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Articles 1 - 19 of 19
Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities
Identity Forum, Aajay Murphy
Identity Forum, Aajay Murphy
Aajay Murphy
Poster created for an Identity Forum held on November 13, 2013.
Are Women Really More Risk-Averse Than Men? A Re-Analysis Of The Literature Using Expanded Methods, Julie Nelson
Are Women Really More Risk-Averse Than Men? A Re-Analysis Of The Literature Using Expanded Methods, Julie Nelson
Julie A. Nelson
While a substantial literature in economics and finance has concluded that “women are more risk averse than men,” this conclusion merits investigation. After briefly clarifying the difference between making generalizations about groups, on the one hand, and making valid inferences from samples, on the other, this essay suggests improvements to how economists communicate our research results. Supplementing findings of statistical significance with quantitative measures of both substantive difference (Cohen's d, a measure in common use in non-‐Economics literatures) and of substantive overlap (the Index of Similarity, newly proposed here) adds important nuance to the discussion of sex differences. These measures …
Necktie Nightmare: Narrating Gender In Contemporary Japan, Vera C. Mackie
Necktie Nightmare: Narrating Gender In Contemporary Japan, Vera C. Mackie
Vera Mackie
...the thing I hated most of all was the necktie.When I wore a necktie, there was just no doubt that I was a man.The image was of a salaryman! The mainstay of the house! The symbol of manhood! These are the words of Nomachi Mineko in the autobiographical account of her transition from male to female. The book (adapted from a blog) appeared in late 2006 under the title O-kama dakedo OL yattemasu (I'm Queer But I'm An Office Lady). The book's publication coincided with a range of mainstream representations of trans-gendered lives - in television dramas, documentaries, memoirs and …
The Gender Fault-Line, Ayako Kano, Vera C. Mackie
The Gender Fault-Line, Ayako Kano, Vera C. Mackie
Vera Mackie
The economic, demographic and environmental shocks of recent years that have so profoundly shaped contemporary Japanese society have distinctive gendered dimensions. The economic reality has shifted, but social expectations about the roles of men and women have been slower to change. Meanwhile, the demographic crisis is placing considerable burden on families and revealing the attendant risk of the ‘care deficit’ — in the home and in the face of disaster.
Shanghai Dancers: Gender, Coloniality And The Modern Girl, Vera C. Mackie
Shanghai Dancers: Gender, Coloniality And The Modern Girl, Vera C. Mackie
Vera Mackie
In 1924, the artist Yamamura K6ka (1885-1942) produced a colour woodcut depicting the dance hall of the New Carlton Hotel in Shanghai. In this print, two women are seated at a round table. One has bobbed hair; the other wears a red hat. Both wear western dress, but the embroidered jacket draped on one of the chairs suggests the fashion for Chinoiserie. Two cocktail glasses on the table contain red cherries. Several couples dance in the background of the picture, the women all with similar bobbed hair. The male dancing partners are barely visible and the women are seen from …
The Women Of Osofisan: Beyound Fiction, Ezekiel Tunde Bolaji, Nkemdirim Olubunmi Adedina, Grace Uche Adinku
The Women Of Osofisan: Beyound Fiction, Ezekiel Tunde Bolaji, Nkemdirim Olubunmi Adedina, Grace Uche Adinku
Ezekiel Tunde Bolaji
Women in the African past, contrary to being domesticated were not only achievers in their own right but also pillars of society. A voyage into African and especially Nigerian history gives a picture of outstanding women who contributed to trade and governance in their various communities and societies. Moremi in pre-colonial Ife kingdom, the Aba Women, Funmilayo Ransome Kuti and the Egba Women during the colonial era not to mention other outstanding women in Yoruba and Hausa kingdoms such as Queen Amina, Madam Tinubu and Efunsetan Aniwura (Iyalode Ibadan) demonstrated that women are not mere domestic servants who should be …
State Of The Urban Youth, India 2012, Professor Vibhuti Patel
State Of The Urban Youth, India 2012, Professor Vibhuti Patel
Professor Vibhuti Patel
State of the Urban Youth India 2012: Employment, Livelihoods, Skills Executive Summary Every third person in urban India is a youth. In less than a decade from now, India, with a median age of 29 years will be the youngest nation in the world. India’s demographic transformation is creating an opportunity for the demographic burden of the past to be converted to a dividend for the future. For this to happen the country needs to adopt a three-pronged policy that will address the issues of employment, livelihoods and the skill status of youth. The State of the Urban Youth India …
Gender Differences In Wheelchair Marathon Performances - Oita Wheelchair Marathon From 1983 To 2011, Romuald Lepers, Paul J. Stapley, Beat Knechtle
Gender Differences In Wheelchair Marathon Performances - Oita Wheelchair Marathon From 1983 To 2011, Romuald Lepers, Paul J. Stapley, Beat Knechtle
Dr Paul J Stapley
Background: The purpose of the study was (1) to examine the changes in participation and performance of males and females at the Oita International Wheelchair Marathon in Oita, Japan, between 1983 and 2011, and (2) to analyze the gender difference in the age of peak wheelchair marathon performance. Methods: Age and time performance data for all wheelchair athletes completing the Oita International Wheelchair Marathon from 1983 to 2011 were analyzed. Results: Mean annual number of finishers was 123 ± 43 for males and 6 ± 3 for females (5.0% ± 2.0% of all finishers), respectively. Mean age of overall finishers …
Not-So-Strong Evidence For Gender Differences In Risk, Julie Nelson
Not-So-Strong Evidence For Gender Differences In Risk, Julie Nelson
Julie A. Nelson
In their article "Strong Evidence for Gender Differences in Risk Taking," Gary Charness and Uri Gneezy (2012) review a number of experimental studies regarding investments in risky assets, and claim that these yield strong evidence that females are more risk averse than males. This study replicates and extends their article, demonstrating that its methods are highly problematic. While the methods used would be appropriate for categorical, individual-‐level differences, the data reviewed are not consistent with such a model. Instead, modest differences (at most) exist only at aggregate levels, such as group means. The evidence in favor of gender difference is …
Fearing Fear: Gender And Economic Discourse, Julie Nelson
Fearing Fear: Gender And Economic Discourse, Julie Nelson
Julie A. Nelson
Economic discourse—or the lack of it—about fear is gendered on at least three fronts. First, while masculine-‐associated notions of reason and mind have historically been prioritized in mainstream economics, fear—along with other emotions and embodiment—has tended to be culturally associated with femininity. Research on cognitive "gender schema," then, may at least partly explain the near absence of discussions of fear within economic research. Second, in the rare cases where fear is discussed in the contemporary economics literature, there is a tendency to (overly-‐)strongly associate it with women. Finally, historians and philosophers of science have suggested that the failure to consider …
Does Education Empower The Indonesian Women?, Arif Rohman
Does Education Empower The Indonesian Women?, Arif Rohman
Arif Rohman
The second feminist wave in the 1960s has influenced feminists to increase their campaign against patriarchy in almost all areas. This campaign aims to achieve equal legal, political and social rights for women. In this context, they view education as a vehicle to empower women in societies. Using Javanese culture as an example, this article will examine whether education has much impact on it, and to identify factors which prevent education from empowering women in Indonesia. From the analysis, it has shown that educated women still faced many obstacles to participate in economical, political and social aspects.
Women And Leadership In Islam: A Case Study In Indonesia, Arif Rohman
Women And Leadership In Islam: A Case Study In Indonesia, Arif Rohman
Arif Rohman
Women in leadership positions is a sensitive issue in most Moslem societies. Even though reality has shown that women can compete with men, some people continue to use ‘religious reasons’ to block women’s advancement to leadership roles and maintain the status quo. This article will examine the conservative and liberal thinking about women as leaders in Muslim society especially in Indonesia.
The Changed And Unchanged Situation In The Representation Of Women In Contemporary Cinema, Arif Rohman
The Changed And Unchanged Situation In The Representation Of Women In Contemporary Cinema, Arif Rohman
Arif Rohman
The second feminist wave in the 1960s has influenced feminists to increase their campaign against patriarchy in almost all areas. One of the areas which has made women very vulnerable is the issue of women in cinema. This article analysed some changes in the representation of women in cinema by comparing four movies: Stepford Wifes (1975), Orlando (1992), When Night Is Falling (1995), and Stepford Wives (2004). This study was conducted by using modern hermeneutics method. From the analysis, these four films appear to contain three changed aspects regarding women, including the equality of work, the expression of sexual identity, …
Feminist Thought In Adrian Howe’S Book: ‘Chamberlain Revisited: A 25th Anniversary Retrospective’, Arif Rohman
Feminist Thought In Adrian Howe’S Book: ‘Chamberlain Revisited: A 25th Anniversary Retrospective’, Arif Rohman
Arif Rohman
It is well-known that Lindy Chamberlain experienced a form of gender inequality and gender bias during her trial in 1980s. This challenged Adrian Howe to write a book which aims to counter a gender bias mindset that still exists in some people’s belief. Howe uses genealogy as a part of discourse analysis method by representing selected letters written by people, mainly women who are from different religions, ethnicity and age who supported Lindy Chamberlain. In this article I will try to analyse and evaluate academic areas of investigation as they have been reflected in Howe’s book in terms of what …
Reinterpret Polygamy In Islam: A Case Study In Indonesia, Arif Rohman
Reinterpret Polygamy In Islam: A Case Study In Indonesia, Arif Rohman
Arif Rohman
It is the consensus of ulema (religious leader) in Indonesia that polygamy is allowed in Islam, while polyandry is prohibited. That is why even though that the practice of monogamy has negative impacts to women, some people still conduct it and believe that polygamy is sunnah (the manner or deeds of Muhammad) and part of syariah (Islamic law). This article will explore the perspective of fundamentalist and modernist about polygamy and how the modernist Muslim scholars in Indonesia fight for opposing polygamy.
A Noble Cause: A Case Study Of Discrimination, Symbols, And Reciprocity, In: Diversity And European Human Rights, Yofi Tirosh
A Noble Cause: A Case Study Of Discrimination, Symbols, And Reciprocity, In: Diversity And European Human Rights, Yofi Tirosh
Yofi Tirosh
This chapter is part of a volume dedicated to rewriting human rights cases issued by the European Court of Human Rights. It uses the case of De La Cierva Osorio De Moscoso v. Spain (1999) as a platform to discuss the inherent tension typifying signs such as nobility titles – as merely symbolic or as carrying substantive content. The problem of one’s ownership of signs is especially acute in the case of women. I will argue that the distinction between form and substance collapses in this case, as in many other cases that involve allocation of allegedly merely symbolic signifiers …
The Power Of Stereotyping And Confirmation Bias To Overwhelm Accurate Assessment: The Case Of Economics, Gender, And Risk Aversion, Julie A. Nelson
The Power Of Stereotyping And Confirmation Bias To Overwhelm Accurate Assessment: The Case Of Economics, Gender, And Risk Aversion, Julie A. Nelson
Julie A. Nelson
Behavioral research has revealed how normal human cognitive processes can tend to lead us astray. But do these affect economic researchers, ourselves? This article explores the consequences of stereotyping and confirmation bias using a sample of published articles from the economics literature on gender and risk aversion. The results demonstrate that the supposedly “robust” claim that “women are more risk averse than men” is far less empirically supported than has been claimed. The questions of how these cognitive biases arise and why they have such power are discussed, and methodological practices that may help to attenuate these biases are outlined.
Historical Sociolinguistic Approaches To Derivational Morphology: A Study Of Speaker Gender And Nominal Suffixes In Early Modern English, Chris C. Palmer
Historical Sociolinguistic Approaches To Derivational Morphology: A Study Of Speaker Gender And Nominal Suffixes In Early Modern English, Chris C. Palmer
Chris C. Palmer
Sociolinguistic variables, such as gender, help nuance historical claims about language change by identifying which subsets of speakers either lead or lag in the use of different linguistic variants. But at present, scholars of historical sociolinguistics have focused primarily on syntax and inflectional morphology, often leaving derivational morphology unexplored. To fill this gap in part, this paper presents a case study of men’s and women’s use of five different nominal suffixes- ‑ness, ‑ity, -age, -ment, and –cion- within the fifteenth and sixteenth century portions of the Corpus of Early English Correspondence. This study finds that men led women in the …
'A Triumph Of Brains Over Brute': Women And Science At The Horticultural College, Swanley, 1890-1910, Donald L. Opitz
'A Triumph Of Brains Over Brute': Women And Science At The Horticultural College, Swanley, 1890-1910, Donald L. Opitz
Donald L. Opitz
The founding of Britain's first horticultural college in 1889 advanced a scientific and coeducational response to three troubling national concerns: a major agricultural depression; the economic distress of single, unemployed women; and imperatives to develop the colonies. Buoyed by the technical instruction and women's movements, the Horticultural College and Produce Company, Limited, at Swanley, Kent, crystallized a transformation in the horticultural profession in which new science-based, formalized study threatened an earlier emphasis on practical apprenticeship training, with the effect of opening male-dominated trades to women practitioners. By 1903, the college closed its doors to male students, and new pathways were …