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- ‘nature of government’ reasoning (16)
- Quantum values (10)
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- Early Constitution (5)
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- Adjectives (2)
- Appraisives (2)
- Bill of Rights (2)
- Constituent expulsion (2)
- Constitutional logic (2)
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- Corrective Constitution (2)
- Delegates (2)
- Jackson’s Journal (2)
- Logical possibilities and impossibilities (2)
- Madison’s Notes (2)
- Necessary (2)
- Note-takers (2)
- Particle semantics (2)
Articles 1 - 30 of 75
Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities
Secrecy Broken: Reports Of The Delegates Following The Federal Convention, Peter Aschenbrenner
Secrecy Broken: Reports Of The Delegates Following The Federal Convention, Peter Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Despite the measures taken to ensure the secrecy of the proceedings during the federal convention, many delegates made reports to their states and explained the choices underlying various clauses. However, no delegate had access to the official journal of the constitutional convention.
A Horse! My Constitution For A Horse! Wm. Shakespeare And Alex. Pope Serve The Delegate Laureates, Peter Aschenbrenner
A Horse! My Constitution For A Horse! Wm. Shakespeare And Alex. Pope Serve The Delegate Laureates, Peter Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
‘We the people’ is justly celebrated, and was upon its first reading, by those assembled in Philadelphia. OCL, having studied the orthography and punctuography of the instrument, along with its semantic provenance, now turns to the meter of it all.
Table Annexed To Article: British Orthography In The Early Constitution, Peter Aschenbrenner
Table Annexed To Article: British Orthography In The Early Constitution, Peter Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
OCL surveys the appearance of British spelling in the Early Constitution. The stylistic developments during the course of 27 years are tracked.
Table Annexed To Article: Counting ‘Sled Dog’ Adjectives Deployed In The Early Constitution (1787-1804), Peter Aschenbrenner
Table Annexed To Article: Counting ‘Sled Dog’ Adjectives Deployed In The Early Constitution (1787-1804), Peter Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
When a vocabulary of 49 adjectives – cardinals, ordinals, pronomials, and so forth – what OCL calls the ‘sled dog’ adjectives are tested against the target vocabulary – all 5,224 words in the Early Constitution (1787-1804), a total of 485 hits are recorded. OCL surveys these results and draws conclusions.
Table Annexed To Article: Color Me Adverb: How The Convention Painted The Text Of The Philadelphia Constitution, Peter Aschenbrenner
Table Annexed To Article: Color Me Adverb: How The Convention Painted The Text Of The Philadelphia Constitution, Peter Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Adverbs are one of the principal – and most readily trackable – means by which writers of the English language color their output. Relying on ‘-ly’ adverbs (out of 3,732 total adverbs), adverb usage in the Philadelphia constitution is measured.
Table Annexed To Article: Counting Adjectives Deployed In The Early Constitution (1787-1804), Peter Aschenbrenner
Table Annexed To Article: Counting Adjectives Deployed In The Early Constitution (1787-1804), Peter Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
How many adjectives were deployed by the authors of the Early Constitution (1787-1804)? Counting adjectives in the target vocabulary, the computation returns 114 different adjectives with 531 total deployments in the 5,224 words of the Early Constitution. Why do adjectives matter in English (or in any IE language)? Why do these counts matter?
Speeches And Essays On The Jay Treaty Funding Bill (1796), Peter Aschenbrenner
Speeches And Essays On The Jay Treaty Funding Bill (1796), Peter Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
William Vans Murray challenged James Madison on the floor of the House to take up the mantle of “oracle” of the constitution. James Madison refused and returned that it was the ratifiers, not the writers, of the constitution whose opinion mattered. Hamilton, having had his say and taunted Murray into the fray, is quoted in full (and for good) measure. The year is 1796 and we still don’t know the answer to the question ‘Why do we have a constitution.’ OCL explores these issues.
Table Annexed To Article: Secrecy Broken: Reports Of The Delegates Following The Federal Convention, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Table Annexed To Article: Secrecy Broken: Reports Of The Delegates Following The Federal Convention, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Despite the measures taken to ensure the secrecy of the proceedings during the federal convention, many delegates made reports to their states and explained the choices behind various clauses. However, no delegate had access to the official journal of the constitutional convention.
Table Annexed To Article: Our Constitutional Kinesis: Words That Can Go Like A Machine, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Table Annexed To Article: Our Constitutional Kinesis: Words That Can Go Like A Machine, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Constitution II, the Philadelphia constitution (1787), inspired many ‘machine/ry’ references. OCL catalogs, with the help of acknowledged secondary sources, a working list of metaphors which were deployed to credit and discredit our second constitution.
Table Annexed To Article: Congress And Parliament Deploy Appraisives (1801-1802), Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Table Annexed To Article: Congress And Parliament Deploy Appraisives (1801-1802), Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Parliament (primary text writer, the House of Commons) produced 24,647 words beginning in 1801; in in a comparable interval, Congress produced 27,123 words. By coincidence, this was the first year that Parliament served as the text-writer for the newly-minted United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Appraisives in the English language, numbering 3,683 have been tested against the Early Constitution. Appraisives in the Early Constitution, 2 OCL 193. This investigation tests the known class of appraisives in these target vocabularies employed by Congress and Parliament. Mean words between ‘hits’ are returned.
Table Annexed To Article: Hamilton And Madison Deploy ‘Constitution’ In The Federalist Papers: Semantic Values Surveyed, Peter Aschenbrenner
Table Annexed To Article: Hamilton And Madison Deploy ‘Constitution’ In The Federalist Papers: Semantic Values Surveyed, Peter Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
The eighty-five Federal Papers (authors James Madison and Alexander Hamilton; John Jay contributed five) are justifiably famous as elaborations of constitutional structure and text, sans citation to the convention, understandably, since secrecy imposed by Standing Order on May 28th was continued indefinitely (at the pleasure/non-action of Congress) on September 17th. Counts on semantic value/s of ‘constitution’ and ‘constitutional’ are surveyed.
A Detailed Breakdown Of Note-Takers Surveyed From Farrand’S Records Vols. 1 And 2 (1937), Peter Aschenbrenner
A Detailed Breakdown Of Note-Takers Surveyed From Farrand’S Records Vols. 1 And 2 (1937), Peter Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Eleven of the fifty-five delegates that attended the Federal Convention took notes during the proceedings. These notes, along with Jackson’s official journal and available committee drafts, are assembled in Farrand’s Records of the Federal Convention of 1787 at volumes 1 and 2. OCL provides a page-by-page breakdown of the text [of their notes] which appears in the Farrandian presentation.
Order Of Delegate Arrival At Philadelphia Tabled Against Support/Opposition To Constitution, Peter J. Aschenbrenner, David Kimball
Order Of Delegate Arrival At Philadelphia Tabled Against Support/Opposition To Constitution, Peter J. Aschenbrenner, David Kimball
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Fifty-five delegates were appointed by twelve states to attend the federal convention in May, 1787. Arrival of the delegates is matched with support/opposition for the Constitution.
Table Annexed To Article: Deployment Of ‘Constitution’ Surveyed In Farrand’S Records Of The Federal Convention, Vols. 1 And 2, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Table Annexed To Article: Deployment Of ‘Constitution’ Surveyed In Farrand’S Records Of The Federal Convention, Vols. 1 And 2, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Excluding Farrand’s apparatus, the convention’s speech events as recorded by any note-taking total 386,049 words. The word ‘constitution’ was deployed 147 times in Vol. 1 and 411 times in Vol. 2 for a grand total of 558 hits. Of these 558 hits, 74.91% were assigned the semantic value of ‘text,’ 17.03% value ‘government,’ 1.61% could have been taken by a reader to refer to either value, and 6.45% of these instances referred to a foreign constitution. OCL surveys and cumulates this data.
Delegate Arrivals At Philadelphia Compared To Voting Records At The Ratification Conventions By State, Peter J. Aschenbrenner, David Kimball
Delegate Arrivals At Philadelphia Compared To Voting Records At The Ratification Conventions By State, Peter J. Aschenbrenner, David Kimball
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Fifty-five delegates were appointed by twelve states to attend the federal convention in May, 1787. Eleven states ratified the Constitution between December 7, 1787 and July 26, 1788. When delegate arrival dates are compared with the order in which their respective state ratification conventions completed their business, a significant number of delegates supporting the constitution are missing in action.
Table Annexed To Article: Delegate Arrivals In Philadelphia Compared To Voting Records, Peter J. Aschenbrenner, David Kimball
Table Annexed To Article: Delegate Arrivals In Philadelphia Compared To Voting Records, Peter J. Aschenbrenner, David Kimball
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Fifty-five delegates were appointed by twelve states to attend the federal convention in May, 1787. Eleven states ratified the Constitution between December 7, 1787 and July 26, 1788. When delegate arrival dates are compared with the order in which their respective state ratification conventions completed their business, a significant number of delegates supporting the constitution are missing in action.
Table Annexed To Article: A Detailed Breakdown Of Note-Takers Surveyed From Farrand’S Records Vols. 1 And 2 (1937), Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Table Annexed To Article: A Detailed Breakdown Of Note-Takers Surveyed From Farrand’S Records Vols. 1 And 2 (1937), Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Eleven of the fifty-five delegates that attended the Federal Convention took notes during the proceedings. These notes, along with Jackson’s official journal and available committee drafts, are assembled in Farrand’s Records of the Federal Convention of 1787 at volumes 1 and 2. OCL provides a page-by-page breakdown of the text [of their notes] which appears in the Farrandian presentation.
Table Annexed To Article: Introducing Constitutional Text Units, Peter Aschenbrenner
Table Annexed To Article: Introducing Constitutional Text Units, Peter Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
The traditional citation format for reference to specific passages in the federal constitution does not account for the order in which text was added, changed or deleted; a new citation format is proposed, called ‘Constitutional Text Units’; Madison’s June, 1789 suggestion for maintaining a coherent presentation is explained and defended.
Table Annexed To Article: Our Aesthetic Constitutions: A New View, Peter Aschenbrenner
Table Annexed To Article: Our Aesthetic Constitutions: A New View, Peter Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
A six-way division of constitutional text is presented. Responsibilities and disabilities occupy the semantic spaces ordinarily assigned to ‘powers’ and ‘rights,’ respectively. Titles, offices and intersections are segregated, which category includes the restraints between any two (and more) actors and bodies. Aspirational language is carved out, along with text addressing government to government issues, here, federal and state governments. Finally each instance of an apparatus, permitting, commanding, and prohibiting operational consideration of issues (as they may arise in the future) are named.
Comparing American Constitutions I And Ii: Topics Treated In Constitution I With Similar Topics Followed Into Constitution Ii, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Comparing American Constitutions I And Ii: Topics Treated In Constitution I With Similar Topics Followed Into Constitution Ii, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
OCL explores, topic by topic, the treatment by text-writers in Constitution II of similar text crafted in Constitution I. Results are surveyed, topic by topic.
Naming Constitutions And Constitutional Text In The Early American Republic, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Naming Constitutions And Constitutional Text In The Early American Republic, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
From the beginning of the nation (October 7, 1777) to the disaster of Dred Scott (March 6, 1857), the United States has produced thirty-two articles worth of constitutioinal text, in 133 constitutional text units, beginning with the Articles of Confederation (opening date noted above). OCL names all the writings and groups them, for the first time.
Our Aesthetic Constitutions: A New View, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Our Aesthetic Constitutions: A New View, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
A six-way division of constitutional text is presented. Responsibilities and disabilities occupy the semantic spaces ordinarily assigned to ‘powers’ and ‘rights,’ respectively. Titles, offices and intersections are segregated, which category includes the restraints between any two (and more) actors and bodies. Aspirational language is carved out, along with text addressing government to government issues, here, federal and state governments. Finally each instance of an apparatus, permitting, commanding, and prohibiting operational consideration of issues (as they may arise in the future) are named.
Table Annexed To Article: Comparing American Constitutions I And Ii: Topics Treated In Constitution Ii Compared To Similar Topics In Constitution I, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Table Annexed To Article: Comparing American Constitutions I And Ii: Topics Treated In Constitution Ii Compared To Similar Topics In Constitution I, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
OCL explores, topic by topic, the origins of Constitution II, in its appearance as the Early Constitution. Its 5,224 words are surely in debt to the 3,453 words of Constitution I. But by how much? The results are surveyed in the table annexed hereto.
Unique Words In Constitutions I And Ii Surveyed, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Unique Words In Constitutions I And Ii Surveyed, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Constitutions I and II are surveyed and all words appearing are treated equally, that is, treated as appearing uniquely. The texture of the two constitutions is thereby investigated by presenting comparative lists of the 775 unique words of Constitution I with the 831 unique words of Constitution II.
Table Annexed To Article: Naming Constitutions/ Constitutional Text In The Early American Republic, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Table Annexed To Article: Naming Constitutions/ Constitutional Text In The Early American Republic, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
From the beginning of the nation to disaster of Dred Scott (March 6, 1857), the United States has produced twenty-one writings which may be grouped as constitutional text units after the Articles of Confederation. OCL names all the writings and groups them, for the first time.
Table Annexed To Article: Unique Words In Constitutions I And Ii Surveyed, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Table Annexed To Article: Unique Words In Constitutions I And Ii Surveyed, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Constitutions I and II are surveyed and all words appearing are treated equally, that is, treated as appearing uniquely. The texture of the two constitutions is thereby investigated by presenting comparative lists of the 775 unique words of Constitution I with the 831 unique words of Constitution II.
Table Annexed To Article: Topic By Topic Comparisons Of Constitutions I And Ii: The Articles Of Confederation And The Early Constitution, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Table Annexed To Article: Topic By Topic Comparisons Of Constitutions I And Ii: The Articles Of Confederation And The Early Constitution, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Topics in the Articles of Confederation and the Early Constitution are surveyed, thereby cumulating the surveys appearing in Comparing American Constitutions I and II: Topics Treated in Constitution II Compared to Similar Topics in Constitution I, 2 OCL 206, which starts from the Early Constitution and traces roots and origins by topic back into the Articles of Confederation. Comparing American Constitutions I and II: Topics Treated in Constitution I with Similar Topics Followed into Constitution II, 2 OCL 553, takes the reverse view.
Comparing And Contrasting American Constitutions I And Ii: A Roadmap, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Comparing And Contrasting American Constitutions I And Ii: A Roadmap, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
OCL surveys Constitution I (1781) and Constitution II (1787-1804) through thirteen articles and tables including this article. Word counts, frequencies, and topics are investigated with results in each constitution compared, one with another. A road map to OCL’s progress is provided.
Topic By Topic Comparisons Of Constitutions I And Ii: The Articles Of Confederation And The Early Constitution, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Topic By Topic Comparisons Of Constitutions I And Ii: The Articles Of Confederation And The Early Constitution, Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Topics in the Articles of Confederation and the Early Constitution are surveyed, thereby cumulating the surveys appearing in Comparing American Constitutions I and II: Topics Treated in Constitution II Compared to Similar Topics in Constitution I, 2 OCL 206, which starts from the Early Constitution and traces roots and origins by topic back into the Articles of Confederation. Comparing American Constitutions I and II: Topics Treated in Constitution I with Similar Topics Followed into Constitution II, 2 OCL 553, takes the reverse view.
Introducing Constitutional Text Units (And Related Issues), Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Introducing Constitutional Text Units (And Related Issues), Peter J. Aschenbrenner
Peter J. Aschenbrenner
An alternative presentation of constitutional text is proposed; OCL offers to locate constitutional text in typographically represented space and time. A new numbering system is proposed which obviates the annoying brackets, asertisks, footnotes and other punctuography of modern presentations of the Early Constitution.