Arts and Humanities Commons^™

Red Stone, Invisible Legacy: Goan Aesthetics In Charles Correa's Design, Vishvesh Prabhakar Kandolkar, R. Benedito Ferrão

Arts & Sciences Articles

Excerpt from publication: "The obituary for Charles Correa (1930-2015) in the New York Times hails him as an ''American trained" architect, who reached "deep into India's past for inspiration in producing work that is notable for its imagination and breadth."1 Of course, Correa's design practice drew from "Indian" traditions, including the use of the mandala, a sacred geometric configuration associated with Buddhism. The visibility of mandalas in the architect's designs questions the alignment of his legacy with an Indianness that can only be understood as heralding a mythic Hindu past..."

“Thirsteth For The Blood Of America”: Propaganda And Violence During The American Revolution, Taylor Fischer

Undergraduate Research Awards

Excerpt from paper: "On December 14, 1763, a group of discontented farmers from the Pennsylvania frontier, called the Paxton Boys, arrived at Conestoga Manor in Lancaster County. The Paxton Boys were Scots-Irish Presbyterians who aimed to take over a Quaker colony. The group of farmers murdered six peaceful Conestoga Indians who were under the long-standing protection of the colonial Pennsylvania government. After the initial attack, Pennsylvania’s government placed the remaining Conestoga in a Lancaster jailhouse for their supposed protection. The Paxton Boys then traveled to Lancaster and slaughtered fourteen more Conestoga peoples. These murderous and militant frontiersmen claimed that the …

“On Earth, As It Is In Heaven”: The Holy Family And Beguines In The Southern Low Countries (Ca. 1230-Ca. 1500), Harrison Klingman

Undergraduate Research Awards

Excerpt from paper: "Differing from their monastic contemporaries, beguines were uncloistered religious women who took temporary vows of chastity while splitting their lives between the religious and secular spheres. In the late twelfth century, beguine communities began on a small and informal scale until papal approval in 1233 sanctioned their lifestyle; thereafter, large communities known as beguinages started to materialize.1 During this religious movement, beguines were faced with various questions over how to structure their family lives. Navigating through these uncertain waters, beguines ultimately found a solution in the Holy Family’s example by modeling their lives after the Virgin and …

The Uninvited Host: Goa And The Parties Not Meant For Its People, R. Benedito Ferrão, Angela Ferrão, Maria Vanessa De Sa

Arts & Sciences Articles

Despite its history as a favored destination for hippies from the West in the 1960s and 1970s, present-day party tourism in Goa largely attracts Indian travelers. This is a product of the post-1990s liberalization of the Indian economy, coupled with the exoticization of Goa, which has rendered it a pleasure periphery to the subcontinent. Such difference, and attraction, occurs because, unlike most of the rest of the India that annexed Goa, the region was a Portuguese colony until 1961. Goa’s Lusitanization suggests a more liberal milieu, social gatherings with music and dancing being commonplace culturally, for example. While tourism has …

Civic Virtue In Non-Ideal Republics, M. Victoria Costa

Arts & Sciences Articles

This paper defends a neorepublican account of civic virtue as consisting of stable traits of character, understood in broadly Aristotelian terms, that exhibit excellences associated with the role of citizen, and that contribute to the secure protection of freedom as non-domination. Such an account is important for the neorepublican project because neither laws nor social norms can yield reliable support for republican freedom without a parallel input from civic virtue. The paper emphasizes the need to distinguish civic virtue from desirable norms, which can operate in tandem. Against other neorepublican accounts of civic virtue, it argues that the primary function …

Decoloniality And Tropicality: Part Two, Anita Lundberg, Hannah Regis, (...), R. Benedito Ferrão, Et Al.

Arts & Sciences Articles

The papers collected together in this special issue on the theme ‘decoloniality and tropicality’ discuss and demonstrate how we can move towards disentangling ourselves from persistent colonial epistemologies and ontologies. Engaging theories of decoloniality and postcolonialism with tropicality, the articles explore the material poetics of philosophical reverie; the 'tropical natureculture' imaginaries of sex tourism, ecotourism, and militourism; deep readings of an anthropophagic movement, ecocritical literature, and the ecoGothic; the spaces of a tropical flâneuseand diasporic vernacular architecture; and in the decoloniality of education, a historical analysis of colonial female education and a film analysis for contemporary educational praxis.

Decolonizing The Tropics: Part One, Anita Lundberg, Sophie Chao, R. Benedito Ferrão, Ashton Sinamai, Et Al.

Arts & Sciences Articles

This special issue is a collection of papers that addresses and enacts the theme of decolonizing the tropics. Each article provides a sense of how we can untangle ourselves from entrenched colonial epistemologies and ontologies through detailed articulations of research practice. Drawing together humanities and social sciences, the papers collectively address questions of whose voices are heard or silenced, what positions we write from, how we are allowed to articulate our ideas, and through which mediums we present our research. In doing so, the contributions foreground the critical importance of these and other questions in any move towards decolonizing the …

Infrastructures Of Race? Colonial Indigenous Segregation And Contemporaneous Urban Sorting, Luis Baldomero-Quintana, Guillermo Woo-Mora, Enrique De La Rosa-Ramos

Arts & Sciences Articles

We study the impacts of a colonial segregation policy on modern-day spatial population patterns and residential sorting by human capital in Mexican cities. After the Conquest, the Spanish aimed to segregate Indigenous individuals into settlements called pueblos de indios. While the segregation policy lasted until the end of the colonial era, we use present-day census data at the block level on population, schooling and access to medical services to understand the persistent effects of pueblos on within-city structure. First, we document a spatial non-monotonic correlation between the location of the pueblos and population deagglomerations. Second, we study the causal impact …

Translator’S Introduction To ‘Notebook From The Trip To Visit The Hopi Indians’ By André Breton*, Katharine Conley

Arts & Sciences Articles

This Translator’s Introduction provides additional context for Breton’s “Notebook from the Trip to Visit the Hopi Indians,” based on scholarship published since the 1999 publication of the “Notebook” in the edition of Breton’s Complete Works edited by Etienne-Alain Hubert. In the twenty-five years since that initial publication, new studies on Hopi history and culture have been published by Native scholars such as Lomayumtewa C. Ishii and by non-Native scholars such as Thomas Sheridan and Wesley Bernardini, who have worked closely with the Hopi. This additional scholarship extends the background already provided by Hubert in his Introduction from 1999.

(Un)Seeing Goa’S Bom Jesus In Vishvesh Prabhakar Kandolkar’S This Is Not The Basilica!, R. Benedito Ferrão

Arts & Sciences Articles

This article examines the interrogation of visual history associated with Goan church architectural legacies offered by Vishvesh Prabhakar Kandolkar’s installation series, This is Not the Basilica! (2021). The artist’s subject is the 16th-century Basilica of Bom Jesus, which was built in locally domesticated Baroque style during Goa’s Portuguese colonial era and which houses the remains of the Spanish saint, Francis Xavier. Kandolkar’s work makes viewers intimate with the Basilica’s history, I contend, so as to posit the need for conservation efforts that will save the deteriorating church while also revealing its unseen aesthetic past as a symbol of still-unfolding Goan …

From The Studio To The Field: André Breton’S ‘Hopi Notebook’, Katharine Conley

Arts & Sciences Articles

André Breton’s visit to the Hopi villages of Arizona in 1945 had an impact on his view of the world and of the objects he collected. His response to what he witnessed in the month when the United States dropped the bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki was reflected in the notebook he kept on his trip, known as the “Hopi Notebook,” and in the poem he began writing that summer, “Ode to Charles Fourier.” His belief in the liveliness of repurposed things, haunted by their former lives, was particularly pertinent to the Hopi katsina figures he collected on his trip …

The Mark I And The Canvas Of War: Gender Roles And Military Vehicles, Coran Goss

Undergraduate Research Awards

Excerpt from paper: "When my professor introduced us to our COLL-100 final project about telling stories with certain objects, I knew that I wanted to research something related to the military. Weapons, vehicles, uniforms, and other military equipment can give insight into how industrially advanced a country is, not only militarily, but also economically and culturally. In the following project, I describe the process that I went through when conducting my research on a tank I found in a British museum, as well as exploring the narrative pushed by the museum exhibit the tank is located in. I will demonstrate …

Manufacturing The Freak: Animality And The Western Sideshow, Sebastian Cannito

Undergraduate Research Awards

Excerpt from paper: "Come one, come all to the fascinating world of the carnival: a wonderland at first glance, something from a dream or a nightmare. Spirited jingles from a cheap speaker are playing overhead and everything is painted to look like a circus clown. Step right up! The carnival talker beckons you inside. “Freaks! Live! Dead! Other! SEE THEM NOW!”

Little captured the spirit of this place better than the sideshow banner. For a long time, these painted tarps were valued only for their ability to lure in an audience; once obsolete, they were reused as scraps. Since then, …

“Lepers For Show:” The Performance Of Medical Authority And The Illusion Of The Chinese Medical Threat In Nineteenth-Century America, Claire Wyszynski

Undergraduate Research Awards

Excerpt from the paper: "The energy of the crowd was infectious. On a fateful day in August 1884, over 200 men flocked to the City Hall of Washington, DC. They gathered to hear the remarks of Dr. Charles C. O’Donnell, the candidate for coroner of San Francisco, who had traveled across the country from California to deliver a speech to their city. It was unusual for a local politician of the West to journey so far for a speaking engagement, but this peculiarity only seemed to warm the crowd to him more. Under the shadow of the Capitol, the anticipation …

Understanding The Public Health Role, Motivations, And Perceptions Of Community Health Workers Deployed To Low-Income Housing In Richmond, Virginia, Iyabo Obasanjo, Alison Scott, Monica Griffin, Amma Agyemang-Duah, Charlie Westhoff, Stephanie Toney, Patrice Shelton

Arts & Sciences Articles

Background

Method

The Jew Who Fed An Army: Jacob Benjamin And The French Revolution, Ronald Schechter

Arts & Sciences Articles

This article tells the story of a Jewish army supplier in the French Revolution. Jacob Benjamin literally fed an army: the Army of the South (l’Armée du Midi), a vast force that spread from the Pyrenees to the Alps. He provided meat for every one of the army’s 30,000 soldiers for the second half of 1792. He sold goods to three of France’s four other armies (of the North, the Centre, and the Rhine). His shoes were probably on the feet of the soldiers who won the battle of Valmy, a battle that prevented France’s enemies from suppressing the Revolution. …

Uma Breve História Visual Da Longa Vida Da Basílica Do Bom Jesus Em Goa/ A Short Visual History Of The Long Life Of Goa's Basilica Of Bom Jesus, Vishvesh Prabhakar Kandolkar, R. Benedito Ferrão

Arts & Sciences Articles

Neste ensaio fotográfico, oferecemos uma variedade de representações da Basílica do Bom Jesus, a estrutura que abriga famosamente os restos mortais de São Francisco Xavier, destacando suas transformações estéticas ao longo da história. Através desta jornada visual, intervimos em debates em curso sobre a aparência da Basílica, surgidos pela necessidade de alterar a aparência icônica do edifício. Tal educação visual pode acelerar sua reconstituição, uma restauração que retorna a Basílica à sua forma original e prolongará sua vida protegendo-a de danos relacionados ao clima.

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In this photo essay, we offer a variety of representations of the Basilica of Bom …

Black Lives, White Kids: White Parenting Practices Following Black-Led Protests, Allison P. Anoll, Andrew M. Engelhardt, Mackenzie Israel-Trummel

Arts & Sciences Articles

Summer 2020 saw widespread protests under the banner Black Lives Matter. Coupled with the global pandemic that kept America’s children in the predominant care of their parents, we argue that the latter half of 2020 offers a unique moment to consider whites’ race-focused parenting practices. We use Google Trends data and posts on public parenting Facebook pages to show that the remarkable levels of protest activity in summer 2020 served as a focusing event that not only directed Americans’ attention to racial concepts but connected those concepts to parenting. Using a national survey of non-Hispanic white parents with white school-age …

Quality Of Communications Infrastructure, Local Structural Transformation, And Inequality, Camilo Acosta, Luis Baldomero-Quintana

Arts & Sciences Articles

We analyze the causal impact of improvements in the quality of communication infrastructure on the structural transformation of US counties. Our treatment is the quality of communication infrastructure in a county, measured by the average Internet speed offered to businesses. We use as an instrumental variable the spatial structure of ARPANET, a network funded by the Department of Defense that is considered the precursor of the Internet, and whose location we determine using historical government documents. We show that faster Internet stimulates short-run growth and increases the shares of employment and GDP in high-skilled services, while negatively affecting sectors such …

‘Pavilions Of Dreaming’: Bodies As Structures In Kay Sage’S Demain, Monsieur Silber, Katharine Conley

Arts & Sciences Articles

Born Katherine Linn Sage near Albany, New York, in 1898, Kay Sage is best known for her “architectonic” landscapes, described as her “private cloudland” in Time magazine. Less well known are her four volumes of poetry published between 1957 and 1962, three in French, one in English. Although her paintings are devoid of living beings, with one notable exception, they are populated with structures and structural elements, which, in her poems, stand in for herself, for her own body, as a supplement to her painted work. Her friend James Thrall Soby described the abstracted structures in her paintings as “pavilions …

Behind The Brick Walls: On “Hearth” And Slavery At The William & Mary, Terry L. Meyers

Arts & Sciences Articles

Excerpt from the article: "The William & Mary was the second university in the U.S. after Brown University to establish a funded, institutional examination of its dark history of complicity with slavery and Jim Crow segregation. After resolutions from the Student Assembly and Faculty Assembly, the Board of Visitors in 2009 established the Lemon Project: A Journey of Reconciliation, named after Lemon, a man enslaved by the College..."

W&M’S Kkk Flagpole: Found?, Terry L. Meyers

Arts & Sciences Articles

Excerpt from the article: "Ever since 2008, when I wrote a piece for the Gazette about Williamsburg’s almost century old encounter with the KKK, I’ve been on a hunt for a flagpole. In 1926, 5000 Klansmen flocked to town to see W&M dedicate the Klan’s gift to the College—a huge American flag and a 70 foot flagpole to fly it. I wanted to know what became of that pole..."

The “Shoe Holly” And The “Dressing Trees” On Richmond Road, Terry L. Meyers

Arts & Sciences Articles

Excerpt from the article: "A site connecting the W&M campus and local Black history should be recorded--the “Shoe Holly” on Richmond Road, just off the corner of Bryan Hall..."

The “Peculiar Institution” In And Near Williamsburg, Terry L. Meyers

Arts & Sciences Articles

Excerpt from the article: "Slavery in Williamsburg and nearby—what was it like? Depends on who you ask..."

Scenes From Williamsburg’S 19th Century, Terry L. Meyers

Arts & Sciences Articles

Excerpt from the article: "When the capital of Virginia shifted from Williamsburg to Richmond in 1780, Williamsburg’s history shifted too, but did not end—three little known accounts of the town offer glimpses of life into the nineteenth century..."

Writing At The Bray School: Part 2, Terry L. Meyers

Arts & Sciences Articles

Excerpt: "In the last several years the contested question of whether Mrs. Wager taught writing at the Williamsburg Bray School has come up anew in several venues. In this follow-up to my earlier piece, “Writing at the Bray School,” I examine these recent developments..."

The Cash Crop Revolution, Colonialism And Economic Reorganization In Africa, Philip Roessler, Yannick I. Pengl, Robert Marty, Kyle Sorlie Titlow, Nicholas Van De Walle

Arts & Sciences Articles

In the 19th and 20th centuries, African economies experienced a significant structural transformation from the slave trades to commercial agriculture. We analyze the long-run impact of this economic transition focusing on the dynamic effects of: shifting geographic fundamentals to favor agroclimatic suitability for cash crops; infrastructural investments to reduce trade costs; and external forward production linkages. Using agro-climatic suitability scores and historical data on the source location of more than 95 percent of all exports across 38 African states, we assess the consequences of these changes on economic reorganization across the continent. We find that colonial cash crop production had …

Ife-Sungbo, Notebook No. 1, 2022, GéRard Chouin

Oduduwa & Ita Yemoo Archeological Site

No abstract provided.

Oduduwa & Itayemoo Transparencies, 2022, GéRard Chouin

Oduduwa & Ita Yemoo Archeological Site

No abstract provided.

Theology In African American Spirituals And White Protestant Hymnody: A Comparative Study, Justin Oei

Undergraduate Research Awards

"The spiritual is one of the most significant windows into the religious experiences of Black Americans. This paper will analyze the theological content of the spiritual, and 19th/20thcentury Black religious practice more broadly, alongside that of contemporary white Protestant hymnody. Fundamentally, the African American Christian experience is based around the promise of liberation from oppression by the Messiah; it seeks justice for the downtrodden and a Kingdom of God based on equity.

I posit that, through a comparative analysis of selected Black spirituals and contemporaneous white hymnody, the spiritual’s theological content will be more focused on liberation as expressed through …