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Full-Text Articles in Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies
A Contextual Analysis Of The Feminization Of Poverty In Urban Slums Of Pakistan, Humaira Zulfiqar, Ra’Ana Malik
A Contextual Analysis Of The Feminization Of Poverty In Urban Slums Of Pakistan, Humaira Zulfiqar, Ra’Ana Malik
Journal of International Women's Studies
The term “feminization of poverty” was coined by Diana Pearce in 1978 who claimed that women heads of households were the poorest of the poor (Pearce, 1978). This concept became very popular in the 1990s after the fourth United Nations Conference on Women. Yet, after a decade of research on the feminization of poverty, Sylvia Chant and many other researchers criticized the narrowness of the concept and highlighted the need of including the gender dimensions of poverty within the definition of feminization of poverty (Chant 2003; Moghadam 2005; Staveren & Odebode, 2007). The research on the feminization of poverty from …
Women Suffering From Multiple Sources Of Oppression In Upper Egypt: A Case Study Of Intersectional Targeting And Integrated Development Interventions As The Way Out, Laila El Baradei, Passant Elwy
Women Suffering From Multiple Sources Of Oppression In Upper Egypt: A Case Study Of Intersectional Targeting And Integrated Development Interventions As The Way Out, Laila El Baradei, Passant Elwy
Journal of International Women's Studies
Scholars in the field of gender and development are strong advocates of the concept of “intersectionality,” first coined by Crenshaw in 1989, as a way of thinking about how marginalized groups may be subjected to oppression from various sources. The main purpose of this research is to make a case for how intersectional targeting, together with integrated development interventions, can be useful in helping vulnerable individuals, specifically women, suffering from multiple sources of poverty and oppression. A case study, coupled with in-depth field interviews, was the method employed for assessing the application of an intersectional lens by a nonprofit development …
Women’S Labour Force Participation: Economic Growth Nexus In Sub-Saharan African Countries, Chinasa E. Urama, Ezebuilo R. Ukwueze, Divine N. Obodoechi, Oliver E. Ogbonna, Afamefuna A. Eze, Oluwaseun B. Alade, Paschaline N. Ugwu
Women’S Labour Force Participation: Economic Growth Nexus In Sub-Saharan African Countries, Chinasa E. Urama, Ezebuilo R. Ukwueze, Divine N. Obodoechi, Oliver E. Ogbonna, Afamefuna A. Eze, Oluwaseun B. Alade, Paschaline N. Ugwu
Journal of International Women's Studies
Women’s labour force participation is an aspect of empowerment and a leeway to achieving the SDGs due to the contribution of women’s labour to economic growth. This study investigated the impact of women labour force participation on economic growth in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. Important lessons were drawn from Israel as to how Israel has been empowering and currently improving women’s labour force participation and economic growth in general. The study employed a two-step system Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) with panel data from 35 selected SSA countries. The findings showed a positive relationship between gross fixed capital formation, female …
Poverty And Difficulties In Participation Of Urban Social Life: Young Women In Istanbul, Ilkim Markoc
Poverty And Difficulties In Participation Of Urban Social Life: Young Women In Istanbul, Ilkim Markoc
Journal of International Women's Studies
Women’s poverty has long been a topic discussed in worldwide literature. However, no recent study has been conducted which examines the causes and outcomes of women’s poverty in Turkey. The objective of this study is to reveal the obstacles young women in Istanbul’s Bagcilar District face in seeking to develop urban lives due to poverty. Accordingly, there is a need to contextualize geographically and provide rationale for the case study area: Bagcilar was selected for the field study because it has one of the largest population of immigrants as well as one of the cheapest levels of rent in the …
Exploring Breast Cancer Patients’ Experiences Of Struggle Against Socio-Economic And Geographical Barriers In Rural Pakistan, Nadia Agha, Maliha Gull Tarar, Rahim Dad Rind
Exploring Breast Cancer Patients’ Experiences Of Struggle Against Socio-Economic And Geographical Barriers In Rural Pakistan, Nadia Agha, Maliha Gull Tarar, Rahim Dad Rind
Journal of International Women's Studies
This study offers insights into the barriers experienced by Breast Cancer (BC) patients from less privileged rural areas of Pakistan. We conducted in-depth interviews with 42 BC survivors, from the northern Sindh in southern Pakistan, to explore and analyse knowledge, geographical and financial barriers and how these barriers intersect and complicate BC patients’ lives. Results indicate that most of the women in this study were poor and their families’ health seeking behaviour was influenced by their socio-economic background; their knowledge about the disease was limited and they were unable to appropriately assess the symptoms for months, which caused delay. Based …
An Ecofeminism Perspective: A Gendered Approach In Reducing Poverty By Implementing Sustainable Development Practices In Indonesia, Sabarina Husein, Herdis Herdiansyah, Lg Saraswati Putri
An Ecofeminism Perspective: A Gendered Approach In Reducing Poverty By Implementing Sustainable Development Practices In Indonesia, Sabarina Husein, Herdis Herdiansyah, Lg Saraswati Putri
Journal of International Women's Studies
Gender mainstreaming is one of the Indonesian central government’s alternative programs to achieve gender equality. Gender inequality is experienced by women, especially in underprivileged conditions. Gender mainstreaming to address environmental concerns and the lagging and oppression of the environment’s development. Moreover, women, as pioneers of their households, must find ways to survive in environments where massive exploitation has drastically reduced the ability to access natural resourses as a daily support system. It is important that equitable development for all genders to provide a sound environment and create a creative economy to improve living standards takes place. This research employs a …
Effect Of Conditional Cash Transfer Programs When The Head Of The Household Is Female In Mexico, Yaura Yong Rubio-Sanchez, Eduardo Rodríguez-Juárez, Sergio Demetrio Polo Jiménez
Effect Of Conditional Cash Transfer Programs When The Head Of The Household Is Female In Mexico, Yaura Yong Rubio-Sanchez, Eduardo Rodríguez-Juárez, Sergio Demetrio Polo Jiménez
Journal of International Women's Studies
The objective of this article is to examine the impact of the OPORTUNIDADES-PROSPERA conditional cash transfer program on women heads of household in Mexico. The target of the empowerment of women household heads in the program is predominantly focused on developing human capital, shown by the increase of children in the school by the women household heads. The database was based on the data gathered through the Survey unique questionnaire of socio-economic information (CUIS) realized by the Social Development Secretariat (SEDESOL), through the PROSPERA National Coordination, which operate the OPORTUNIDADES-PROSPERA Program. The database that was analyzed consisted of 3,762 families …
Women's Reproductive Rights Under Marriage Contract, Sri Endah Kinasih, Toetik Koesbardiati, Siti Mas’Udah
Women's Reproductive Rights Under Marriage Contract, Sri Endah Kinasih, Toetik Koesbardiati, Siti Mas’Udah
Journal of International Women's Studies
In Indonesia, marriage contracts are still common. In addition to culture, women's reproductive rights are also strongly associated with poverty. The poverty factor is very influential in relation to quality of life and women's reproductive health. This article investigates the reproductive health rights of women under a marriage contract. Employing the descriptive qualitative method, the research was conducted in Pasuruan, East Java and Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. The selection of the research contexts was done purposively. This study shows that a marriage contract does not always imply the occurrence of sexual intercourse. Sexual intercourse in a marriage contract may happen …
Feminization Of Poverty Program (Pfk) And The Empowerment Of Women Heads-Of-Household In East Java, Indonesia, Sulikah Asmorowati, Violeta Schubert, Dian Yulie Reindrawati
Feminization Of Poverty Program (Pfk) And The Empowerment Of Women Heads-Of-Household In East Java, Indonesia, Sulikah Asmorowati, Violeta Schubert, Dian Yulie Reindrawati
Journal of International Women's Studies
Severe conditions of poverty have been found in households headed by women in East Java Province, Indonesia. In response to this, the Provincial Government of East Java initiated an innovative program called Jalin Matra (Jalan Lain Menuju Mandiri dan Sejahtera or Another Way Towards Sustenance and Welfare) in which one of the programs is Program Feminisasi Kemiskinan (PFK). This paper is based on a research that is concerned with the implementation of PFK in the regions of Trenggalek and Lamongan, East Java, Indonesia, especially in the village level. It is especially focused on the impacts of the program implementation on …
Using A Model Of Economic Solvency To Understand The Connection Between Economic Factors And Intimate Partner Violence, Heidi Gilroy, Judith Mcfarlane, Nina Fredland, Sandra Cesario, Angeles Nava, John Maddoux
Using A Model Of Economic Solvency To Understand The Connection Between Economic Factors And Intimate Partner Violence, Heidi Gilroy, Judith Mcfarlane, Nina Fredland, Sandra Cesario, Angeles Nava, John Maddoux
Journal of International Women's Studies
Poverty is a risk factor for intimate partner violence (IPV); however, little is known about the economic state at which women are no longer at risk for IPV due to their economic status, which is economic solvency. A Model of Economic Solvency in women has been developed from the literature that includes four factors: human capital, social capital, sustainable employment, and independence. The purpose of this research is to validate the model in a sample of women reporting IPV. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed to test the model using data from 280 abused women. Examination of the model yielded …
A Theoretical Perspective On Women And Poverty In Botswana, Gwen N. Lesetedi
A Theoretical Perspective On Women And Poverty In Botswana, Gwen N. Lesetedi
Journal of International Women's Studies
Botswana has made remarkable progress in terms of economic and social development. The position of the government is that policies and programmes should benefit all citizens equally. More specifically, the government of Botswana has recognised women’s role in economic development and efforts have been made to integrate gender in the development process. Access to economic opportunities for everyone to development is an overall goal clearly stated in the various national development plans, policies and programmes. Gender plays a major role in the formulation and implementation of these intervention strategies. For instance, the National Gender Programme Framework implemented and monitored by …
Defying The Odds, Not The Abuse: South African Women’S Agency And Rotating Saving Schemes, 1994-2017, Mark Nyandoro
Defying The Odds, Not The Abuse: South African Women’S Agency And Rotating Saving Schemes, 1994-2017, Mark Nyandoro
Journal of International Women's Studies
Employing a feminist lens that places emphasis on women’s agency South African feminists have challenged the dominant narrative of hapless women who need external saviours to climb out of poverty. In particular, black South African feminists have drawn attention to the appropriation and deployment of both indigenous and other concepts and practices by women to fight poverty. This article employs these perspectives to interpret the importance of rotating saving schemes in South Africa. It explores the debate about women’s economic, community-participation and entrepreneurship strategies with reference to the Stokvel and other rotating saving-schemes (e.g. mashonisa) to improve the status of …
Gender, Poverty And Inequality In The Aftermath Of Zimbabwe’S Land Reform: A Transformative Social Policy Perspective, Newman Tekwa, Jimi Adesina
Gender, Poverty And Inequality In The Aftermath Of Zimbabwe’S Land Reform: A Transformative Social Policy Perspective, Newman Tekwa, Jimi Adesina
Journal of International Women's Studies
Gender equality is re-emerging as an important global and national agenda with emphasis placed on closing the gender gap in terms of women’s representation in public and private decision-making bodies. Though unrelatedly, the period had coincided with the elevation of social protection in the form of cash transfers as the magic bullet in tackling gendered poverty and inequality. Adopting a Transformative Social Policy Framework and land reform as a social policy instrument, the paper questions the efficacy of the current approaches in transforming gendered poverty and inequalities. Land reform is hardly ever assessed as a policy instrument for its redistributive, …
Lived Experiences And Consequences Of Unemployment On Women: An Empirical Study Of Unemployed Young Women In Mahalapye, Botswana, Kabo Diraditsile, Mosetsanagape Alice Ontetse
Lived Experiences And Consequences Of Unemployment On Women: An Empirical Study Of Unemployed Young Women In Mahalapye, Botswana, Kabo Diraditsile, Mosetsanagape Alice Ontetse
Journal of International Women's Studies
Studies have shown that the experience and consequences of unemployment affect people differently depending on, for example, age and gender. The purpose of the present study was to identify factors that contribute to unemployment among young women aged 20-35 in Mahalapye village, investigate the effects of being unemployed, determine sources of support available to unemployed young women, and identify the gaps in state assistance in this regard. The study utilized a survey research method and adopted a descriptive research design. Cluster sampling was used with the sample size being one hundred (100) unemployed young women in Mahalapye. A face-to-face questionnaire …
“We Know The Taste Of Sugar Because Of Cardamom Production”: Links Among Commercial Cardamom Farming, Women’S Involvement In Production And The Feminization Of Poverty, Sony Kc, Bishnu Raj Upreti, Bashu Prasad Subedi
“We Know The Taste Of Sugar Because Of Cardamom Production”: Links Among Commercial Cardamom Farming, Women’S Involvement In Production And The Feminization Of Poverty, Sony Kc, Bishnu Raj Upreti, Bashu Prasad Subedi
Journal of International Women's Studies
This paper analyses the impact of commercial cardamom farming on the livelihoods of women, revisiting the concept of the “feminization of poverty”. For the analysis of cash crop farming in Eastern Nepal, both quantitative and qualitative approaches have been used. A quantitative survey was conducted in 513 households in Ilam district between November and December 2015 followed by qualitative data collection. A literature review on the feminization of poverty and cash crop farming has also been included. A descriptive data analysis has been conducted from the perspective of the feminization of poverty against the background of cash crop farming. The …
Feminizing Responsibility? Women’S ‘Invisible’ Labor And Sub-Contracted Production In South India, K. Kalpana
Feminizing Responsibility? Women’S ‘Invisible’ Labor And Sub-Contracted Production In South India, K. Kalpana
Journal of International Women's Studies
Since the 1980s and 1990s, there has been growing global recognition and endorsement of women as economic actors whose income-earning activities contribute to the survival and livelihood security of impoverished households and communities in many parts of the developing world. Women’s economic contribution is considered particularly valuable when population groups living below the income-poverty line have struggled to cope with the adverse social effects of neo-liberal economic reforms. Given this backdrop, the aim of this study is to examine closely women’s experience of laboring in the lower end of the informal labor sector, their workspace negotiations and conditions of labor, …
Reducing Poverty Among Arab And Muslim Women: The Case Of Arab Women In Israel, Yosef Jabareen
Reducing Poverty Among Arab And Muslim Women: The Case Of Arab Women In Israel, Yosef Jabareen
Journal of International Women's Studies
The international experience suggests that work is the best way of lifting families out of poverty. Thus, this paper assumes that one crucial policy, among many others, aimed at poverty reduction is to increase the women’s participation in the labour market and their access to decent work. This issue is critical among Arab and Muslim women around the world in general and among Arab women in Israel since the participation rate of women in the labour market is quite low and about 55% of the Arab families live under the poverty line. Therefore, this paper aims to identify the reasons …
The Interrelationship Between Gender-Based Violence And Hiv/Aids In South Africa, Chineze J. Onyejekwe
The Interrelationship Between Gender-Based Violence And Hiv/Aids In South Africa, Chineze J. Onyejekwe
Journal of International Women's Studies
This paper focuses on how gender-based violence intersects with HIV/AIDS in ways too devastating to be ignored. Women’s subordinate position is linked to poverty, sexual abuse/rape, and the risk to women in long-term union. The country’s pioneering steps to establish legal and judicial frameworks for dealing with these problems are discussed.
Extent And Causes Of Gender And Poverty In India: A Case Study Of Rural Hayana, Santosh Nandal
Extent And Causes Of Gender And Poverty In India: A Case Study Of Rural Hayana, Santosh Nandal
Journal of International Women's Studies
In spite of the enshrining anti-poverty programs and objectives of the poverty eradication programs contained in India’s five year plans, women’s poverty in India, even after 58 years of independence, is glaring. This paper, based on a field survey, addresses the issues of economic constraints and the denial of women’s access to productive assets in the form of land ownership and human capital such as education, skill-training. The article contributes to the overall picture of female poverty at the national level. The author finds an exaggerated emphasis being placed on women laborers and inadequate economic opportunities among them as the …
Influences Of Global Human Trafficking Issues On Nigeria: A Gender Perspective, Chineze J. Onyejekwe
Influences Of Global Human Trafficking Issues On Nigeria: A Gender Perspective, Chineze J. Onyejekwe
Journal of International Women's Studies
This paper focuses on the socio-economic conditions that force women and girls into the human trafficking industry. Poverty is shown to be one of the major root causes of this phenomenon. The relationship between poverty and other socio-economic issues such as crime, corruption, illiteracy and HIV/AIDS are discussed. The government’s efforts at tackling these problems are analyzed, and further preventive measures also discussed.
Poverty Among Women In Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review Of Selected Issues, Hazel M. Mcferson
Poverty Among Women In Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review Of Selected Issues, Hazel M. Mcferson
Journal of International Women's Studies
Gender discrimination resulting in greater poverty among women is widespread throughout the developing world. However, the incidence of women poverty, as well as its depth and their vulnerability, is particularly marked in Sub-Saharan African countries of the tropical belt, albeit with significant rural-urban differences. The article reviews the interaction of traditional restrictions on women property rights, weak governance and violent civil conflict in perpetuating gender discrimination and women poverty in those countries. Statistics show some progress in women development indicators in Sub-Saharan Africa during the last decade, partly associated with improvements in governance and the end of civil war in …
When Personal Dreams Derail: Rural Cameroonian Women Aspire For Their Children, Akuri John, Susan Weinger, Barbara Barton
When Personal Dreams Derail: Rural Cameroonian Women Aspire For Their Children, Akuri John, Susan Weinger, Barbara Barton
Journal of International Women's Studies
Data gathered from a convenience sample of 36 women who reside in rural villages lying on the outskirts of Buea, Cameroon is not consistent with the “culture of poverty” proposition which states that personal characteristics of the poor tie them to a life of poverty. These findings run counter to an assumed “culture of poverty” in which persons do not hold career aspirations and socialize their children with attitudes that assure the generational transmission of poverty. Respondents, as a case vignette illustrates, conveyed that besides marriage they had wanted a career in order to achieve a living wage. After their …
Gender And Increased Access To Schooling In Cameroon: A Marginal Benefit Incidence Analysis, Tabi Atemnkeng Johannes, Armand Gilbert Noula
Gender And Increased Access To Schooling In Cameroon: A Marginal Benefit Incidence Analysis, Tabi Atemnkeng Johannes, Armand Gilbert Noula
Journal of International Women's Studies
Of great importance to policy makers is to know if females and poor households benefit more or less than the males or rich households from an expansion in access to public education. This is marginal benefit incidence of public spending which is rarely determined. In this paper, we determine the extent to which an expansion in public education is effective in reducing gender gaps in enrollments and thus, poverty in Cameroon. Government subsidies directed towards higher education are poorly targeted and the poorest income groups receive less than the richest income groups and indeed favor those who are better off. …
Women Under Attack: Violence And Poverty In Guatemala, Corinne Ogrodnik, Silvia Borzutzky
Women Under Attack: Violence And Poverty In Guatemala, Corinne Ogrodnik, Silvia Borzutzky
Journal of International Women's Studies
In 2009 Guatemalan women experienced the highest level of violence in Latin America and one of the highest in the world, and death rates have continued to increase in 2010. At the core of the issue are two major problems: pervasive poverty and legal exclusion. In turn, these two issues are closely connected since legal/judicial exclusion is a consequence of poverty. This paper aims to analyze the question of violence against women in Guatemala, to discuss women’s limited political, legal and economic rights, as well as the policies pursued since the end of Guatemala’s civil war to deal with the …