided.


Obscene Pedagogies: Transgressive Talk And Sexual Education In Late Medieval Britain, Jenny C. Bledsoe Jun 2023

Obscene Pedagogies: Transgressive Talk And Sexual Education In Late Medieval Britain, Jenny C. Bledsoe

Medieval Feminist Forum: A Journal of Gender and Sexuality

No abstract provided.


Studying Gender In Medieval Europe: Historical Approaches, Jessica E. Zisa Jun 2023

Studying Gender In Medieval Europe: Historical Approaches, Jessica E. Zisa

Medieval Feminist Forum: A Journal of Gender and Sexuality

No abstract provided.


The Fight Against The Threat Of Witchcraft And Paganism In Anglo-Saxon England, Russell I. Knapp May 2023

The Fight Against The Threat Of Witchcraft And Paganism In Anglo-Saxon England, Russell I. Knapp

Lux et Fides: A Journal for Undergraduate Christian Scholars

Unlike the general assumption that England was completely Christianized after Augustine’s mission to the island, witchcraft and paganism thrived all throughout the Christian period of Anglo-Saxon history. Sources condemning witchcraft and paganism increased during the Danish raids in the mid-ninth century and beyond due to an increased sense of a perceived threat of paganism. King Alfred himself reacted to this threat by doing everything he could to strengthen his people in their Christian beliefs through education reform and his law code. The Church battled against the perceived threat through penitentials–which they used to discourage pagan practices. Lay-people fought against …


Dies Legibiles Iii May 2023

Dies Legibiles Iii

Dies Legibiles

Thank you for reading the third volume of Dies Legibiles! We’ve had an exciting semester, as our core editorial team was composed entirely of students who were new to the journal. Though this came with a certain amount of trial and error, it also brought a sense of passion and drive that served us well: we received more submissions this year than ever before. Many of our submissions came from outside Smith College and the Five College Consortium—including several international submissions! We are thrilled to expand our outreach and cover a wider array of perspectives and topics.


Discovering Dune: Essays On Frank Herbert’S Epic Saga., Edited By Dominic J. Nardi And N. Trevor Brierly, G. Connor Salter Apr 2023

Discovering Dune: Essays On Frank Herbert’S Epic Saga., Edited By Dominic J. Nardi And N. Trevor Brierly, G. Connor Salter

Mythlore: A Journal of J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and Mythopoeic Literature

G. Connor Salter reviews Discovering Dune: Essays on Frank Herbert’s Epic Saga, edited by Dominic J. Nardi and N. Trevor Brierly, considering its new contributions to studies of Frank Herbert's work. Essays included fit into four categories (Politics and Power, History and Religion, Biology and Ecology, and Philosophy, Choice and Ethics) and range from Herbert's use of ecology in Dune to how game theory may help explain certain characters' apparent ability to see the future. Discovering Dune also includes an appendix which contains the only up-to-date bibliography of Herbert's work (primary and secondary sources).


Demons & Droids: Nonhuman Animals On Trial, Gerrit D. White Oct 2022

Demons & Droids: Nonhuman Animals On Trial, Gerrit D. White

PANDION: The Osprey Journal of Research and Ideas

Nonhuman animal trials are ridiculous to the modern sensibilities of the West. The concept of them is in opposition to the idea of nonhuman animals—entities without agency, incapable of guilt by nature of irrationality. This way of viewing nonhuman animals is relatively new to the Western mind. Putting nonhuman animals on trial has only become unacceptable in the past few centuries. Before this shift, nonhuman animal trials existed as methods of communities policing themselves. More than that, these trials were part of legal systems ensuring they provided justice for all. This shift happened because the relationship between Christian authorities and …


Enlightening The “Dark Ages”: Historical Genealogy And The Medieval Narrative, Jess R. O’Leary Sep 2022

Enlightening The “Dark Ages”: Historical Genealogy And The Medieval Narrative, Jess R. O’Leary

The Forum: Journal of History

No abstract provided.


Lenses, Focus, And Fluidity: Lessons From Medieval Queer History, Reese Hollister Aug 2022

Lenses, Focus, And Fluidity: Lessons From Medieval Queer History, Reese Hollister

The Gettysburg Historical Journal

The Medieval era is sometimes overlooked within the field of Queer and Transgender History, but a recent shift in focus has revealed new discoveries and interpretations. This historiographical analysis posits that in the Middle Ages, gender and sexuality were much more fluid than previously believed.


The Battle Of Tours Reconsidered, Paul Aitchison Aug 2022

The Battle Of Tours Reconsidered, Paul Aitchison

Montview Journal of Research & Scholarship

This paper examines the Battle of Tours/Poitiers in 732 between the Merovingian Mayor of the Palace, Charles Martel, and the Umayyad governor-general of al-Andalus in modern-day Spain, Abdul Rahman Al-Ghafiqi. Since the pivotal works of Sir Edward Gibbons were published in 1776, the battle has been seen as keeping Europe from falling completely to Islam. More recent scholarship highlights the battle as pivotal in Charles's quest to consolidate power in his ultimately successful bid to create a new power in western Europe, the Carolingian dynasty, which would eventually be created in the crowning as the Holy Roman Empire his grandson, …