Arts and Humanities Commons^™

Horace Walpole And The Methodists, Samuel J. Rogal

University of Dayton Review

In England between 1739 and 1775, opposition to the Methodist movement and its leadership-especially John Wesley (1703-1791), his brother Charles (1707-1788), George Whitefield (1714-1770). and Lady Selina Shirley, Countess of Huntingdon (1707-1791)-assumed three distinct forms: Anglican bishops prohibited Methodist preachers from conducting services in Established churches; mobs, instigated by Anglican vicars, rioted at Society meetings; beginning around 1739 and continuing even into the nineteenth century, a steady stream of anti-Methodist pamphleteers poured forth invective and twisted Biblical evidence in an effort to expose what they generally concluded to be political traitors, religious heretics, and empty-minded enthusiasts. These opponents, although achieving …

Fathers And Son: Conrad's The Shadow Line As An Initiation Rite Of Passage, Donald Gutierrez

University of Dayton Review

Conrad's late short novel The Shadow Line, which has struck some critics as a poorly constructed romance, acquires coherence and depth when regarded as an initiation rite of passage. Indeed the ritual character of this story is so dominant in orienting the protagonist and his initiatory society significantly as to constitute the chief narrative mode in the story. Society in this fiction is divided in ways that highlight ritual features but also ironize the initiand, the initiators, and, by implication, the community, the basic triad in traditional initiation ceremony. Its ritualistic character, furthermore, is accentuated by a pattern of motifs …

The Ghost Of Cromwell — Republican Revolution Without Military Dictatorship: The American Constitutional Experience, 1775-1800, Stephen M. Millett

University of Dayton Review

Lt. Gen. Oliver Cromwell met with the House of Commons in a stormy session on April 20, 1653. Enraged by their obstinacy, he harangued the Commons with violent language. "Perhaps you think that this is not Parliamentary language; I confess it is not; neither are you to expect any such from me," he concluded defiantly. "You are no Parliament, I say you are no Parliament. I will put an end to your sitting." At his command, his troops entered the hall and pulled the Speaker off his chair. Cromwell had forcibly terminated the Long Parliament, which had governed for the …

Napoleon I And Education In The Sciences: One Aspect Of The Two Cultures In Conflict, Raymond J. Maras

University of Dayton Review

Several years ago the position was taken that Napoleon's patronage of the sciences when weighed against the provisions for the teaching of science in the schools seems to be in the nature of propaganda. According to the research on the subject, science, under the Napoleonic aegis, was defined in a narrow, utilitarian manner and "any attempt to institutionalize a concept of science which went beyond this utilitarianism was immediately thwarted." Hence, Napoleon's contribution was merely to continue the close link between science and the military which the Revolution introduced. In fact, in Napoleon's regime "the pursuit of a scientific education …

Menelik Ii: Another Look, Erving E. Beauregard

University of Dayton Review

Mankind has a penchant for adulation. This trait glows in the great man theory of history. Thomas Carlyle gave the classic rendition of this: "We come now to the last form of Heroism; that which we call Kingship. The Commander over Men; he to whose will our wills are to be subordinated, and loyally surrender ourselves, and find their welfare in doing so, may be reckoned the most important of Great Men." Carlyle, being a racist, raised only Europeans to that supreme hall of the earthly Valhalla. Various writers, historians and other sundry, perhaps lesser, breeds, have entered the fray …

The Fox And The Hyenas, Leroy V. Eid

University of Dayton Review

In late October of 1884 a huge parade wended its muddy way in a heavy rain down the streets of New York City. A fascinated English visitor watched as a thousand lawyers chanted their ridiculous:

Blaine, Blaine, James G. Blaine
We don't care a bit for the rain,
O-O-O-O-HI-O

The visitor knew they were celebrating the state of Ohio voting in favor of James G. Blaine for the presidency. Modern historians are just as amazed as was James Bryce, the first Viscount Bryce, when he described this unreal scene in his classic work, The American Commonwealth. Who was Blaine and …

This Side Of Rapture: The Quiet Sisterhood Of The British Feminists, Alice Gilmore Vines

University of Dayton Review

"Women were struck with fists and knees, knocked down, dragged up, hurled from hand to hand, and sent reeling back, bruised and bleeding, into the arms of the crowd. They were no longer demonstrators; they were monsters, their presence unendurable. They were pummeled and they were pinched, their thumbs were forced back, their arms twisted, their breasts gripped, their faces rubbed against the pailings; and this went on for nearly six hours ... there were a certain number of tough characters who did not choose to let this opportunity slip, and some ... were dragged away and miserably ill-treated; indeed, …

A Historian Looks At Frank Lloyd Wright And The Nature Of Architecture, Frank F. Mathias

University of Dayton Review

Is it possible for contemporary historians to evaluate accurately the work of Frank Lloyd Wright? It must be realized than an accurate evaluation of the work of any creative genius presupposes much more than a mere opinion on the part of the evaluator. An architect who blandly asserts that history is no more than a dusty trail of dates, may stack many bricks but will probably be unable to provide a home for the evolving spirit of mankind. Similarly, a historian who believes that architecture is limited to the physical qualities of stone and wood is often the one who …

The Abolition Of Slavery In The British West Indies; The Case Of Barbados, Bruce Taylor

University of Dayton Review

In June of 1833, the British Parliament passed an act to abolish slavery within the imperial system. While this was the beginning of a profound legal revolution in the British West Indies, it was a logical result of a series of reforms by Parliament in response to a relentless drive by abolitionist forces and a corresponding loss of political influence by the West Indian planters. The planters were able only to salvage a cash payment as compensation for their loss of property and a period of adjustment euphemistically called "apprenticeship."

Dayton And The Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, George Ruppell S.M.

University of Dayton Review

Even today some people wonder why Dayton, Ohio is called the home of aviation and the mention of McCook, Wright and Patterson fields seems like another mystery. Even the news media before 1910 missed the big story. In Dayton the two sons of Bishop Milton Wright, Wilbur and Orville, bicycle builders and repairmen, thought that they could fly with an engine, and at the same time there was Samuel P. Langley, the head of the Smithsonian Institute in Washington, D.C., doing the same thing. The Dayton boys corresponded with everyone they thought would have some experience with flying. Octave Chanute …

Mussolini And The Vatican: 1922-1943, James E. Mcgoldrick

University of Dayton Review

It has become common among students of totalitarianism to dismiss Benito Mussolini as an incompetent braggard whose every effort finally met with ridiculous failure. Indeed, if there were any comic aspect of World War II, it was provided by 11 Duce trying to be an imperialist. His abortive invasion of Greece, Hitler's rejection of his offer to contribute Italian troops for the invasion of Russia and his continual posing for photographers with arm raised and lower lip jutting out give one the impression that Mussolini was a theatrical ham the world would always have difficulty taking seriously.

Any realistic appraisal …

Vows, Prayers, And Dice: Comic Values In The Man Of Mode, Roberta F.S. Borkat

University of Dayton Review

“Because religion makes some run mad, must I live an atheist?” (I,i, Young Bellair)
br> “… because some who want temper have been undone by gaming, must others who have it wholly deny themselves the pleasure of play?” (III, iii, Harriet)

These statements, which refer to love, are spoken by two of the most successful characters in The Man of Mode. The similes comparing love to religion and love to a game echo each other because of their similar structure; furthermore, they vibrate throughout the playas central images which explain the system of comic values in The Man of Mode. …

Narrative Comedy In Wallace Stevens' "The Comedian As The Letter C", K. E. Marre

University of Dayton Review

Readings of Wallace Stevens' "The Comedian as the Letter C" take several directions. The allegorical, literal, and philosophical aspects of the poem have received much attention and have illuminated ways in which the poem can be meaningful. The style of the poem, however, has been of constant interest to critics, and aspects of it have attracted attention, but those readings that deal with it do not concern the narrator's function in the comedy of the poem. It is my belief that the poem would perhaps be more accessible if the kind of comic technique in it were explained. Crispin's reduction …

Die Marionette Ais Interpretationsansatz Zu Bölls Ansichten Eines Clowns, Ralf R. Nicolai

University of Dayton Review

No abstract provided.

Geld Und Liebe In Bölls Roman Und Sagte Kein Einziges Wort, Ehrhard Bahr

University of Dayton Review

No abstract provided.

Emilia Gaiotti And The Limits Of Psychological Criticism, Frank G. Ryder

University of Dayton Review

Psychoanalytic and psychological criticism of literature abounds, but the encounter, in an integral reading, of a fully qualified psychologist and an acknowledged literary masterpiece is not a commonplace event. In this light a recent interpretation of Lessing's Emilia Galotti deserves attention. In addressing myself to it, I am more interested in examining the implications and consequences of the encounter than in making ad hoc objections to a specific interpreter or his work. Admittedly the line of separation is sometimes obscure.

A Feminist Critique Of Böll's Ansichten Eines Clowns, Evelyn T. Beck

University of Dayton Review

At this point in time, we cannot honestly speak of feminist criticism as if it were a single, unified approach. As a method, it is still in the process of being forged, and for this reason, I believe it would be more accurate to speak in terms of a variety of feminist approaches, some focusing on women characters, some on women writers, yet others linking up with existing modes of criticism. There is however, one basic assumption that unites all feminist perspectives: They take as given that women are as important as men—that is, they reject the male-centered view of …

Cover And Front Matter, University Of Dayton

University of Dayton Review

Cover, table of contents

Introduction, Robert C. Conard

University of Dayton Review

With this appearance of the UDR, it is the third time an issue of the journal has published the papers of the Heinrich Böll Seminar of the Modern Language Association of America. For cooperation in this effort to publish important recent criticism of the work of Heinrich Böll thanks are due to the organizer of the 1975 seminar, Professor Gertrud Pickar of the University of Houston, and to the participants in the seminar: Professors Theodore Ziolkowski of Princeton University, Evelyn Beck of the University of Wisconsin, Ralf Nicolai of the University of Georgia, Ehrhard Bahr of the University of California, …

The Soviet Version Of Heinrich Böll’S Gruppenbild Mit Dame: The Translator As Censor, Henry Glade, Konstantin Bogatyrev

University of Dayton Review

All of Heinrich Böll’s major fictional works have been translated into Russian and have appeared in book form, except for "Irisches Tagebuch" (Novij mir) and "Ende einer Dienstfahrt" (Inostrannaja literatura). In accordance with the special rules and quirks of the Soviet publishing system, issuance of his major works has not proceeded in chronological order: from Und sagte kein einziges Wort in 1957 to the volume comprising Der Zug war pünktlich; Im Tal der donnernden Hufe; Entfernung von der Truppe in 1971. Publication of any foreign book in the Soviet Union is never a routine matter, and …

Thomas Mann And Teachers, Walter D. Morris

University of Dayton Review

Thomas Mann's attitude toward the teaching profession is in many ways a negative one. He attacked and ridiculed conventional teachers, and he made teachers of manners laughable and pitiful. Nevertheless, he did have great respect for the good teacher who is a master in his field and who attracts pupils of ability. The pedagogical ideal which Mann developed is a personal, aesthetic one in which teacher and pupil are drawn together by love and where education takes place as an end in itself. The process is creative, not infrequently involving the demonic. It may lead one into difficulty, but it …

Horse’S Skull And Soul-Mouse: Folklore In A ‘Fairy-Tale’ By Wiihelm Busch, John Fitzell

University of Dayton Review

Elements of folklore in literature—motif and/or symbol—tend to be archetypal by nature. This is eminently true of Busch’s weird skull and mysterious mouse. A perceptive reader senses a symbolic level even in the humorous poem. Goethe’s remarks on motif, symbol, and folk-tale can serve here as an introduction to our examination of what appears to be a mere light verse tale.

Goethe's "Das Gottliche": A New Reading, Christoph E. Schweitzer

University of Dayton Review

The following interpretation of Goethe’s poem "Das Gottliche" is not entirely original: If one considers the fame of the poem—who does not know by heart its first verse?—and the quantity of Goethe scholarship, it stands to reason that some of the ideas presented here can be found elsewhere. We will refer to such agreement at the appropriate place in the article. However, there are major points in our reading of "Das Gottliche" that are original and that let us see the poem in a new light.

The Agrarian Ideology: Fascism As Utopia And Hypocrisy, Jost Hermand

University of Dayton Review

In the eyes of Marxist theorists fascism is seen as the most immediate and brutal manifestation of imperialism ; that is, it is a form of capitalism which seizes upon right-radical elements of society during times of economic and social upheaval in an effort to maintain a system of total suppression and control of public opinion. Internally, fascism is evoked to dissolve the opposition of leftist labor organizations; externally, it launches an aggressive mobilization of the interests of "big business" by creating new colonies, outlets for manufactured goods, sources of raw materials and areas of market manipulation. Thus viewed, Hitler …

The Symbolic Use Of Color In Heinrich Böll's Billard Um Halbzehn, Gertrud Bauer Pickar

University of Dayton Review

The central role of the billiard table and the game played upon it within Böll’s novel has significant ramifications, among them the initiation of a color system, which is subsequently employed consistently throughout the novel. In the course of the text, the reader’s attention is focused repeatedly upon the billiard table and upon the red and white balls rolling over its green surface. Indeed, the words “weiß über grün, rot über griin, rot-weiß über grün” serve as a refrain which becomes one of the key leitmotifs in the work. They establish as well a trio of colors which …

The Author As Advocatus Dei In Heinrich Böll’S Group Portrait With Lady, Theodore Ziolkowski

University of Dayton Review

In the lectures on aesthetics that he delivered in 1963-64 at the University of Frankfurt, Heinrich Böll enunciated a precept that is too often forgotten, or at least ignored, by literary scholars and critics. “The content of a prose work, after all, is its presupposition, a gift; and you shouldn't look a gift horse in the mouth.” Böll does not mean, of course, that content is irrelevant; but he suggests that criticism often neglects to concern itself with that aspect of the literary work that is specifically aesthetic: its form. “Recapitulation of plot without analysis of form makes possible all …

Thomas Mann And 'The Jewish Question': Perhaps The Last Word, Sol Gittleman

University of Dayton Review

Perhaps the least discussed—and for that reason least understood—of the multitudinous facets of Thomas Mann's writings has been that which concerns his image of the Jew. Generally, the subject is not mentioned even in the more comprehensive studies of Mann's works. The story which deals most directly with a Jewish theme, The Blood of the Volsungs (Wälsungenblut, 1905), has attracted relatively little critical attention. This is remarkable for two reasons. Artistically, it is a minor masterpiece; and biographically, the story became the center of a storm of outrage within Mann's own family and precipitated a …

Cover And Front Matter, University Of Dayton

University of Dayton Review

Cover, table of contents

Aquinas And The Community Of Human Persons, Michael W. Strasser

University of Dayton Review

For the sake of simplicity, let us ponder on the community of humans considered as the education and the communication of human persons; an education and a communication that spring forth only from an extraordinary kind of friendship. We shall see that with varying degrees of success, Greeks, Jews and Christians understood this friendship to be primordially an act. Through his study of their three traditions, St. Thomas Aquinas was able to say how this act was realized among us.

We should notice first that when we speak of the human community we are always speaking of a community of …

Masked Men: Person And Persona In The Giving Of Justice, John T. Noonan Jr.

University of Dayton Review

May a judge without moral guilt condemn to death a person he knows to be innocent of the crime for which he is condemned? May an executioner without moral guilt put to death a person he knows to be innocent? The answer of St. Thomas Aquinas to both of these serious moral questions is a qualified “Yes.” I propose to examine his answer, its relation to his view of the person, and the relation of his answer to modern Thomistic personalism.