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Full-Text Articles in Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies

Florence Brooks Whitehouse And Maine’S Vote To Ratify Women’S Suffrage In 1919, Anne Gass Oct 2011

Florence Brooks Whitehouse And Maine’S Vote To Ratify Women’S Suffrage In 1919, Anne Gass

Maine History

In 1919, Maine faced an unusual conflict between ratifying the nineteenth amendment to the United States Constitution that would grant full voting rights to women, and approving a statewide suffrage referendum that would permit women to vote in presidential campaigns only. Maine’s pro-suffrage forces had to head off last-minute efforts by anti-suffragists to sabotage the Maine legislature’s ratification vote. Led by Florence Brooks Whitehouse, with support from Alice Paul and other National Woman’s Party organizers, suffragists fought down to the wire to ensure that Maine became the nineteenth state to ratify the federal amendment. Anne B. Gass is an independent …


A Slip Of Paper In A Black Walnut Box: An Examination Of The Suffrage Debate In Beverly, Massachusetts 1913-1915, Sarah R. Fuller Jan 2011

A Slip Of Paper In A Black Walnut Box: An Examination Of The Suffrage Debate In Beverly, Massachusetts 1913-1915, Sarah R. Fuller

Undergraduate Review

It was not until 1920, 72 years after the birth of the suffrage movement, that Massachusetts women gained the right to vote. While other state suffrage associations succeeded in persuading their governments to pass laws securing the vote for women, Massachusetts reformers were met with an overwhelming amount of resistance. The forces behind much of this resistance were the white, middle-class women active in small cities and towns throughout the Commonwealth. Women in support, as well as in opposition, to suffrage in Massachusetts at the turn-of-the twentieth century were the same women swept up in the changing gender roles of …