Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Publication Year
Articles 1 - 30 of 1017
Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities
"Glory To The English And Protestant Name": Protestant Hegemony In Seventeenth And Eighteenth-Century Rhode Island, Mark Mulligan
"Glory To The English And Protestant Name": Protestant Hegemony In Seventeenth And Eighteenth-Century Rhode Island, Mark Mulligan
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
This dissertation argues that Protestant hegemony prevailed in colonial Rhode Island in the absence of an established church, which demonstrates that church establishment was not the primary fuel of Protestant hegemony in the early modern English Atlantic world. Analyzing a combination of well-known and lesser-known books, letters, diaries, newspapers, and laws, my findings indicate that Rhode Island championed a broad Protestant synthesis that transcended individual denominations. While historians have identified this Protestant synthesis in the era of the early republic in the United States, my research shows that these forces of synthesis and hegemony without establishment existed at least two …
A Critical Discourse Analysis Of Hbcus And Their Place In Science And Technology From 1979-80 As Told By Four National Newspapers, Asia Renée Randolph
A Critical Discourse Analysis Of Hbcus And Their Place In Science And Technology From 1979-80 As Told By Four National Newspapers, Asia Renée Randolph
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
This study was an investigation of how national newspapers contributed to the reproduction of racism as they reported on Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) and the need for more Black Americans in STEM programs. The existence of racism in newspaper discourse reaffirms the long-standing perception that HBCUs, and the Black Americans they serve, do not deserve full educational participation in society. The lack of diversity in STEM fields represents a key area where a critical exploration of how HBCUs are described is needed. Specifically, four national newspapers, the Los Angeles Times, the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal, …
"I Wish I Was In Dixie / Away, Away": American Emigration, Cultural Negotiations, And The Confederados / "Play Free Bird!": Southern Anthems As "New Dixies" And The Perpetuation Of The Lost Cause, Shannon Baker
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
“I Wish I Was in Dixie / Away, Away”: American Emigration, Cultural Negotiations, and the ConfederadosThis paper focuses on the Confederados, Southern white Americans who emigrated to new countries, primarily to Brazil. This paper analyzes the reasons for this mass organized outmigration, with attention paid to both push and pull factors for the migrants. This paper also looks at the Civil War memorial activities perpetuated by the Confederados and their descendants, examining the negotiations between Southern U.S. and Brazilian culture. In addition, this paper argues that Confederado studies can be strengthened by further research from the framework of the United …
Women In The Records Of The Virginia Company Of London, Martha Louise Reiner
Women In The Records Of The Virginia Company Of London, Martha Louise Reiner
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
My thesis presents women from the Records of the Virginia Company of London, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1906, Library of Congress online. During the 1619-1624 years of the records’ Court Book, Lady Lawarr, widow of Virginia’s first governor named by the Company, was important in distributing Virginia Company shares. Lady Lawarr worked, usually with an agent, to transfer shares from Lawarr’s estate to diverse people. Women had surprising agency in dealing with the Company, but there were some limits. There were delays in implementing grants for compensations. Some women worked with agents to get property owed to them. Petitions filed …
Machines On The Farm: Capitalism And Technology In Midwestern Agriculture, 1845-1900, James Jonathan Rick
Machines On The Farm: Capitalism And Technology In Midwestern Agriculture, 1845-1900, James Jonathan Rick
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Farming people in the Midwestern United States and in Ontario began using new machines throughout the second half of the nineteenth century. These included machines related to the production of grain crops—including threshers, reapers, and drills—as well as machines related to the production of the farm household— such as sewing and washing machines. In their use, maintenance, and alteration of machines within the natural and social contexts of their farms, rural people produced new technological systems of industrial agriculture. They also struggled with machine manufacturers and their agents for control of those systems—both as individuals and through farmer’s organizations. This …
Macao, Manila, And The Spanish Empire / Litigious Women Religious, Ashley Marie Smouse
Macao, Manila, And The Spanish Empire / Litigious Women Religious, Ashley Marie Smouse
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Macao, Manila, and the Spanish Empire Manila, the capital of the Spanish Philippines, had the potential to become a successful entrepot in Southeast Asia. However, despite facilitating the flow of Chinese silk into New Spain and delivering New World silver to Asian markets, Manila’s economy declined during the seventeenth century. This paper analyzes the role that illegal trade with Macao in Manila's economic stability. The methodology in the paper analyzes letters and petitions written by governors, attorneys, and noble Spanish men in Manila, who were concerned with the illicit trade practices between locals in Manila and Portuguese merchants from Macao. …
Seen And Unseen Friends: Becoming Global Citizens In The U.S. Empire, 1914-1941, Katherine Cartwright
Seen And Unseen Friends: Becoming Global Citizens In The U.S. Empire, 1914-1941, Katherine Cartwright
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
“Seen and Unseen Friends” studies citizenship education in the U.S. empire from 1914 to 1941. During this period, global citizenship became a defining feature of citizenship training in the U.S. and the country’s overseas colonies. Key to global citizenship training was a child-centered pedagogy called “learning-through-doing.” This pedagogy encouraged primary and secondary students to write, draw, build, and create to learn about the world. It also identified reading another student’s words or receiving a piece of artwork from them as the best means to foster affective ties across racial, national, and imperial boundaries. Pairing adult-produced sources like the papers of …
Settlement And Sediment / Segregation And Solidarity, Maxxe R. Albert-Deitch
Settlement And Sediment / Segregation And Solidarity, Maxxe R. Albert-Deitch
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Settlement and Sediment: Engaging Politicized Archaeology in the Israel/Palestine ConflictThis paper explores the ways in which cultural interest groups have used and manipulated folklore and archaeology to assert ownership over border-defining sites in modern-day Israel. The research draws on iterations of folklore over time, archaeological surveys, discrepancies between maps, and engages the work of other scholars whose work addresses the archaeological sites in question. This paper begins with the popular mythology behind the Masada fortress site, just south of the Judean desert, then builds the history of Masada’s archaeology into a larger conversation about the impact of Christian Zionist aims …
Constructing The Modern Warrior: The U.S. Army And Gender, Hyunyoung Moon
Constructing The Modern Warrior: The U.S. Army And Gender, Hyunyoung Moon
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
The concept of “warrior” has become a centerpiece of the twenty-first century US Army identity. The term “warrior” dominates the Army’s various initiatives and programs and is central to the service’s values and ideals. Since the Army deploys the term so liberally, the term has been used in seemingly contrasting ways: sometimes in strict relation to ground combat positions and other times in reference to soldiers in nontraditional domains like cyber- and drone-warfare. In a similar vein, the Army uses the term both as an honorific for exemplary soldiers and as a generic substitute for the term “soldier.” This dissertation …
Credit Is Due: African Americans As Borrowers And Lenders In Antebellum Virginia, Amanda White Gibson
Credit Is Due: African Americans As Borrowers And Lenders In Antebellum Virginia, Amanda White Gibson
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
This dissertation analyzes the credit arrangements of Black Virginians, enslaved and free, from the American Revolution to the Civil War. As democracy assured new rights for white men, Black Virginians, and especially Black women, saw the erosion of their legal access to civil and political rights. At the same time a new system of banks provided the capital for the expansion of enslavement. This dissertation examines different forms of debt at the moment when changing ideas about race and freedom and relationships of debt began to evolve into the “modern” banking system. Free and enslaved African Americans were active borrowers …
Ulysses S. Grant In Popular Memory / Jewish Quotas At Elite Universities, Shea Simmons
Ulysses S. Grant In Popular Memory / Jewish Quotas At Elite Universities, Shea Simmons
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Ulysses S. Grant in Popular Memory. The time period from the 1880s (beginning shortly after his death) to the 1930s was crucial in regards to the popular memory of general and president Ulysses S. Grant. Accessible writings made available both to the public and historians cemented his image among informed readers as an incompetent president and simple-minded general. These included biographies, novels, popular histories and even academic writings, many taking heed of the Dunning School of thought in regards to Reconstruction. Through tracing his journey in popular memory, it becomes clear that many characterizations of Grant owed more to political …
Virginia Society's Response/ Fancy Fantasy, Peighton Lynsey Young
Virginia Society's Response/ Fancy Fantasy, Peighton Lynsey Young
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Virginia Society’s Response to Revolution Era Manumission and Emancipation Legislation Through Petitions, 1782-1806 Using manumission petitions filed by or on behalf of enslaved Virginians seeking freedom, pro-manumission and emancipation petitions proffered by religious organizations, and anti-emancipation petitions submitted by local enslavers and politicians, this study examines how Virginians, both White and Black, free and enslaved, responded to Virginia’s 1782 manumission act. This law facilitated the liberation of thousands of people in bondage during the first twenty-four years of the early republic period. My analysis highlights a contentious period in Virginia’s early history – a period that began with tenuous hopes …
The Intersection Of Activism And Black Memory: Space, Memory, And Resistance In John Mitchell, Jr.’S Woodland Cemetery And Remembering Emancipation In Hampton Roads, 1917-1963, Timothy Allen Case
The Intersection Of Activism And Black Memory: Space, Memory, And Resistance In John Mitchell, Jr.’S Woodland Cemetery And Remembering Emancipation In Hampton Roads, 1917-1963, Timothy Allen Case
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
“Emancipation is an Act, Freedom is a State of Being”: Remembering Emancipation in Hampton Roads, 1917-1963. This paper traces the centralized organization and an activist turn in the commemoration of emancipation in the Hampton Roads region of Southeastern Virginia and Northeastern North Carolina. While considerable scholarship exists on African American freedom commemorations from the Civil War through its semi-centennial, the story told of twentieth-century emancipation memory is mostly one of marginalization and decline. Accounts of these celebrations in the local Black press reveals their persistence well into the twentieth century. Jim Crow and racial violence haunted the celebratory culture of …
“Fighting Without Firing”/ “My Fellow Slaves”, Kevin Michael Fowler
“Fighting Without Firing”/ “My Fellow Slaves”, Kevin Michael Fowler
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
“Fighting Without Firing”: Massacre, Tactical Development, and Propaganda at Paoli and Tappan This essay examines the effects and tools of the American Revolutionary massacres at Paoli in 1777, and Tappan in 1778. These massacres were ordered by the same officer, Major General Charles Grey, and committed by the same soldiers. The essay argues that committing massacres and defining battles as “massacres” served British and American patriot causes during the American Revolution. Committing massacres provided models for tactical innovation and defining battles as massacre was a powerful propaganda tool for American revolutionaries. The essay secondarily argues that bayonets, night attacks, and …
Virginia House Painters 1750-1840/Shad, Herring, And Slavery In The Chesapeake Bay And Albemarle Sound, Jenna Hershberger
Virginia House Painters 1750-1840/Shad, Herring, And Slavery In The Chesapeake Bay And Albemarle Sound, Jenna Hershberger
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
“Painting, Gilding, Glazing, etc.” This paper uses newspaper advertisements to describe house painters who worked in Virginia between 1760 and 1840. Virginia house painters were a varied group, many from England or of British descent, who began their trade in America as journeymen and masters, convict servants, indentured servants, or apprentices. Among them, enslaved blacks and Indians also practiced the trade. At a basic level, house painters were men with the knowledge to make paint and execute elaborate decorative finishes. From that commonality, however, the skills and services painters offered diverged, especially when they competed with one another and consequently …
Across The Atlantic To Jamaica: Enslavement And Cultural Transformations Of The Gold Coast Diaspora During The 18th Century, Phillip Bancroft Nicholas
Across The Atlantic To Jamaica: Enslavement And Cultural Transformations Of The Gold Coast Diaspora During The 18th Century, Phillip Bancroft Nicholas
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
As the Asante emerged in the 18th century as a political dominant state and continued to expand and consolidate territory in the Gold Coast, the defeated enemies were enslaved and forcibly transported to slave markets. Simultaneously, coastal people in Fante territory convicted of crimes for violating social and cultural norms or kidnapped by private coastal agents were enslaved and taken to slave markets where European buyers purchased them. Those casualties of war and coastal captives were ripped from their families, communities, and culture in the Gold Coast, and then experienced further isolation during the middle passage. The Gold Coast captives …
Internal Colonialism: Questioning The Soviet Union As A Settler Colonial State Through The Deportation Of The Crimean Tatars/Uranium Fever: Willful Ignorance In Service Of Utopia, Zachary Harris
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Internal Colonialism: Questioning the Soviet Union as a Settler Colonial State Through the Deportation of the Crimean Tatars This study examines the deportation of the Crimean Tatars by the Soviet Union in 1944 and questions whether it was an example of settler colonialism in action. The Soviet Union’s actions throughout its history have often been deemed colonial and imperialist, however settler colonial theory has rarely been applied to Soviet studies. At a surface level, the deportation appears to fit into settler colonial theory, however upon further scrutiny it becomes clear that it fails to satisfy the necessary conditions. The evidence …
A School For Leaders: Continental Army Officer Training And Civilian Leadership In The Trans-Appalachian West, David Lawrence Ward
A School For Leaders: Continental Army Officer Training And Civilian Leadership In The Trans-Appalachian West, David Lawrence Ward
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
This paper investigates the Continental Army’s junior leaders (sergeants, ensigns, lieutenants, and captains) who moved westward postwar and used the abilities acquired during military training in their new communities in Kentucky, Tennessee, and Ohio. This skill set included leading diverse individuals under arduous conditions, functioning within a bureaucracy, performing managerial tasks, and maintaining law and order in nascent communities. The Continental Army’s leadership development program for junior leaders centered on Baron von Steuben’s Regulations for the order and discipline of the troops of the United States, better known as the Blue Book. Unlike other contemporary military manuals, the Blue Book …
"By The Dear, Immortal Memory Of Washington"/The Baptists, Culture, And The Law In Eighteenth-Century Virginia, Douglas Breton
"By The Dear, Immortal Memory Of Washington"/The Baptists, Culture, And The Law In Eighteenth-Century Virginia, Douglas Breton
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
"By the Dear, Immortal Memory of Washington" Americans have long used the Founding Fathers as symbols of patriotism, invoking their names and using their images whenever they wish to demonstrate that a particular way of thinking or acting is true to American ideals. The vague patriotic image of the founders tends to eclipse their actual character, allowing diverse and competing movements to all use them. This has been especially true of George Washington, who long enjoyed a preeminent and almost mythic status among the founders. During the 1860s, both secessionists and unionists claimed him as their own in order to …
Watchful Waiting / Money Bags And Cannon Balls, William Sutherland
Watchful Waiting / Money Bags And Cannon Balls, William Sutherland
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Watchful Waiting: U.S. Neutrality Law in the Atlantic World: 1815-1819. This paper addressed the ways in which American statesmen responded to the diplomatic crisis of American citizens serving as privateers for the rebelling countries of South America during the South American Wars for Independence. Most specifically, this paper analyzes the strategy of President James Monroe, who crafted a elastic and flexible policy of "watchful waiting," which allowed the state to capitalize on events and situations in U.S. favor without bringing the nation into war with Spain. From a position of international weakness, U.S. statesmen were able to take advantage of …
Community And Culture: Material Life In Shenandoah County, Virginia, 1750-1850, Sarah E. Thomas
Community And Culture: Material Life In Shenandoah County, Virginia, 1750-1850, Sarah E. Thomas
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
This dissertation explores material life in the northern Shenandoah Valley of Virginia from 1750 to 1850 through extant objects and those found in the documentary record. In the process, it highlights diverse processes of community formation that took place among artisans in Shenandoah County. This work provides three different perspectives on the processes of community formation in Shenandoah County, focusing on the impermanent buildings of early settlers, the growth of permanence at an ironworking community at Redwell Furnace and Pine Forge, and cultural markers in the furniture and material life of artisans Godfrey Wilkin and Johannes Spitler. The project brings …
Performative Circulations Of St. Martín De Porres In The African Diaspora, James Patrick Padilioni, Jr.
Performative Circulations Of St. Martín De Porres In The African Diaspora, James Patrick Padilioni, Jr.
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
"Performative Circulations of St. Martín de Porres in the African Diaspora" examines the significance of the first American Catholic saint of African descent, the Peruvian friar Martín de Porres (1579-1639), through several case studies that track iconographic circulations and ritual-performative restagings of Martín across the African Diaspora between the seventeenth and twenty-first centuries. I approach Martín de Porres as both an historical figure and a figure of repetition and re-figuration in Black Diasporic cultures. Martín's material life and the diffusion of his cult of devotion following his death form a prism for interrogating the (re)formations of Diasporic Catholicism, when the …
An Order To Society/A Place Where "You Can Live Freedom", James Franklin Lowe
An Order To Society/A Place Where "You Can Live Freedom", James Franklin Lowe
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
"An Order to Society: Soeur Ste. Reine and the New Orleans Ursulines as Agents of Empire, 1727-1779" addresses the Ursuline Sisters of New Orleans as participants in an international, multiethnic system. All of these men and women helped to create a society and morality for colonial Louisiana and its capital city. Catherine Mauricette de Kerogon de l'Etang, Soeur Ste. Reine provides insight into the secular, temporal implications of her Sisters' ministry in New Orleans. After her return to a convent in Normandy, Kerogon wrote a series of letters to the French Court, asking for monetary compensation and defining herself as …
Making A Home Out Of No Home: ‘Colored’ Orphan Asylums In Virginia, 1867–1930, August Butler
Making A Home Out Of No Home: ‘Colored’ Orphan Asylums In Virginia, 1867–1930, August Butler
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No research has been done on institutions created for African American orphans in the South after the Civil War, leaving a significant gap in the literature surrounding not only the nature and operation of these institutions but also how they reflected the various conceptions of the New South that competed for acceptance during Reconstruction and beyond. How individuals and organizations, particularly religious organizations, imagined the “problem” of the black orphan and the nature of a society that failed to deal with it affected the “solutions” they devised in the form of orphan asylums. Four case studies of orphanages in Virginia, …
Literary Continuities/Imperative Education, Jane Snyder
Literary Continuities/Imperative Education, Jane Snyder
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Literary Continuities: British Books and the Britishness of Their Early American Readers People get their worldview from what they read. in a reading-saturated society such as 18th-century America, the most popular books determined the public consciousness. as such, the origin of these books must be carefully examined. Herein lies the question of whose books and ideas were popularized. According to quantitative analysis of primary evidence gathered from private and public library collections as well as booksellers' advertisements and inventories, the majority of books read in 18th-century America could be considered British more than American. Before, during, and after the American …
Rebellion And Ethnicity In Colonial New York: Jacob Leisler, Nicholas Bayard And Their World, Rachael Nicole Headrick
Rebellion And Ethnicity In Colonial New York: Jacob Leisler, Nicholas Bayard And Their World, Rachael Nicole Headrick
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
This dissertation is an analysis of the political chaos in New York in the second half of the 1600s and the effect that had on the Dutch-identified population there, specifically the development of a distinct New York Dutch ethnicity. The ultimate conclusion of this dissertation is that political turmoil in New York from 1664 through the early years of the eighteenth century, turmoil brought about largely by events in England and continental Europe, caused a split in the Dutch population. One part of that community developed a new identification as a distinct people, a New York Dutch ethnicity. Another part …
Dolly Parton And Southern Womanhood / Race, Respectability, And Sexuality In The Mid-Century South, Madalyn Bell
Dolly Parton And Southern Womanhood / Race, Respectability, And Sexuality In The Mid-Century South, Madalyn Bell
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
“There is No Such Thing as Natural Beauty”: Dolly Parton’s Cinematic Performances and Concepts of Southern Womanhood Despite the influx of scholarship surrounding popular film and gender in recent years, little to no studies focus on one star’s impact on concepts of identity. The existing scholarship tends to investigate how types of films influence spectators’ understanding of the identities represented on screen. For instance, a study of female friendship films would argue that the spectators’ concepts of relationships and female to female interaction would be influenced. This paper aims to study one actress whose multiple representations of the same identity, …
’Wretched Petitioners’: Jamaican Maroon’S Petitions/ Catiline And Caesar In Early American Insults And The Whiskey Rebellion, Connor Fenton
’Wretched Petitioners’: Jamaican Maroon’S Petitions/ Catiline And Caesar In Early American Insults And The Whiskey Rebellion, Connor Fenton
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
The ‘Wretched Petitioners’: Jamaican Maroon’s Petitions, 1795-1800 In 1795 the Jamaican Maroons from Trelawney Town revolted against the British. The rebellion was short lived but sent shockwaves across the Island that saw the British Governor, Lord Balcarres, gather the Assembly of Jamaica and order the removal of the rebellious Maroons. The Jamaican Maroons responded to Barclarres, not with renewed violence, but with British legal strategies by employing petitions in order to try and salvage their stay on the Island. Sic Semper Tyrannis: Catiline and Caesar in Early American Insults, Allusions, and The Whiskey Rebellion, 1789-1804 The use of classical allusions …
Fear, Foreigners And Federalism: The Naturalization Act Of 1790 And American Citizenship/Foundering Friendship: French Disillusionment After The Battle Of Yorktown, Cody Nager
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
The Naturalization Act of 1790’s requirements of residency and “good character,” reveal that the First Congress set the limits on the access of immigrants to citizenship to mostly restrict European foreigners, rather than African Americans or Native Americans. These residency and “good character” clauses resulted from a combination of concerns regarding foreigners that came to prominence during the Confederation Period. Among these fears were the perceived abilities of immigrants to the gain control over land in the trans-Appalachian West and control over political influence in the unstable political order after the American Revolution. These worries about national stability were inflamed …
P.S. Don’T Tell My Mother: American Children Debate Race And Civil Rights, 1946-1991, Cara Anson Elliott
P.S. Don’T Tell My Mother: American Children Debate Race And Civil Rights, 1946-1991, Cara Anson Elliott
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Thousands of children throughout the United States participated in debates over race-based civil rights that occurred from the late 1940s through the early 1990s. One of the ways in which young Americans contributed to racial conflicts was by offering their opinions in letters and other writings. Children defended particular positions in the midst of national battles over integration, racial violence, desegregation, busing, urban uprisings, racial representation, poverty, and drugs. By communicating their interpretations of race and rights over the course of fifty years, children contributed to the development of American racial discourses. Children composed arguments both for and against racial …