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Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities
Educating He Women Of The Nation: Priscilla Wakefield And The Construction Of National Identity, 1798, Camilla Leach, Joyce Goodman
Educating He Women Of The Nation: Priscilla Wakefield And The Construction Of National Identity, 1798, Camilla Leach, Joyce Goodman
Quaker Studies
This article examines the views of the Quaker educationist, Priscilla Wakefield, on the role of women in the construction of British national identity at the end of the eighteenth century. Priscilla Wakefield wrote children's texts in late-eighteenth and early-nineteenth century England, was interested in the question of women and science and published on the education of women. This article analyses the way in which in Reflections on the Present Condition of the Female Sex, with Suggestions for its Improvement (1798) , she based her arguments for a 'useful' education for women on her views of what constituted the virtues and …
The Study Of Eighteenth-Century English Quakerism: From Rufus Jones To Larry Ingle, David J. Hall
The Study Of Eighteenth-Century English Quakerism: From Rufus Jones To Larry Ingle, David J. Hall
Quaker Studies
This brief study of writing on eighteenth-century English Quaker history begins with an assessment of Rufus Jones's contribution in his The Later Periods of Quakerism (1921). It goes on to supplement the views of the century expressed by Larry Ingle in 'The Future of Quaker History' (1997) by surveying concisely a major proportion of the relevant published work between 1921 and 1997. It refers also to Ingle's identification of gaps and weaknesses in the published literature on the subject.
Walter And Emma Malone: Friends Of Sinners And The Poor, John Oliver
Walter And Emma Malone: Friends Of Sinners And The Poor, John Oliver
Quaker Studies
The Malones, leaders of Holiness Quakerism, were presented in The Transformation of American Quakerism: Orthodox Friends 1800-1907, an otherwise excellent early work by historian Thomas Hamm, as leaders of a movement whose ' dominant note ...was opposition to any type of reform activity'. If too strong, it is fair to suggest that numbers of Holiness Friends, including the Malones, were relatively indifferent to political, economic and social reform. But seeing them in this light, or as mere obstructionists to 'modern thought', does not quite capture who they were or what they were about. This article contends the Mal ones had …
Daniel Eccleston Of Lancaster 1745-1821: A Man Not Afraid To Stand On The Shoulders Of Giants, Carolyn Downs
Daniel Eccleston Of Lancaster 1745-1821: A Man Not Afraid To Stand On The Shoulders Of Giants, Carolyn Downs
Quaker Studies
It is unusual for an historian to be able to establish in great detail the life of any but those considered one of 'the great and the good'. The substantial amount of documentary sources, both by, and about, the Quaker radical Daniel Eccleston of Lancaster (1745-1821), provide an opportunity to view a turbulent period in British history through the experiences of one individual. The links between industrial and scientific advance, Nonconformity in religion and calls for political reform were growing increasingly common as the eighteenth century progressed. This paper attempts to show the centrality of Eccleston's Quaker upbringing to his …
Reluctant Absolutist: Malcolm Sparkes' Conscientious Objections To World War I, Bert Den Boggende
Reluctant Absolutist: Malcolm Sparkes' Conscientious Objections To World War I, Bert Den Boggende
Quaker Studies
The existing secondary literature has treated the appearance of World War I conscientious objectors (COs) before the tribunals as rather straightforward and uncomplicated. As the case of Malcolm Sparkes indicates, the process was much less straightforward and much more complex. The arduous process also shows that the power of the local tribunals was enlarged and that of the Pelham Committee reduced, due to the wrong decision - as the government acknowledged - by the local tribunal at Slough. The decision resulted in Sparkes becoming a reluctant or alternativist absolutist, a nomenclature hitherto ignored in the literature. Sparkes' case also suggests …
Roots And Fruits: Materials Relating To The Quaker Peace Testimony In The Commonweal Collection, Christina Arber
Roots And Fruits: Materials Relating To The Quaker Peace Testimony In The Commonweal Collection, Christina Arber
Quaker Studies
This article includes a select review of books, pamphlets, journals and archives in the Commonweal Collection relating to the Quaker Peace Testimony. It provides an introduction to and background information about the Collection, an independent library which focuses on non-violence and movements for social change. The materials reviewed relate to the Peace Testimony's beginnings, development and interpretation; to Conscientious Objection in two world wars including the Friends Ambulance Unit; and to the witness of individual Friends. Many books and pamphlets reviewed illustrate the transition to a broader understanding of the peace testimony encompassing nonviolent action, mediation, and postwar peace campaigns.
York Friends 1939-1945, David Rubinstein
York Friends 1939-1945, David Rubinstein
Quaker Studies
This article deals with the experiences of York Quakers during the Second World War (1939-1945). It points out that in York as elsewhere Quakers had to make difficult choices during these years and tries to explain the reasons for these choices, particularly whether to support the war and, in many cases, whether to serve in the armed forces. The choices made by individuals and the consequences are elaborated. The article sets developments in York against the national background and points out that the national Quaker yearly meeting was held in York in 1941 and 1942.
The Local Philanthropy Of The Reckitt Family, With Particular Reference To Hull Garden Village, Jane Pietrusiak
The Local Philanthropy Of The Reckitt Family, With Particular Reference To Hull Garden Village, Jane Pietrusiak
Quaker Studies
Sir James Reckitt, a Quaker, Chairman of Reckitt & Sons, Limited, a manufacturer of laundry and household products based in Kingston upon Hull, was well known as a local philanthropist. Philanthropy, perhaps combined with fear of social unrest, but with a firm foundation of his own experience in public life, provided the impetus for Sir James Reckitt to build Hull Garden Village, commencing in 1907. A range of house sizes was rented to the workforce and others, within walUng distance of Reckitt's factories. Local architects Runton & Barry supervised all aspects of the building and village lay out. Community feeling …
Public Justice And Personal Liberty: Variety And Linguistic Skill In The Letters Of Mary Fisher, Althea Stewart
Public Justice And Personal Liberty: Variety And Linguistic Skill In The Letters Of Mary Fisher, Althea Stewart
Quaker Studies
This essay concerns the use of language in letters by Mary Fisher, the seventeenth-century Quaker missionary. It shows how she adapts her exegetical discourse to suit her readers, and uses it for more than selfjustification. Her first letter, written from York prison is shown to be influenced by the work of Elizabeth Hooton. It is also used as an example of a letter containing a complex and subtle biblical subtext. This technique gave these early Quaker women the confidence to write. Both Fisher and Hooton started writing to draw attention to injustice. Hooton continued to do this throughout her life; …
Aspects Of Publishing By The Peace Committee Of The Religious Society Of Friends (London Yearly Meeting), 1888 - 1905, Margaret Mckechnie Glover
Aspects Of Publishing By The Peace Committee Of The Religious Society Of Friends (London Yearly Meeting), 1888 - 1905, Margaret Mckechnie Glover
Quaker Studies
Although Quakers were active in the British peace movement from the early nineteenth century, it was not until 1888 that the Religious Society of Friends, in Britain, had its own corporate Peace Committee. It was the increasing quantity of printed resource material - petitions, pamphlets, and posters - published by this committee which informed and propagated the peace approach of Friends, locally, nationally and internationally. The Peace Committee used Quaker printing firms and, being part of the Society of Friends, remained financially viable, although under constraints. The years 1888-1905 saw a growth in co-operation between peace organisations, and Peace Committee …
'You Have Lost Your Opportunity' British Quakers And The Militant Phase Of The Women's Suffrage Campaign: 1906-1914, Pam Lunn
Quaker Studies
Quakers are widely believed to have been in the forefront of 19th century social change, and in particular to have been in favour of women's equality. Through consideration of individual and corporate public statements by British Friends during the period of militant campaigning for women to have the parliamentary vote, I show that this perception is inaccurate, largely mythic, and based on generalisation from the actions of a small number of individual Friends. I suggest that Friends' reputation for having been corporately progressive on the question of women's equality is undeserved, based on superficial consideration of the use of the …
An Evaluation Of The Doctrine Of The Inward Light As A Basis For Mission - As Exemplified By Quaker Approaches To Jews And Muslims In The Seventeenth Century, Kathleen Thomas
Quaker Studies
The concept of the Inward Light, variously understood, was the basis for Quaker missionary activity m the seventeenth century. Quakers made attempts to convert Jews and Muslims, both by going out to meet them and by writing tracts and epistles. Considerable use was made of the Hebrew Scriptures and of the Qur'an. The conversionist approach proved unsuccessful, and this led to a change in the Quaker understanding of mission.
Seventeenth Century Published Quaker Verse, Rosemary Moore
Seventeenth Century Published Quaker Verse, Rosemary Moore
Quaker Studies
Early Quakers disapproved of most aspects of popular culture, and before 1661 they published very little verse. During the 1660s some thirty Quaker authors published verse, addressed both to Quakers and to the public. The impetus behind this surge of verse publication was probably the appearance during 1660 and 1661 of a number of papers by John Perrot, a Quaker preacher who had been arrested in Italy and imprisoned by the Inquisition . His writings, which were brought to England, included a considerable amount of poetry. Perrot was released in 1661 and returned to England, feted by many Quakers as …
The Art Of Joseph Edward Southall, Roger Homan
The Art Of Joseph Edward Southall, Roger Homan
Quaker Studies
Joseph Southall (1861-1944) was an artist distinguished in his field, a political activist of considerable stamina and a Quaker greatly loved and honoured by some Friends, albeit not by all. His political involvement as chairman of the Independent Labour Party in Birmingham from 1914 to 1931 afforded an opportunity for witness that was in harmony with his religious affiliation. But his profession as an artist was pursued against a climate of ambivalence toward the arts within the Quaker community, which was diminishing in the early twentieth century but had not altogether disappeared. This paper illustrates the traditional disapprobation of the …
'The Inferior Parts Of The Body': The Development And Role Of Women's Meetings In The Early Quaker Movement, Gareth Shaw
'The Inferior Parts Of The Body': The Development And Role Of Women's Meetings In The Early Quaker Movement, Gareth Shaw
Quaker Studies
This article is a study of the development and role of early Quaker women's Meetings during the second half of the seventeenth century. It is based upon the contemporary records of the Owstwick women's Monthly Meeting, held in the East Riding of Yorkshire. Rather than focussing upon the individual travelling Quaker female ministers or their writings, as the historiography has tended to, it examines the everyday organisation and responsibilities that were held by early Quaker women. It argues that although the women's Meetings were regarded as inferior to those of the men, they evolved alongside each other and operated in …