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Full-Text Articles in History
Philip Schaff's Contentious Histories In Antebellum America: A Papist And A Pantheist, Andrew David White
Philip Schaff's Contentious Histories In Antebellum America: A Papist And A Pantheist, Andrew David White
Theses and Dissertations
Born in Switzerland and educated in Germany, Philip Schaff arrived in the United States in 1844 to be a professor at Mercersburg Theological Seminary. Evangelical Christianity dominated the American religious landscape at the time, but Schaff's histories of the Christian Church opposed the hegemony. His reviewers criticized him for being a papist and a pantheist because his un-American Christianity seemed dangerous to evangelicalism. Nevertheless, his works proved to be read widely across many denominations as well as among academic and non-academic readers.
Anabaptist Masculinity In Reformation Europe, Adam Michael Bonikowske
Anabaptist Masculinity In Reformation Europe, Adam Michael Bonikowske
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis studies the connections between the Anabaptist movement during the Protestant Reformation and the alternative masculinities that developed during sixteenth-century Europe. It argues that Anabaptist men challenged traditional gender norms of European society, and through their unique understanding of the Reformation's message of salvation, these men constructed new ideas about masculinity that were at odds with Protestant and Catholic culture. Anabaptist men placed piety and ethics at the center of reform, and argued for the moral improvement of Christians. In separation from Catholics and mainstream Protestants, Anabaptists created a new culture that exhibited behavior often viewed as dangerous. The …