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Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities
Local Wisdom, Environmental Protection And Community Development: The Clam Farmers In Tambon Bangkhunsai, Phetchaburi Province, Thailand, Kamonthip Kongprasertamorn
Local Wisdom, Environmental Protection And Community Development: The Clam Farmers In Tambon Bangkhunsai, Phetchaburi Province, Thailand, Kamonthip Kongprasertamorn
Manusya, Journal of Humanities
The present article is a study of the use of the People Research and Development Method as a means of promoting local wisdom, environmental protection, and community development in Tambon Bangkhunsai, Phetchaburi Province, Thailand. This method allowed the community to do their own research and to utilize their local wisdom as a form of untapped capital on which self-reliance can be built. Research findings indicated that the People Research and Development method could stimulate local wisdom to protect the environmental and develop the community in a number of ways. In particular, the local fishermen employed their local wisdom to collect …
The Politics Of Discourse In Sexual Abuse Narratives, Chutima Pragatwutisarn
The Politics Of Discourse In Sexual Abuse Narratives, Chutima Pragatwutisarn
Manusya, Journal of Humanities
Although sex is considered something private and personal, telling sexual stories is by no means a personal matter. The difficulty faced by sexual abuse victims who want to tell their stories is due to the ways in which the meanings of sexual abuse, the abuser and the victim are discursively constructed by the dominant culture. As a result, a tension between the individual desire to tell stories and the social injunction to silence is invariably found in women's narratives of sexual abuse. This paper explores how discourses of the dominant culture discourage women from breaking their silence about sexual abuse …
Phra Ram Chadok As The Attalaksana Literature Of Laotian People, Niyada Laosunthon
Phra Ram Chadok As The Attalaksana Literature Of Laotian People, Niyada Laosunthon
Manusya, Journal of Humanities
The importance of Phra Ram''s Account or Ramayana is not limited to mainland India, but has extended into other lands which have been influenced by Indian culture, such as Thailand, Laos, Myanmar, Kampuchea, and Indonesia. Each of the lands mentioned above possesses her own version of Phra Ram''s Account, each describing similar heroic deeds, especially the victory in the war against the unrighteous, the cause of which stems from the abduction of Nang Sida, the beautiful wife of Phra Ram. The differences in these accounts lie in the behavioral details of characters, or additional themes and episodes which vary according …
The Symbolization Of Sounds In Thai Onomatopoeic Words, Sorabud Rungrojsuwan
The Symbolization Of Sounds In Thai Onomatopoeic Words, Sorabud Rungrojsuwan
Manusya, Journal of Humanities
In addition to the arbitrary invention of words in human language, there are also a number of lexical items in languages generated from the symbolization of particular groups of sounds. The present study investigates the structural and semantic characteristics of "sound-symbolic words" (or onomatopoeic words) in Thai. Data were drawn from formal and informal written documents. The Royal Institute''''s and Matichon''''s dictionaries were used as representatives of formal documents, while 40 Japanese-to-Thai translated comics were used for the informal documents. Structurally, it was found that most sound-symbolic words are either monomorphemic or reduplicated. In relation to semantics, sound symbolization in …
Creating The Thai National Corpus, Wirote Aroonmanakun
Creating The Thai National Corpus, Wirote Aroonmanakun
Manusya, Journal of Humanities
This paper reports on the progress of Thai National Corpus development. The TNC is designed as a general corpus of standard Thai. Only written texts are collected in the first phase. It aims to include at least eighty million words. Various text types produced by various authors are included in the TNC so that it would closely represent written language in general. Texts are word segmented and tagged following the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) guidelines on text encoding. The TNC was designed as a resource for general applications, such as lexicography, language teaching, and linguistic research. In addition, the TNC …
Semantic Extension Of The Verb Of Breaking In Thai And Japanese, Kingkarn Thepkanjana, Satoshi Uehara
Semantic Extension Of The Verb Of Breaking In Thai And Japanese, Kingkarn Thepkanjana, Satoshi Uehara
Manusya, Journal of Humanities
The fact that a lexical item has semantic variations when combined with other linguistic elements is a central issue in lexical semantics. A number of researchers claim that a lexical item has one basic meaning, and that other extended meanings are triggered in context by a process whereby the semantic structure of the lexical item is adjusted in certain details so that it is semantically compatible with its neighboring lexical items. This paper aims to examine how this process actually works as it applies to a transitive verb occurring with subject and object arguments. A study of the Thai transitive …
Discrepancies Between Lexical And Tonal Variation: A Case Study Of The Thai Dialect Of Samui Island, M.R. Kalaya Tingsabadh, Sirirat Choophan, Sunisa Kitivongprateep
Discrepancies Between Lexical And Tonal Variation: A Case Study Of The Thai Dialect Of Samui Island, M.R. Kalaya Tingsabadh, Sirirat Choophan, Sunisa Kitivongprateep
Manusya, Journal of Humanities
Over the past twenty five years the study of Thai dialects has concentrated on the geographical variation of either tones or lexical items. In the 1990s another type of Thai dialect study began to take shape- a combination of geographical and social variation study. Age has been identified as the main factor influencing variation in Thai dialects. The new type of study has so far concentrated on lexical variation. This paper deals with both geographical and social variation and both lexical and tonal variation. The Thai variety investigated in this study is that of that of Southern Thai spoken on …
The 2005 Year's Work In Linguistics In Thailand, Pranee Kullavanijaya
The 2005 Year's Work In Linguistics In Thailand, Pranee Kullavanijaya
Manusya, Journal of Humanities
A study of Thai linguistics works in 2005 shows that most are M.A. theses and doctoral dissertations done by Thai students in five universities in Thailand and a few universities in the U.S.. and the U.K.. Only three works analyse foreign languages, while the rest investigate the Bangkok Thai dialect. Five main areas are identified: sound and orthography, sociolinguistics, utterance semantics, lexical semantics and syntax-semantic interface. More works focus on the last two areas. With regard to the frameworks used in the analyses, pragmatics, discourse, and speech acts are found most often. Several topics such as village names, politeness, and …
Syphilis, Gonorhoea, Leprosy, And Yaws In The Indonesian Archipelago, 1500-1950, Peter Boomgaard
Syphilis, Gonorhoea, Leprosy, And Yaws In The Indonesian Archipelago, 1500-1950, Peter Boomgaard
Manusya, Journal of Humanities
This paper dexamines the history of sexually transmitted diseases in Southeast Asia and explores the origins of venereal disease, specifically syphilis and gonorrhoea, in the region. The arrival of new diseases that accompanied Europeans from about 1500, is a subject that scholars have largely ignored in favour of the 19th and 20th centuries. While concentrating on the Indonesian archipelago, the paper also considers to other parts of Southeast Asia to investigate the impact of syphilis and gonorrhoea on the rate of population growth in the region. Unlike gonorrhoea, which was present before the arrival of Europeans, syphilis was a new …
The Body And Sexuality In Siam: A First Exploration In Early Sources, Barend Jan Terwiel
The Body And Sexuality In Siam: A First Exploration In Early Sources, Barend Jan Terwiel
Manusya, Journal of Humanities
In this article some aspects of the relationship between the degree of display of the uncovered body and sexuality are explored, using data from Thai historical sources. A close look at some illustrations in manuscripts from the Ayutthaya and Thonburi periods establishes that prior to the middle of the nineteenth century, Siamese etiquette allowed for large parts of the body to be exposed to public gaze. It is assumed that this may have affected attitudes towards sexuality. A hypothesis whereby the relatively generous display of the human body is correlated with a larger degree of matter-of-factness towards the body and …
Women, Sexuality And Politics In Modern Cambodian Literature, Klairung Amratisha
Women, Sexuality And Politics In Modern Cambodian Literature, Klairung Amratisha
Manusya, Journal of Humanities
This essay aims to explore the political messages found in the work of Soth Polin, one of Cambodia?€?s influential writers in the 1970s. Soth?€?s short story, Sramol Ptī Oey..Khluon Ūn Rahaek [My Dear Husband?€?My Body Was Torn Apart] illustrates how Cambodia was in a state of physical and moral decay during the Vietnam War as a result of attacks from Vietnamese Communists and American influence over the Cambodian leaders during the Vietnam War. In Soth?€?s stories, pornographic, philosophical and political elements are artistically interwoven. The author uses women?€?s bodies and sexuality as both a site of patriarchal control and as …
Sexuality In Thai Folk Songs, Buaphan Suphanyot
Sexuality In Thai Folk Songs, Buaphan Suphanyot
Manusya, Journal of Humanities
Combining fieldwork research with textual analysis, this paper investigates the role of traditional Thai folk songs in teaching sexuality and sex education in contemporary Thai society. Although this mode of teaching is not formally included in school curricula, folk songs have easily lent themselves to the role of education and the transmission of cultural values. They are filled with humour, easy to remember, and do not challenge prevailing Thai moral standards. This paper shows how folk songs have long been an important way for Thai people to learn about sexual desire, the functioning of sexual organs, intercourse, sexual behaviour, courtship …
Improving 'Consumer Protection' With Buddhist Ethics: Necessity, Possibility, Challenge, Suntharee T. Chaisumritchoke
Improving 'Consumer Protection' With Buddhist Ethics: Necessity, Possibility, Challenge, Suntharee T. Chaisumritchoke
Manusya, Journal of Humanities
This article primarily aims to draw attention to the concept of consumer protection in health care and the drug regulatory system. Consumer protection originated in the Western tradition and later it became a consumer protection model adopted by countries all over the world. However, it has been challenged when consumers have encountered the various unethical drug marketing strategies of the pharmaceutical industry. Modern advertising and aggressive drug marketing have considerably contributed to and stimulated mixed feelings of greed, fear and delusion so that consumers? minds have become weak and vulnerable. Meanwhile, the minds of physicians and the drug regulators have …
Mon Nationalism And The Invention Of Traditions: The Case Of The Mons In Thier Diasporic Communities, Juajan Wongpolganan
Mon Nationalism And The Invention Of Traditions: The Case Of The Mons In Thier Diasporic Communities, Juajan Wongpolganan
Manusya, Journal of Humanities
This essay is aimed to describe and analyze the invention of Mon traditions by applying Eric Hobsbawm and Terence Ranger's concept of invented traditions. As I found in my observations in the field and in archival research, the Mons in their homeland and their diasporic communities overseas have invented a number of traditions in order to show solidarity. These include national costumes, a national flag, a national anthem, and a national day.
King Mongkut's Political And Religious Ideologies Through Architecture At Phra Nakorn Kiri, Somphong Amnuay-Ngerntra
King Mongkut's Political And Religious Ideologies Through Architecture At Phra Nakorn Kiri, Somphong Amnuay-Ngerntra
Manusya, Journal of Humanities
This research investigates King Mongkut?s vision of modernity as expressed through the medium of Phra Nakhon Kiri in Phetchaburi. King Mongkut used hierarchically traditional architecture as a means of bolstering national pride and legitimising claims to the right of kingship. Simultaneously, a political position of Siam as a modern state was manifested through European-Sino-Siamese hybrid architectural styles in the mid-nineteenth century. In addition, the bell-shaped pagoda style within the site complex reflected his religious reform directed at upgrading monastic practices and purifying the canon. His reformed Buddhist sect, Thammayut, is characterised as rational, intellectual, and humanistic. Such religious reform was …
Muslim Communities During The Ayutthaya Period, Julispong Chularatana
Muslim Communities During The Ayutthaya Period, Julispong Chularatana
Manusya, Journal of Humanities
The Muslims in Ayutthaya were divided into distinct groups. The first, the Indo-Malay Muslims, and the second, the Sunni Muslims from the countries to the west of Siam, were the groups outside the city wall, while the third resided inside the city wall. This third group consisted mainly of Indo-Iranian Muslims of the Shiite sect, different from the first and the second groups, who were primarily of Sunni sect of the Shaf'is group. The differences in their religion, race, society, and culture caused these Muslims to separate into different communities in the city of Ayutthaya.
A Comparative Study Of Chinese Musical Activities And Thai Cultural Contexts, Jintana T. Barton
A Comparative Study Of Chinese Musical Activities And Thai Cultural Contexts, Jintana T. Barton
Manusya, Journal of Humanities
This research explores the influence of Chinese music as it is reflected in cultural activities in China and Thailand. In China, music has been used since long before the time of Confucius (551-479 BC) as a learning tool, and the Chinese who migrated into Southeast Asia and ultimately Thailand brought their music with them. In Thai society, Chinese music has been used in traditional ways. Although the music remains closer to what was brought with the immigrants, it has been adopted into Thai society in ways that go far beyond the original Chinese use. This research found that some Chinese …
The Decline Of Socialist Realism In Post-1975 Vietnamese Literature, Montira Rato
The Decline Of Socialist Realism In Post-1975 Vietnamese Literature, Montira Rato
Manusya, Journal of Humanities
In Vietnam, Socialist Realism served as a tool for the party and the state to control art and literature. Its emphasis on the utilitarian function of literature and collectivism is a good explanation for why it flourished in Socialist countries, including Vietnam. However, Socialist Realism was found unsuitable for the development of Vietnamese literature in the post-1975 period. This study tries to examine how Socialist Realism was adopted and adapted in Vietnam, and why it was challenged in the post-war period.
Iinteractions Between Viewpoint Aspect And Situational Aspect: A Case Study Of Alternating Intransitive Constructions In Thai, Kachen Tansiri
Iinteractions Between Viewpoint Aspect And Situational Aspect: A Case Study Of Alternating Intransitive Constructions In Thai, Kachen Tansiri
Manusya, Journal of Humanities
This paper aims at analyzing an internal temporal constituency of situations denoted by alternating intransitive constructions (AIC) in Thai in order to subclassify them, and investigating interactions between two viewpoint-aspect markers, namely kamlang and yuu, and each subtype of AICs. According to the scope of a profile on the causal chain, the AICs in Thai are arranged into two main groups, i.e., the AICs denoting a simplex causal situation and the AICs denoting a complex causal situation. In each group, they are further subclassified according to the situation aspect of the denoted situations. In analyzing the interactions between viewpoint aspect …
Nathalie Sarraute: Tropisms And The Drama Of Logos, Nipaporn Tirasait
Nathalie Sarraute: Tropisms And The Drama Of Logos, Nipaporn Tirasait
Manusya, Journal of Humanities
Nathalie Sarraute created a new style of writing, renouncing the accepted literary forms by discarding conventional ideas about plot, chronology, and characterization. Research in this area has consistently shown that, in Sarraute, language is at the heart of her drama. However, this essay emphasizes that she played with the power of words and silences to make us hear far beyond the social surface of discourse and grasp what is really going on in the minds of the interlocutors. Against the structural linguistics of her time, Sarraute concentrated on every phoneme, every syllable of a word or an expression, testing and …
Areal Typology Of Mainland Southeast Asia: What We Learn From The Wals Maps, Bernard Comrie
Areal Typology Of Mainland Southeast Asia: What We Learn From The Wals Maps, Bernard Comrie
Manusya, Journal of Humanities
Mainland Southeast Asia has long been recognized as a classic example of a linguistic area, but earlier characterizations of this language area have typically been intuitive, for instance providing seemingly impressive lists of features known to be shared by Mainland Southeast Asian languages but without considering a list of features on which these languages differ, without explicitly considering the extent to which the features in question are common or rare across the world as a whole. By using the maps in the World Atlas of Language Structures, it is possible to build up a more structured assessment of the extent …
"Because Mother Isn't At Home": Evidentiality And Metapragmatic Knowladge, Krisadawan Hongladarom
"Because Mother Isn't At Home": Evidentiality And Metapragmatic Knowladge, Krisadawan Hongladarom
Manusya, Journal of Humanities
This article reports a result of an experiment in investigating Tibetan children's comprehension and metapragmatic knowledge of evidentials. The experiment was conducted in a Tibetan school in Nepal with three groups of children: 9-year-olds, 11-year-olds, and 14-year-olds. Four questions were asked based on a story. These questions solicit answers that reflect children's understanding and awareness of evidential contrasts, namely direct versus indirect experience. Most children seem to understand that when one has eyewitness knowledge of an event, s/he needs to use the direct evidential. In contrast, if one does not see what happens, s/he needs to resort to the indirect …
Another Look At Aspect In Thai, Pranee Kullavanijaya, Walter Bisang
Another Look At Aspect In Thai, Pranee Kullavanijaya, Walter Bisang
Manusya, Journal of Humanities
The aim of the paper is twofold. The first aim is to analyse aspect in Thai in the framework of the selection-theory approach developed by Breu and Sasse (1991). The second aim is to study all possible co-occurrences of each of the three aspect markers: lέєw, kamlaŋ, yùu with the four classes of verbs and with the verbs occurring with other strategies within the five classes of states of affairs. It was found that the selectional approach chosen helped explaining the inceptive-stative state of affairs in Thai clearly. It also pointed out that the Thai aspectuality focused on the initial …
Final Frictives*-S And *-H In Proto T'In Lexicon, Theraphan L-Thongkum
Final Frictives*-S And *-H In Proto T'In Lexicon, Theraphan L-Thongkum
Manusya, Journal of Humanities
Final /-s/ does not exist in modern T ʾ in; however, *-s in Proto-T ʾ in can be reconstructed. The distinction between *-s and *-h in Proto-T ʾ in phonology is suggested by two types of final correspondences, i.e., *-s has become /-yh/ in Mal but /-t/ in Pray, and *-h has been kept as /-h/ in both Mal and Pray. This fact was pointed out by Filbeck in 1978; however, no Proto-T ʾ in forms were reconstructed by him. To show a clearer picture of the phonological history of T ʾ in, 68 Proto-T ʾ in forms were reconstructed, …
Eunuchs, Concubines, And The Islamic History Of Southeast Asia, William Gervase Clarence-Smith
Eunuchs, Concubines, And The Islamic History Of Southeast Asia, William Gervase Clarence-Smith
Manusya, Journal of Humanities
In the early 17th century, male servant eunuchs were common, notably at the Persianised Acehnese court of Iskandar Muda. By the mid-eighteenth century, the castration of male slaves mysteriously disappeared. Concubinage, however, lasted much longer. While there were sporadic attempts to stamp out abuses, for example sexual relations with pre-pubescent slave girls, and possibly, clitoridectomy, a reasoned rejection of the institution of concubinage on religious grounds failed to emerge. This paper discusses the sexual treatment of slaves across Islamic Southeast Asia, a subject which sheds important light on historical specificities pertaining to both Islam and sexuality in the region, yet …
Rizal, Sex, And Civilization, Raquel Reyes
Rizal, Sex, And Civilization, Raquel Reyes
Manusya, Journal of Humanities
This essay focuses on the work of the Filipino ilustrado, Jose Rizal, and his interest in the prevailing debate over whether the sexual behaviour of a culture reflects its level of civilisation. Spanish apologists for colonial rule had persistently argued that the Filipinos remained in many ways a backward and primitive people and delighted in alleging in support of their case that lasciviousness and promiscuity were widespread in the Philippines. These allegations caused deep offence to Rizal and his fellow propagandistas, who wanted, as a matter of patriotic honour, to repudiate such colonialist slurs. Through an examination of a selected …
Filial Piety And Chastity In Du's The Tale Of Kieu: A Challenge To Confucianism In Vietnam, Montira Rato
Filial Piety And Chastity In Du's The Tale Of Kieu: A Challenge To Confucianism In Vietnam, Montira Rato
Manusya, Journal of Humanities
he early 19th century Vietnamese masterpiece, The Tale of Kieu by Nguyen Du, is a story that famously highlights the conflict between the Confucian concepts of filial piety and female chastity, and between personal obligations and personal morality. This paper explores how issues of love and sexual relationships, as portrayed in the Tale of Kieu, influenced the thinking of Vietnamese intellectuals in the early 20th century. Drawing on parallels to Kieu???s plight, it is argued that the Vietnamese, who collaborated with the French, often made sense of their actions in terms of sexual submission and sacrifice as well as being …