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The Middle Caddoan Period In East Texas: A Summary Of The Findings Of The East Texas Caddoan Research Group, Tom Middlebrook, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The second meeting of the East Texas Caddoan Research Group (ETCRG) met in San Antonio on October 27, 1996, to consider the archaeology of the Middle Caddoan period in East Texas. The meeting was arranged as a three hour symposium held in conjunction with the annual meeting of the Texas Archeological Society.

The meeting's format involved the informal presentation by several ETCRG members of major research findings along thematic lines for each of several river basins in the region. The presenters distributed handouts to participants and mixed their comments with slides, photographs, and the hands-on examination of a few selected …

The Middle Caddoan Period In The Lower Sulphur River Area, Maynard B. Cliff

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

For purposes of this review, the Lower Sulphur River in Texas includes the area of the Sulphur River basin from the Arkansas border to the eastern edge of Titus County, and encompasses the area of what is today Wright Patman Lake and the White Oak Creek Wildlife Management Area. Traditionally, the Lower Sulphur River area has been tied to cultural constructs defined in the Red River basin, to the north and east. In his ambitious overview of the Caddoan Culture Area, Don Wyckoff generally placed the Lower Sulphur River area with the cultures of the Great Bend. As defined by …

The Caddoan Archaeology Of The Sabine River Basin During The Middle Caddoan Period, Timothy K. Perttula, J. Brett Cruse

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Compared to the earlier and later parts of the prehistoric Caddoan archaeological record in Northeast Texas, archaeologists do not know much about the Middle Caddoan period (ca. A.D. 1200-1400) in the Sabine River basin. During the last few years, however, new archaeological information on settlements, subsistence, and the diverse material culture record suggest that the era was a time of significant cultural change for Caddoan peoples living in the upper and middle Sabine River basin.

The Middle Caddoan Period In The Big Cypress Creek Drainage Basin, Bo Nelson, Mike Turner

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Middle Caddoan period in the Big Cypress Creek drainage basin has been based upon a synthesis of Thurmond's (1990) archaeological overview of the basin. Thurmond defines a transitional Caddoan period (dating ca. A.D. 1300-1400) from 14 sites that have ceramic assemblages combining Early Caddoan and Late Caddoan stylistic attributes. A review of these sites, along with additional information from recent archaeological investigations, suggests that the Middle Caddoan period in the Big Cypress Creek basin has an evolving cultural diversity that extends over a longer period of time, fitting well with Story's definition of the period as dating from ca. …

The Caddoan Occupation Of The Attoyac And Angelina River Basins In The Middle Caddoan Period, Tom Middlebrook

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Angelina River basin, including the drainage of its largest tributary, the Attoyac Bayou, encompasses all of Nacogdoches County and portions of Cherokee, Rusk, Angelina, San Augustine, Shelby, and Sabine counties in deep East Texas. Archaeological studies in the region that have illuminated our understanding of Caddoan developments have been meager and spotty at best.

There is no archaeological evidence in the Angelina River basin of extensive Caddoan occupation during the Early Caddoan period (ca. A.D. 1000-1200). Jelks presented the results of the largest archaeological project conducted in the area in his dissertation dealing with the archaeology of the McGee …

The Archaeology Of The Middle Caddoan Period In The Middle Red River Valley Of Northeast Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Middle Caddoan period sites (estimated to date from ca. A.D. 1100-1300/1350; in the Middle Red River Valley of Northeast Texas appear to have cultural affiliation with the Sanders phase/focus originally recognized by Krieger. Sanders phase components are distributed in the Middle Red, Kiamichi, and Upper Sabine River basins of Southeast Oklahoma and Northeast Texas. In the Middle Red River valley, key components include the A.C. Mackin (41LR36), Fasken (41RR14), Roitsch (41RR16; previously known as the Sam Kaufman site), Holdeman (41RR11), Sanders (41LR2), and Harling (41FNI) sites.

Middle Caddoan period settlements along the Middle Red River include dispersed farmsteads and hamlets …

Middle Caddoan Period Archaeology In The Upper Sulphur River Basin, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Middle Caddoan period archaeological sites in the upper Sulphur River basin are rare, by contrast with the lower Sulphur River area, and probably the best-known site of this age in the upper part of the basin is the Hurricane Hill site (41HP106). The site is located on a high upland landform, at the Cooper Lake dam, overlooking the wide valley of the South Sulphur River.

The Hurricane Hill Middle Caddoan component occurs mainly on the South Rise, a natural sand-covered rise on the crest of the uplands. However, at least one burial and several pit features associated with the component …

Some Observations On Four Probable Middle Caddo Period Cemeteries In Camp And Upshur Counties, Northeast Texas, Robert L. Turner Jr.

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In this paper, I discuss probable Middle Caddo period ceramic vessels and other artifacts from cemeteries at the Rumsey (41CP3), Harold Williams (41CP10), Graydon Adkins #1 (41UR21), and Graydon Adkins#2 (41UR17) sites in Camp and Upshur counties.

Notes On Caddoan Vessels Collected From The Mosquito Island Site (41ag66), Lake Sam Rayburn, Tom Middlebrook

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This paper documents four Caddoan ceramic vessels from the Mosquito Island site (4IAG66) at Lake Sam Rayburn. The vessels were obtained from the site by two individuals who violated the provisions of the Archeological Resources Protection Act (ARPA), and were arrested on the site while in the act of disturbing the archaeological site. They were subsequently convicted under ARPA for their illegal actions.

Construction Damages A Prehistoric Caddo Indian Archaeological Site At The City Of Gilmer's Proposed Lake Gilmer, Upshur County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, Bo Nelson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In March 1996, the archaeological work being conducted at the proposed Lake Gilmer was called to a halt by the archaeological contractor (Horizon Environmental Services of Austin, Texas) and the City of Gilmer long before the required archaeological mitigation of important prehistoric Caddo sites had been completed. The reasons are still somewhat obscure.

After a delay of more than 1.5 years in the completion of the archaeological investigations at the proposed Lake Gilmer, a federal and state-permitted reservoir in Northeast Texas, the Division of Antiquities Protection at the Texas Historical Commission has taken up the task of completing the archaeological …

The Development Of The Burial Mound Tradition In The Caddo Area, Frank F. Schambach

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This is a significantly revised version of a paper I presented at the 1994 East Texas Archeological Conference in Tyler, Texas. The gist of that paper was that the origins of the burial mound tradition in the Caddo area can be traced, not to the Coles Creek culture in the Lower Mississippi Valley as the conventional wisdom would have it, but to an independent Fourche Maline mound building tradition that developed in and around the Red River Valley beginning about 100 B.C.2 I still think that there was an independent Fourche Maline mound building tradition and I still think that, …

Book Review "Don't Know Much About Caddo Archeology, Don't Know Much .... ", Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In an otherwise interesting and recently published book by Judith Nies entitled Native American History, there is an extremely wide-of-the-mark discussion of the Spiro site which I would like to share with the readers of Caddoan Archeology. The inaccuracy of the presentation conveys all too well, unfortunately, how little is still known about Caddoan archeology, and about the Caddo peoples, among the general public and the general reader.

Extractive Strategies At Peoria Quarry, Ottowa County, Oklahoma, Don Dickson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Peoria Quarry complex was first recognized as representing prehistoric activities by geologist Walter P Jenny in 1891. Jenny, who was studying the zinc and lead mines in southwestern Missouri and adjacent areas, made collections from the Peoria extractive area and submitted these specimens along with an introductory letter to Mr. G. K Gilbert of the United States Geological Survey. The latter contacted William H. Holmes, who visited the location in late October of that year (Holmes 1894:7-8). Prior to the evaluation of Jenny, the site was referred to as "old Spanish mines" because the local populace could not attribute …

Radiocarbon And Oxidizable Carbon Ratio Dates From The Camp Joy Mound (41ur144) In Northeast Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, Mike Turner, Bo Nelson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Camp Joy Mound (41UR144) is a looted Caddo mound on property owned by the U.S. Anny Corps of Engineers, Fort Worth District, at Lake o' the Pines. Although only a small number of artifacts have been found in the mound deposits - principally a few brushed sherds - it appears to be a Late Caddoan period construction with two mound platforms, separated by extensive charcoal lenses from one ( or more) burned Caddoan structure e~posed in a larger looters trench. To ascertain the age of the burned Caddoan structure that stood on the main mound platform, we obtained two …