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Articles 1 - 30 of 54
Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities
Introduction, Lawrence Wheeler
Introduction, Lawrence Wheeler
Anthós Journal (1990-1996)
Provides an overview of the content of the issue. In addition to shorter articles, this volume contains theses from within the Honors program.
The Gospel According To Augustine: Augustine's Use Of The Gospels In The Confessions, Nikki Goodrick
The Gospel According To Augustine: Augustine's Use Of The Gospels In The Confessions, Nikki Goodrick
Anthós Journal (1990-1996)
St. Augustine makes use of many predecessors and precursors throughout his work, the Confessions. Among the most prominent of these predecessors are the writings of the early Christian church, in particular the Gospels. Augustine makes extensive use of the Gospels throughout his work but it is quite obvious that he does not view them to be a homogenous group but four distinctly different books. Augustine approaches each book in a markedly different manner and uses them for distinctly different purposes in the Confessions. He pays special attention to the Gospel of John and from this book he derives the most …
A Salinger-Ized Socrates, Jodi Geren
A Salinger-Ized Socrates, Jodi Geren
Anthós Journal (1990-1996)
Throughout the Gorgias, Plato returns to irony to color the characters in their plights of ambiguity and inability. Present in nearly every layer and language form operating within the work, irony is perhaps the greatest contributing factor to the modernist and timeless tone of the dialogue. Using this technique, Plato is able to layer antagonism, infer implication, and make every character seem slightly out of his element, thus provoking an awkward, but seemingly necessary situation. This paper portrays Socrates as the anti-hero, the ancient Holden Caulfield.
Confessions, Rachel Duvack
Confessions, Rachel Duvack
Anthós Journal (1990-1996)
Augustine of Hippo was a man who wanted two inharmonious states. He wanted to have the security of an absolute and sustaining faith in God, a faith that would have proscribed and clear definitions of what he should believe. At the same time, he was quite unable to control the roaming of his restless, seeking mind. Written 10 years after his conversion, the Confessions is both an exploration of his changed thinking since his conversion and a message from the Bishop of Hippo to his congregants. It is his attempt to reconcile his need for faith with his consuming doubts …
The Protagoras, Rebecca Sparks
The Protagoras, Rebecca Sparks
Anthós Journal (1990-1996)
In the Protagoras Plato points out the reasons Socrates was allowed to be tried and condemned to die even though this was against everything the city stood for. By being at conflict with the society and those around him, and in no small part, because he was a Sophist, Socrates ends up doing himself in. As Socrates moves from one narrative frame to another, he not only shows what it is he cares about, but also how he manages to annoy just about everyone. This paper traces just how Plato illustrates Socrates’s Sophist traits.
Plato's Phaedo, Adam Coberley
Plato's Phaedo, Adam Coberley
Anthós Journal (1990-1996)
Plato's Phaedo is a work in which five complex language forms are used in an intertwining manner in order to form complex ideas. These five language forms are responsible for creating everything that comes out of the Phaedo and are responsible for the formation of any ideas that the reader might make. These forms, narrative frame, periods of debate and interlocution, long speeches, mythopoeisis, and allusions to the cultural corpus join together in order to form the Phaedo. This paper focuses on these concepts but makes more explicit use of the narrative frame to show how all five interact in …
The Consolation Of Philosophy, Heather Springgay
The Consolation Of Philosophy, Heather Springgay
Anthós Journal (1990-1996)
The general situation and theme within Boethius' Consolation of Philosophy, and the Phaedo, contain striking similarities, but even more striking are the differences that redefine Boethius' work. The Consolation presents a work that in its basic text describes the time before Boethius' execution, while the Phaedo examines Socrates before he is put to death. In each work similar discussions on death and dying are presented. These aspects of the works, however, are where the similarities end. Instead, by placing Lady Philosophy in Socrates' position, the reader is able to examine the Phaedo as a dialogue on the life, death and …
A Hermeneutic Reading Of Natalie Barney And Renee Vivien, Antoinette Sherman
A Hermeneutic Reading Of Natalie Barney And Renee Vivien, Antoinette Sherman
Anthós Journal (1990-1996)
Traditional representational discourses have constructed others within Europe-women, homosexuals, the insane-as well as others external to Europe. As two lesbian women born at the turn of the century, Natalie Barney and Renee Vivien were the traditional other to their native land. In response to this, each chose expatriation and made France her permanent home, where they created a working and living relationship that would last for nearly fifteen years. Leaving one's world and culture behind, voluntarily or involuntarily, means engaging oneself in a complex process of composing one's identity and otherness. For Natalie Barney and Renee Vivien, French language and …
The Consolation Of Philosophy, Shawna Purcell
The Consolation Of Philosophy, Shawna Purcell
Anthós Journal (1990-1996)
As twentieth century readers we can understand earlier works such as the Consolation of Philosophy by reading it against a traditional background and applying the four fold scheme of interpretation. This paper shows how Boethius has deeply woven into his poems the philosophies and writing styles of his predecessors Homer, Seneca, Ovid and Plato, including the Stoics. In addition, this paper shows that, like the planets, each unique, but made of similar elements, Boethius attained his own notoriety by building on the works of his predecessors.
Stop Making Me Laugh, Can't You See I'M Dying Here?, Pam Parrish
Stop Making Me Laugh, Can't You See I'M Dying Here?, Pam Parrish
Anthós Journal (1990-1996)
The Phaedo comprises one speech. This speech is delivered in the form of a war; a war that wonders about and is fought over the existence of the soul after the death of the body. Does the soul here perish, or is it truly immortal? The life or death of the soul becomes in this sense the prize of the war-the underlying cause, the quest for knowledge of the Truth. Thus, the side that presents the prevailing theory of the soul receives, not only the honor of possessing the answer to this long and much-sought after question, but also the …
Transgression And Limits In Euripides' Alkestis, Leshu Torchin
Transgression And Limits In Euripides' Alkestis, Leshu Torchin
Anthós Journal (1990-1996)
This paper seeks to understand Euripides' Alkestis in the terms of the transgression described by both Michel Foucault and Longinus. The first section explores transgression as a process that erases the prior limits in order to reconstruct and redefine them. During this process, limits and boundaries are stripped away. A period of horror and liminality ensues in which the meaning of boundaries comes into question. The second section examines the positionality of death as the primary limit that frames the events of the tragedy. The third Section explores the deteriorating functionality of the gender roles held by Admetus and Alkestis. …
Introduction, Lawrence Wheeler
Introduction, Lawrence Wheeler
Anthós Journal (1990-1996)
Provides an overview of the content of the issue. In addition to shorter articles, this volume contains theses from within the Honors program.
Kurt Tucholsky: Left-Wing Intellectual And Politically-Engaged Journalist, David Johnson
Kurt Tucholsky: Left-Wing Intellectual And Politically-Engaged Journalist, David Johnson
Anthós Journal (1990-1996)
Critics of intellectuals have focused on the naive idealism of intellectuals and their tendency to withdraw from the political theater, instead concentrating on their respective specialties. Tucholsky did not fit into this group of intellectuals, as he was an active participant in the political debates of the day. He polemicized, satirized and criticized. He wrote poems and cabarets. When he saw a theme which needed to be addressed, he tackled it; often many times. He focused on real issues. His methods of satire and criticism were purposefully used to highlight the real problems faced by Germany. Tucholsky may have not …
Socrates' Embassy To Cratylus, Jason Lohr
Socrates' Embassy To Cratylus, Jason Lohr
Anthós Journal (1990-1996)
Plato, in the Cratylus, promotes truth as the principal men should aspire to. Socrates beckons us to, by example, smash the dialogue in search for meaning. In doing so; one cannot be sure if one has exited through the same door one has entered or not. It is certain, however, that Socrates would have approved of the search for Plato's truth.
Protean Aspects Of Change In Euripides' Medea, Phillip Wilson
Protean Aspects Of Change In Euripides' Medea, Phillip Wilson
Anthós Journal (1990-1996)
By drawing on the Homeric tradition, Euripides creates an image of Medea as epic hero with aspects of both Achilles and Odysseus. But this is not enough. As this paper shows, ultimately the portrait that emerges of Medea is that of Proteus. In addition, this paper asserts that not only is Medea a protean figure, but the very shape of the drama that Euripides concocts is protean as well. He shapeshifts the traditional aspects of the tragedy he transforms the form.
Monsters Of Antithesis, Melody Leming-Wilson
Monsters Of Antithesis, Melody Leming-Wilson
Anthós Journal (1990-1996)
This paper traces and interrogates the multiple theories of matriarchy that have arisen in recent years and then turns to the Greek myths to show how matriarchies functioned in this literature. The theories of matriarchy often stem from the pre-Hellenic stories of matriarchy shown in Greek myths. In addition, these theories often suggest that the colonizing force of Indo-Europeans changed these myths into patriarchical ones. The Amazonian women can be seen to upset the patriarchal myth in important and interesting ways which suggest a matriarchal underpinning to their society. The question of whether a historical matriarchy actually existed is shown …
Strategic Meaning: Words As Tools Or Traps, Debra Blankenship
Strategic Meaning: Words As Tools Or Traps, Debra Blankenship
Anthós Journal (1990-1996)
Upon initial glance, Plato’s Cratylus appears to be a grand romp of words with Socrates’s wit front and center. But a closer examination of the text shows a deadly serious, carefully plotted battle by Socrates to establish his philosophical perspective as preeminent. Plato thus reveals, by the end of the dialogue, that the true battle that Socrates is waging is the struggle to establish what foundation knowledge shall be built upon.
Homer In Virgil, Thomas Kerns
Homer In Virgil, Thomas Kerns
Anthós Journal (1990-1996)
This paper argues that the biggest influence on Virgil’s Aeneid was Homer’s epics. By tracing Homer’s influence on the Aeneid, there is a heightened sense of the reasons underlying the themes in Virgil’s writing. One of Virgil’s main purposes in writing the Aeneid is to identify Augustus with Aeneas. In the end, this paper suggests that not only are the influences of Homer important for an understanding of the Aeneid, but in fact are vital for it to accomplish its goals.
Protagoras: Recollection Of Return, Roger Zemke
Protagoras: Recollection Of Return, Roger Zemke
Anthós Journal (1990-1996)
The Homeric forms that Plato uses as a template for the Dialogues all contribute to a fictional recasting of the historical figure of Socrates as an epic Hero: the philosopher-king. This paper traces the idea of a recollection of return in the Protagoras as a means by which Plato creates this fictional image of Socrates. The traditional Greek notion of agon, with all its attendant functions and forms, helps Plato reveal a Socrates whose divine right as a philosopher-king would be the best hope for a return to the power and glory of Athens.
Plato's Protagoras: Myth And Democracy On Trial, David Johnson
Plato's Protagoras: Myth And Democracy On Trial, David Johnson
Anthós Journal (1990-1996)
This paper traces how the use of a trial in Plato’s Protagoras serves to highlight the issues of Myth and Democracy; one might even say to put them on trial. While the Protagoras is a complicated work, some aspects of its underlying themes are quite clear. For Plato, democracy pales in comparison to the philosopher-king, and the Protagoras’s structure enables Plato to set up Socrates as just such a figure.
Alteration To Exaltation In Euripides' Medea, Jennifer Blakeslee
Alteration To Exaltation In Euripides' Medea, Jennifer Blakeslee
Anthós Journal (1990-1996)
Euripides’s Medea keeps certain aspects of traditional Greek tragedy while radically altering others. This paper shows how he changes the character of Medea into a commentary against both the restrictions of the Greek tragic and epic norms and the ignorance of women upheld in these traditions. In the end, both Euripides and Medea saw the frailty of tradition as compared to the exaltation of individual experience.
Oikos And Polis In The Medea: Patterns Of The Heart And Mind, Debra Blankenship
Oikos And Polis In The Medea: Patterns Of The Heart And Mind, Debra Blankenship
Anthós Journal (1990-1996)
In Euripides’s The Medea, the dichotomy of traditional values associated with oikos and polis serves as a means by which to comment on the issues of fifth century Athenian life. This paper shows how oikos the private domain) and polis (the public domain) come to be separate and conflicting concepts in the democracy of Athens. Euripides shaped The Medea around the idea of Medea throwing off the bonds of oikos as a result of her desire for revenge on Jason. Medea knowingly denies the bonds of oikos in order to assert her power. This paper finishes with a nod towards …
The Gorgias Explained, Dan Zajdel
The Gorgias Explained, Dan Zajdel
Anthós Journal (1990-1996)
In Plato’s The Gorgias, five forms of language serve to explicitly inaugurate Socrates as a mythic hero. This paper traces these forms, along with allusions to myth and the known body of literature at the time, and shows how Plato achieves his goal.
The Cratylus: An Explication, Elizabeth Upham
The Cratylus: An Explication, Elizabeth Upham
Anthós Journal (1990-1996)
In Plato’s Cratylus, Socrates, Hermogenes, and Cratylus attempt to discover if things are named with consideration to phusis or nomos. This paper traces these arguments throughout Plato’s dialogue. In the end, Plato is suggesting that Socrates is like a legislator with the power to bestow appropriate names to things, even as he hides Socrates behind a thin veil of uncertainty. Ultimately the reader must make up his or her own mind, why is Socrates so full of contradictions and why does Plato portray him this way.
Introduction, Lawrence Wheeler
Introduction, Lawrence Wheeler
Anthós Journal (1990-1996)
Introduction to the Summer 1992 edition of Anthos, an undergraduate journal of the Portland State University Honors Program.
The Importance Of Language In Plato's Cratylus, Jeffrey Tinnin
The Importance Of Language In Plato's Cratylus, Jeffrey Tinnin
Anthós Journal (1990-1996)
By suggesting that Plato’s Cratylus is in the form of a ring composition, this paper explores how this form plays out within the context of a dialogue on the nature of language. It traces the ring composition form as it applies to the issue of naming. In the end it argues that for Plato the development of language is essential for the growth and maintenance of the soul. The twin structures of the ring compositional form enable this understanding in interesting and complex ways.
Allusions To Homer In The Protagoras, Aaron Johnson
Allusions To Homer In The Protagoras, Aaron Johnson
Anthós Journal (1990-1996)
This paper traces Plato’s allusions to Homer in the Protagoras. What might seem to be surface details are, in fact, shown to both augment and support the dialogues underlying theme of the nature of virtue. By tracing these seemingly surface details, this paper shows just how Socrates goes about teaching virtue.
The Protagoras: Judge ... Jury ... And Explication, Patrick Hamilton
The Protagoras: Judge ... Jury ... And Explication, Patrick Hamilton
Anthós Journal (1990-1996)
The idea of a trial is a strong aspect of the structure of Socrates’s direct conversation with Protagoras in Plato’s Protagoras. Each character in the dialogue assumes a particular role within the trial, with Socrates not as accused but as questioner. This paper uses the trial concept as a means in which to get inside the Protagoras and pry open the differing aspects of its characters.
Explication Of Plato's Protagoras, Keri Mcmurry
Explication Of Plato's Protagoras, Keri Mcmurry
Anthós Journal (1990-1996)
In the Protagoras, Plato presents a view of the Classical Greek social and political structures, as well as personal attitudes and morals, by implying them through the narrative frame rather than explicitly stating them. The allusions to Homer throughout the Protagoras fuel this sense of the Classical Greek. Neither the structure nor the philosophical arguments, when taken alone, give a complete sense of the Protagoras. But when combined, a complex view of the Classical Greek world is achieved
Power Bitches Of Ancient Greece, Jennifer Ingram
Power Bitches Of Ancient Greece, Jennifer Ingram
Anthós Journal (1990-1996)
This paper takes the form of a transcript of the Sally Jessy Raphael show on which Nancy Reagan answers questions about Women in ancient Greek Epics. Specifically, this transcript focuses on Medea (as shown by Euripides) and Clytemnestra (from the Agamemnon by Aeschylus). The focus is on strong “masculine” women and how the story of lover’s revenge is played out by both characters.