Arts and Humanities Commons^™

End Of The Patrol: Analysis Of The Blimp And Its Contributions To The Us Navy, 1941-1962, Spencer M. Benefiel

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From 1917 to 1962, the United States Navy was America’s main contributor to the use of lighter-than-air vehicles, from small observational kite-balloons to the massive infamous rigid airships like the ill-fated Shenandoah, Akron, and Macon. Most aviation histories cover the Navy’s rigid airships but ignore the post-rigid era, a period that began after the demise of the Hindenburg. This study serves to examine the Navy’s airship program in the subsequent two time periods: World War II and the post-war era. This study is based upon both qualitative and quantitative sources, most of which come from written …

"A Guiding Star To The Youth Of Every Land": Analyzing E. D. E. N. Southworth's Depiction Of The 19th Century Ideal Man In Ishmael, Grace Mowery

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Much of E. D. E. N. Southworth’s literature falls into Nina Baym’s category of “woman’s fiction,” a genre of 19th-century fiction written by women, about women, and for an audience of women. However, Southworth’s self-proclaimed favorite, Ishmael, breaks away from her past successes as she weaves a story about the male experience. From childhood to his successful career in the courtroom, Ishmael Worth navigates various discourses of manhood – restrained and martial, self-made, and sentimental – and redeems the best elements of each to provide a model for 19th-century men. With a male helming her book, Southworth tears down True …

“Wall Of Force”: Analyzing The Partition Of India And Pakistan In Haroun And The Sea Of The Stories, Grace Mowery

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Literary scholars have often interpreted Salman Rushdie’s children’s book Haroun and the Sea of Stories as a critique of censorship, but Eva König’s postcolonial analysis provides an alternate interpretation of the book. This essay builds upon König’s work and argues that the book instead critiques the damaged relationship between India and Pakistan following the 1947 partition. König’s inclusion of Edward Said’s views of othering in her analysis strengthens her argument, but she does not account for Rushdie’s context. Contextualizing the book within the history of the partition and accounting for Rushdie’s condemnation of it allows scholars to compare the fictionalized …

The Fifth Monarchists: Forgotten Radicals Of The English Revolution, Joshua M. Nevin

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The Fifth Monarchists were a radical group of Puritans during the period of the English Civil War who sought to seize power in England in order to prepare for what they believed was Christ's inevitable return in the near future to reign in England. Previous research concerning them is scarce, and what scholarship there is does little to explain the importance of the events surrounding them. This study seeks to explain the historical significance of this group through exploring the goals of the group and the means by which they set out to accomplish them. An assortment of primary sources …

Strained Differentiation: Negotiating Grief With Maternal Foundations In Laird Hunt’S Neverhome, Heidie L. Raine

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The intertwinement of mother-daughter psyches throughout the early developmental process bonds maternal and filial parties up unto differentiation, at which point the child comes to understand her status as an individual and her mother’s status as a separate entity. However, when trauma is introduced midway through the differentiation process, this psychological phenomenon may be hindered, stunting the advanced personal development of the daughter. Abandoned by loss, she may subconsciously fall victim to repressive defenses, insufficient socialization, and destructive behaviors.

In his 2016 novel Neverhome, Laird Hunt explores these psychological factors through a traumatized and unreliable female protagonist situated in …

Eisenhower: From “Do-Nothing” To “Did-Everything”, Holly F. Caldwell

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Dwight David Eisenhower was a modest man who led a modest life. The 34^th president of the United States was a country boy who hailed from the rural town of Abilene, Kansas. He was not born into instant greatness; instead, he grew into it. He held several notable positions, culminating in the achievement of being elected to the presidency. His presidential reign was relatively calm, with few drastic disruptions, and this period of tranquility led to a public perception of Eisenhower as a “do-nothing” president.

Contrary to the traditional portrayal, historical revisionism has exhibited Eisenhower as an experienced and …

Equivalence In Translation Across Genre Types, Jordan D. Beal

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The current research investigates the topic of equivalence in translation considering differing genre types as defined by Katherine Reiss and R. W. Jumpelt. The literature review first addresses the imperfect nature of translation in practice, then offers a working definition of equivalence for the purpose of the study. The remainder of the literature review considers factors which must be considered when attempting to achieve an equivalent result in actual translation practice, moving from higher level decisions which dictate the translation assignment as a whole down to more moment by moment decisions in structure and word choice. A series of six …

A Religious Interpretation Of The American Civil War As Evidenced By Biblical Language In Songs And Hymns, Alyson J. Punzi

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Both Union and Confederate soldiers claimed the same moral confidence about being on the right side of the American Civil War. Significant studies have evaluated the religiosity of the Civil War, but the religious content of songs and hymns, namely their use of biblical language has not been studied for the insight into a religious interpretation of the war they provide. Because the moral claims appear in songs and hymns and utilize biblical language to interpret the conflict, their role in the war, and the expected outcome, this research is important to provide a full understanding of religion’s role in …

"Liberty Further Extended”: The Federalist Identity Of Lemuel Haynes, America's First Biracial Minister, David F. Guidone

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An introduction to the life and work of Lemuel Haynes (1753-1833), a neglected figure in American History as the first biracial pastor to lead an all-white Congregation in North America. The topic of this paper addresses an understudied and essential aspect of early America, political discourse from minority voices in the colonies. I hope to demonstrate in this paper how a particular early American minority worked as a change-agent despite the presence and practice of racism and slavery. Born in West Hartford, Connecticut and raised in Granville, Massachusetts, Haynes used the Bible, his voice, his agile mind, and a relentless …

The Long Defeat – Glimpses Of Final Victory: The Years Of The Locust, Evan B. Lanning

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An examination of Tolkien’s conception of history, the crisis of unpreparedness preceding the Second World War, and a relating of the story of Churchill’s warnings and eventual ascension to the position of Prime Minister. This study will compare the historical perspective of Tolkien, as represented in his fictional works, with the turmoil that transpired during the early days of WWII. Mostly, it will demonstrate how Tolkien’s view of history manifested itself within the context of the very perilous realities leading up to WWII. Nonetheless, a larger portrait of the nation of Great Britain, Winston Churchill, and their joint struggle to …

Chronicles As The Intended Conclusion To The Hebrew Scriptures, Peter E. Shields

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This paper seeks to demonstrate an intentional placement of the book of Chronicles at the end of the Hebrew Bible in order for it to function as the theological summary of the Old Testament canon. An overview of a canonical approach to Scripture is given, starting with a proposed explanation for the final shape of the Hebrew Bible, namely that it is a composed theological book. External witnesses are examined, and each option for the books placement within these witnesses are evaluated. The internal evidence within the text itself is also evaluated in order to infer the intentions of the …

Before Vietnam: Understanding The Initial Stages Of Us Involvement In Southeast Asia, 1945-1949, Jacob T. Mach

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The Vietnam War, widely considered the worst foreign policy debacle in American history, remains the most controversial event of the twentieth century. Much criticism for Vietnam involvement stems from two sources: 1) disapproval with how American leadership conducted the war, and 2) disagreement over the reason for the conflict in the first place. Few historians, if any, dispute the first criticism. The historical community remains divided, however, in terms of a definitive position on the basis or origin for the conflict. For a holistic approach to the origin of the Vietnam War, one must first elucidate the conception of American …

The Speech Act Of Naming In Context: A Linguistic Study Of Naming In The Old Testament, Lauren Yost

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This research sought to study the act of naming in the context of the Old Testament using speech act theory. To analyze naming as presented in the Old Testament, I first studied the Hebrew words qārāʾ and šēm, creating from my findings the following extended definition: (naming is) the act of giving a name within particular specified circumstances by one with authority over the name-receiver, whose authority is respected by others such that the name spoken is hence used to identify and represent the receiver. This, along with an understanding of Alston (2000) and the example of Arcadi (2013), …

The Effects Of Code-Mixing On Second Language Development, Aimee K. Spice

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Second language development is an important topic of discussion in an increasingly multilingual world. This study aims to examine and detail research on the effects of code-mixing (CM) on second language development, answering how CM facilitates or constrains second language acquisition. Peer-reviewed articles on the topic published between 2013 and 2018 were examined and synthesized. Language learners/multilinguals answered questionnaires about their views on CM and second language acquisition, and a language teacher was interviewed regarding use of L1 in the language classroom and CM as a pedagogical tool. This study found that CM can be a beneficial tool for language …

The Accomplishment Of Biblical Theology On Atonement, Braydon Pape

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This paper presents a brief overview of the biblical theological theme of atonement. This paper attempts to demonstrate that atonement is a central theme by using biblical theological tools to show its connection to the canon. Specifically, this paper observes the work of Leviticus and Hebrews, looking at the Day of Atonement and its relationship to Christ's atonement presented in Hebrews. This is accomplished through looking at specific aspects related to the atonement such as sacrifice and priesthood that allow the intertextual connections to be seen and demonstrated. These connections aid one in seeing atonement as a key biblical theological …

“Hello? Are You Still There?” The Impact Of Social Media On Self-Disclosure And Reciprocity In Interpersonal Relationships: A Literature Review, Clara D. Costello

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Social Media sites have become increasingly popular platforms for developing and maintaining interpersonal relationships. Although the usage of computer-mediated communication is normal in day-to-day life, the understanding behind how and why these relationships grow is scarce. This literature review considers relational elements such as self-disclosure and reciprocity, and how they are impacted by online elements such as an asynchronous context, controllability, and the disinhibition effect. Contrary to interpersonal relationships that develop in a physical context, the law of reciprocity is fulfilled and replaced by affirmation and recognition from relational partners, while self-disclosure continues to be a vital element within relationships. …

A Four-Legged Megalosaurus And Swimming Brontosaurs, Jordan C. Oldham

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Thomas Kuhn in his famous work The Structure of Scientific Revolutions laid out the framework for his theory of how science changes. At the advent of dinosaur paleontology fossil hunters like Gideon Mantell discovered some of the first dinosaurs like Iguanodon and Megalosaurus. Through new disciples like Georges Cuvier’s comparative anatomy lead early dinosaur paleontologist to reconstruct them like giant reptiles of absurd proportions. This lead to the formation of a new paradigm that prehistoric animals like dinosaurs existed and eventually went extinct. The first reconstructions of dinosaur made them to look like giant counterparts of their modern cousins. …

The Winter War: Its Causes And Effects, Ethan D. Beck

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The Russo-Finnish War of 1939-1940, also known as the Winter War, forms a curious portion of World War II history that bears further study. Occurring during the “Phony War”—the period of calm following Hitler’s invasion of Poland—the Winter War offers a glimpse into the attitudes of the major powers as the growing necessity of the coming war becomes increasingly clear during 1939 and 1940. Specifically, the Winter War provides insight into Soviet imperialism and its concerns over German aggression, and forms a crucial portion of the German decision to invade Russia in the summer of 1941. Without consideration of the …

J.R.R. Tolkien And The Music Of Middle Earth, Emily Sulka

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Often referred to as “the Father of Modern Fantasy,” J.R.R. Tolkien wrote the Lord of the Rings trilogy between 1937 and 1949. Selling millions of copies each year, the Lord of the Rings is one of the bestselling books to date, and between the four books, six movies have been produced in an effort to relay the story of Middle Earth. However, movies do not stand alone as the only other art based off the trilogy. Throughout the novels, Tolkien includes poems that his characters sing, and in 1967, Donald Swann, after collaborating with the author, published a song cycle …

Color Theory In Technical Communication, Kelly J. Conley

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Technical communicators tend to overlook or avoid using color in their work. However, color theory is a powerful tool that can greatly affect how information is presented in print or on the web. By using color, technical communicators can help users respond to information in a positive manner and increase reading comprehension, usability, and organization. This paper will provide a framework and examination of the theoretical side of color theory as well as applications for using color in the workplace.

Inspiration Or Distraction: Eugene Debs At The Head Of American Socialism 1895-1921, Stanley Schwartz

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This project seeks to provide historical context for the modern revival of avowed socialism in America through an examination of Eugene V. Debs leadership of American Socialism from 1895 to 1921. The paper argues that Debs’ leadership of American socialism was unsuccessful because he left the critical task of convincing the American people that the ideology of Socialism is correct and fundamentally different from traditionalism, capitalism, and progressivism, incomplete. Reform Socialism did not distinguish itself from local progressivism, and revolutionary Socialism adopted violent, opportunistic methods which prevented broad support. Debs’ unique ideology of Founding ideals, faith in democracy, and total …

The Partimento Tradition In The Shadow Of Enlightenment Thought, Deborah Longenecker

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How did Enlightenment ideals influence seventeenth-century music theory and composition pedagogy? This article investigates the relationship between partimento pedagogy and Rameau’s music theories as influenced by Enlightenment thought. Current research on partimento has revealed its importance in Neapolitan music schools of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Along with counterpoint, partimento was a core subject in the study of composition in the Neapolitan schools; however, as pedagogy and theory began to be influenced by Enlightenment ideals such as the scientific method or a preference for clear systemization, the partimento tradition began to wane. Juxtaposing the Enlightenment ideals of Rameau’s music theory …

Promoting Public Interest: Exploring Why Radio Broadcasters Must Serve The Public Interest When Conducting Contests And Promotions, Lynn David Long

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Where is the line drawn? This paper seeks to answer that question by exploring the delicate responsibility of radio broadcasters to serve the public interest in promoting their station through contests and events. By examining key cases and orders from the Federal Communications Commission, we gain an understanding of the purpose of public interest and broadcasting, and how broadcasters protect the integrity of their stations by serving that interest.

Encountering The Phantasmagoria: Pre-Raphaelite Aesthetics As The Antidote For Victorian Decadence In Robert Browning’S “My Last Duchess”, Matthew K. Werneburg

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Robert Browning’s “My Last Duchess” engages with ‘the problem of Raphael,’ a Victorian aesthetic debate into which Browning enters in order to address Victorian society’s spiritual impotence, which he connects to the societal emphasis on external appearances of virtue and nobility. This emphasis on appearances is reflected in Raphaelite aesthetics, for Victorians understood Raphael’s paintings as representational pictures intended to cause viewers to contemplate spiritual states. The Raphaelite school of aesthetics saw Raphael’s works as the pinnacle of the Christian visual art tradition, while the pre-Raphaelites sought to dissolve the distinction between sacred and secular, painting human bodies as they …

“Drawing Is Where The Joy Is”: Cultural Anxiety, The Monstrous Fantastic, And The Artist As Mediator In Katsuhito Ishii’S The Taste Of Tea, Elise M. Parsons

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This article applies George Canguilhem’s notion of monster theory as a method for cultural analysis to the analysis of literature. It argues that monster theory provides one accurate view of Japanese contemporary culture as it is depicted in literature, and that observing the relationship of artists and writers to the monsters they depict can lead to a valid hypothesis about the artist’s view of culture. Using this hypothesis as a theoretical framework, the article then analyzes The Taste of Tea, a contemporary film by Japanese director Katsuhito Ishii, in terms of monster theory. It concludes that monster theory vindicates …

Visual Rhetoric: A Case For Visual Literacy In The Classroom, Kaitlyn J. Tomlinson

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We live in a visual age in which we find visual information surrounding us on every side. The persuasive power of the visual has long been recognized by scholars, but there is a lack of emphasis in the classroom on how to effectively create an effectively persuasive visual. Professors at the collegiate level need to teach their students to be visually literate, to make them responsible users and creators of images.

Choosing To Choose: The Impact Of Technology On Choice, Aaron J. Alford

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The development of modern technology has increasingly focused on efficiency over expression. Interfaces limit and scale down human choice and expression. Entertainment and communication now use interfaced technology for even basic human expression, artificially limiting the number of potential choices to the options presented by the interface. The logic of technology has become a totalizing phenomenon, bringing all areas of human life under it purview. According to Heidegger, Ellul, and Flusser, the result of this development is a different way of being-in-the-world for humans. The traditional man has been the constant in production and communication, which the medium and technology …

Feminist Theory And Technical Communication, Olivia Duffus

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This essay explores feminism, socially-constructed norms, and the relationship between feminism and technical communication. It argues that undergraduate technical communication programs should include courses that study feminist history and theories as related to the field, claiming that studying feminist theory will improve user-centered design and broaden students' spheres of influence as professionals.

Emotions And The Divine Nature: Impassibility In The Greek Apologists And Irenaeus, J. Caleb Little

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This paper explores the concept of impassibility in the early Greek apologists and Irenaeus. The paper focuses on impassibility as related to emotion in the divine nature, and individually examines Justin Martyr, Athenagoras and Irenaeus. This paper attempts to present a nuanced and faithful interpretation of impassibility in these fathers contra the assumption that impassibility equates to static emotionlessness. The author argues that the early Greek fathers used impassibility as an apophatic qualifier tied to God's immutability, virtuousness, and status as creator and further used impassibility to indicate that God was not overwhelmed by passions like the pagan and gnostic …

The Successes And Failures Of The Battle Of Mogadishu And Its Effects On U.S. Foreign Policy, Philip B. Dotson

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The Battle of Mogadishu, more commonly referred to as “Black Hawk Down,” was one of the most controversial conflicts in the second half of the twentieth century. It left a lingering question in people’s minds: was it a success or a failure? While certainly there were many failures and casualties throughout the mission, based on a military definition, it was a clear cut success; Task Force Ranger (TFR) accomplished the objective of the mission, despite significant losses, by retrieving the two targets assigned them. Both the failures and successes of the mission, as well as the overarching Operation Restore Hope …