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Articles 1 - 30 of 196
Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities
"Cansancio" Y Nación: El Combate Precoz De Los Salubristas Costarricenses Contra La Anquilostomiasis, Steven Palmer
"Cansancio" Y Nación: El Combate Precoz De Los Salubristas Costarricenses Contra La Anquilostomiasis, Steven Palmer
History Publications
El artículo analiza la investigación médica y los programas de salud pública sobre la anquilostomiasis en Costa Rica a finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX. Entre 1908 y 1914, los especialistas costarricenses dedicados al estudio de la anquilostomiasis propusieron que la enfermedad, conocida popularmente como "cansancio", era un problema generalizado en toda la población rural y no particular de algún grupo racial o regional. Esto les permitió dar a su programa autóctono de anquilostomiasis una extensión nacional e introducir en todos los sectores populares ideas sobre bacteriología e higiene. La experiencia costarricense se anticipó al mejor conocido programa …
Two Conceptions Of Rhetoric And Their Role In Argumentation Theory, Lilian Bermejo-Luque
Two Conceptions Of Rhetoric And Their Role In Argumentation Theory, Lilian Bermejo-Luque
OSSA Conference Archive
I make a distinction between a traditional conception of Rhetoric as a corpus of practical knowledge to improve persuasive abilities, and a more contemporary conception of Rhetoric as a hermeneutic discipline for dealing with communicative activities as a means of influence. I argue that the key difference between both conceptions is whether or not they deal with the rhetorical properties of discourses as a matter of speakers’ intentions.
Reply To My Commentator - Roque, Georges Roque
Reply To My Commentator - Roque, Georges Roque
OSSA Conference Archive
No abstract provided.
Reply To My Commentator - Gilardoni, Andrea Gilardoni
Reply To My Commentator - Gilardoni, Andrea Gilardoni
OSSA Conference Archive
No abstract provided.
Categorizing Visual Argumentation Processes: Visual Commonplaces In Civic Culture, Maceio Ilon Lauer
Categorizing Visual Argumentation Processes: Visual Commonplaces In Civic Culture, Maceio Ilon Lauer
OSSA Conference Archive
This essay argues that a theoretical framework for understanding visual argumentation should ideally account for the “etymology,” “syntax,” and “field” of visual arguments and offers an elaboration of these concepts. It defends the notion of a visual argument’s “etymology” or historical sense and advocates inquiry that accounts for how the reception of particular images has been conditioned by the production of prior visual arguments.
Commentary On Konishi, J Anthony Blair
Probative Inference, Michael Scriven
Knowledge By Telling: Reflections On The Ad Verecundiam, John Woods
Knowledge By Telling: Reflections On The Ad Verecundiam, John Woods
OSSA Conference Archive
No abstract provided.
Using The “Protocols”: Fallacies And Rhetorical Strategies, Andrea Gilardoni
Using The “Protocols”: Fallacies And Rhetorical Strategies, Andrea Gilardoni
OSSA Conference Archive
In our contribution we will analyze the way the Protocols of the Elders of Zion are used by anti-Semite or anti-Zionist propaganda. We will try to show how persuasive manipulation systematically violates the «pragma-dialectical rules for reasonable discussion» (van Eemeren and Grootendorst, 2004). In destroying the possibility of a fair discussion, such strategies are particularly effective in persuading not the other party of a dialectical discussion but the target-audience of this «forbidden rhetoric».
Reply To My Commentator - Carlos, Claudia Carlos
Reply To My Commentator - Carlos, Claudia Carlos
OSSA Conference Archive
No abstract provided.
Argumentation In Discourse: A Socio-Discursive Approach To Arguments, Ruth Amossy
Argumentation In Discourse: A Socio-Discursive Approach To Arguments, Ruth Amossy
OSSA Conference Archive
Rather than the art of putting forward logically valid arguments leading to Truth, argumentation is here viewed as the use of verbal means ensuring an agreement on what can be considered reasonable by a given group, on a more or less controversial matter (Perelman 1958). What is acceptable and plausible is always co-constructed by subjects engaging in verbal interaction. It is the dynamism of this exchange, realized not only in natural language, but also in a specific cultural framework, that has to be accounted for. From this perspective, it is not enough to reconstruct patterns of reasoning. As logos is …
Argumentation And The Force Of Reasons, Robert C. Pinto
Argumentation And The Force Of Reasons, Robert C. Pinto
OSSA Conference Archive
Argumentation involves offering and/or exchanging reasons—either reasons for adopting various attitudes towards specific propositional contents or else reasons for acting in various ways. This paper develops the idea that the force of reasons is through and through a normative force because what good reasons accomplish is precisely to make one entitled to do what they are reasons for. The paper attempts to shed light on what it is to have a reason, how the entitlement arising from reasons differs from other species of entitlement and how the norms by which such entitlement is assessed obtain their status as norms.
What Does An Argument Culture Look Like?, David Zarefsky
What Does An Argument Culture Look Like?, David Zarefsky
OSSA Conference Archive
However the term “culture” is defined, a culture becomes an argument culture when it is characterized by consciousness of audience, comfort with uncertainty, expectation of personal convictions, commitment to justification rather than formal proof, realization that the enterprise is essentially cooperative, and willingness to assume risks. Such a culture productively negotiates tensions between contingency and commitment, partisanship and restraint, personal conviction and sensitivity to audience, reasonableness and subjectivity, decision and nonclosure.
Argumentation Schemes And Communities Of Argumentational Practice, Andrew Aberdein
Argumentation Schemes And Communities Of Argumentational Practice, Andrew Aberdein
OSSA Conference Archive
Is it possible to distinguish communities of arguers by tracking the argumentation schemes they employ? There are many ways of relating schemes to communities, but not all are productive. Attention must be paid not only to the admissibility of schemes within a community of argumentational practice, but also to their comparative frequency. Two examples are discussed: informal mathematics, a convenient source of well-documented argumentational practice, and anthropological evidence of non-standard reasoning.
Commentary On Aikin, Rebecca Macintosh, Sheldon Wein
Commentary On Aikin, Rebecca Macintosh, Sheldon Wein
OSSA Conference Archive
No abstract provided.
Feminist Alternatives To Traditional Argumentation, Khameiel Al-Tamimi
Feminist Alternatives To Traditional Argumentation, Khameiel Al-Tamimi
OSSA Conference Archive
In this paper, I will look at the critiques that feminists have proposed to existing styles of argumentation. There are two prominent lines of feminist criticism of argumentation: the epistemic critique which argues that women were socialized to argue differently and the equity critique which asserts that argumentation is a patriarchal attempt to dominate one another, as such it is adversarial in nature. I will then discuss the alternatives feminists have proposed to traditional argumentation.
Commentary On Andone, Christopher W. Tindale
Commentary On Andone, Christopher W. Tindale
OSSA Conference Archive
No abstract provided.
Commentary On Bailin & Battersby, Ralph H. Johnson
Commentary On Bailin & Battersby, Ralph H. Johnson
OSSA Conference Archive
No abstract provided.
Commentary On Champagne, Gilbert Plumer
Commentary On Cohen, Derek Allen
In Varietate Concordia—United In Diversity: European Parliamentary Debate As An Argumentative Activity Type, Frans H. Van Eemeren, Bart Garssen
In Varietate Concordia—United In Diversity: European Parliamentary Debate As An Argumentative Activity Type, Frans H. Van Eemeren, Bart Garssen
OSSA Conference Archive
This paper focuses on argumentation in a specific institutional context: debate in the European Parliament. A parliamentary debate is a distinct argumentative activity type. In the pragma-dialectical approach, argumentative activity types are defined as conventionalized argumentative practices in which the possibilities for strategic manoeuvring are predetermined. What are the characteristics of the activity type of a debate in European Parliament that predetermine the possibilities for strategic manoeuvring? What kind of constraints and opportunities for strategic manoeuvring can be distinguished?
Commentary On Feteris, Scott F. Aikin
Higher Level Moral Principles In Argumentation, James B. Freeman
Higher Level Moral Principles In Argumentation, James B. Freeman
OSSA Conference Archive
Suppose two persons disagree over whether an act is right, justifying their judgments by appealing to divergent higher-level moral principles. These principles function as backing and rebuttals in their argumentation. To justify these principles, we may argue either that they would be accepted in some ideal model or that they are in reflective equilibrium with our considered moral judgments. Disagreement over the model indicates difference in philosophical anthropology but does not preclude resolution through argument.
Commentary On Gilbert & Whyte, David Hitchcock, Milos Jenicek
Commentary On Gilbert & Whyte, David Hitchcock, Milos Jenicek
OSSA Conference Archive
No abstract provided.
The Epistemic Utility Of Toulmin’S Argument Fields*, David M. Godden
The Epistemic Utility Of Toulmin’S Argument Fields*, David M. Godden
OSSA Conference Archive
Toulmin’s DWC model recognizes a plurality of argument cultures through the thesis of field dependency: that the normative features of arguments vary from one field to the next. Yet, little consensus exists concerning the nature and foundations of argument fields. This paper explores the question of whether Toulminian fields have any useful role to play in the epistemic evaluation of arguments.
Refining Hitchcock’S Definition Of ‘Argument’, G C. Goddu
Refining Hitchcock’S Definition Of ‘Argument’, G C. Goddu
OSSA Conference Archive
David Hitchcock, in his recent “Informal Logic and the Concept of Argument” (2007), defends a recursive definition of ‘argument.’ I present and discuss several problems that arise for his definition. I argue that refining Hitchcock’s definition in order to resolve these problems reveals a crucial, but minimally explicated, relation that was, at best, playing an obscured role in the original definition or, at worst, completely absent from the original definition.
More On Dichotomization: Flip-Flops Of Two Mistakes, Trudy Govier
More On Dichotomization: Flip-Flops Of Two Mistakes, Trudy Govier
OSSA Conference Archive
No abstract provided.
The Analysis Of Pragmatic Argumentation In British Lawmaking Debates: The Second Reading, Constanza Ihnen
The Analysis Of Pragmatic Argumentation In British Lawmaking Debates: The Second Reading, Constanza Ihnen
OSSA Conference Archive
The paper outlines some institutional characteristics of Second Reading debates on public bills in the British House of Commons that can assist in the analysis of MP’s pragmatic argumentation. Special attention is paid to the institutional preconditions for the application of the pragmatic argument scheme. The theoretical starting point is the pragma-dialectical theory of argumentation. Claims are illustrated with examples from the Second Reading debate on the British Terrorism Bill (2005).
Commentary On Jansen, Mano Daniel
Abduction As The Mother Of All Argumentation, Priyedarshi Jetli
Abduction As The Mother Of All Argumentation, Priyedarshi Jetli
OSSA Conference Archive
Abduction* is the genus with deduction and induction as species. Modus tollens is backward reasoning as an unknown proposition is inferred from a known proposition. Reductio ad absurdum is abductive because the conclusion is inferred by deriving a contradiction from an assumption. Inductive reasoning from effect to cause is also backward reasoning. But abduction* consists of forward reasoning as well. The generic structure of abductive* argumentation is universal among all cultures, occupations and disciplines.