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Articles 1 - 30 of 209
Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities
Judge Paul J. Mccormick: The Prelude To Desegregation In The United States, Jose Luis Castro Padilla
Judge Paul J. Mccormick: The Prelude To Desegregation In The United States, Jose Luis Castro Padilla
History in the Making
Born into a Catholic family on April 23, 1879, in New York City, Paul J. McCormick became one of Los Angeles, California’s most important federal judges. On March 21, 1946, Judge McCormick’s judgment in favor of the Mendez v. Westminster case declared California schools must desegregate. Until that time, school segregation had relied on the 1896 court case, Plessy v. Ferguson, which justified it under racial segregation. McCormick’s singular decision marked a watershed in the fight for civil rights in the United States. While Judge McCormick promoted justice, equality, and civil rights, his court decision desegregating schools on behalf of …
Student And Youth Sandinistas In Nicaragua, 1979-2018, Viviana Alvarez Rodriguez
Student And Youth Sandinistas In Nicaragua, 1979-2018, Viviana Alvarez Rodriguez
History in the Making
In June 1979, Sandinista forces in Nicaragua successfully overthrew a decades-long multi-generational United States-backed military dictatorship. The vanguard, a diverse coalition of secondary and university students, youth, clergy, and peasants, defeated the highly-trained Guardia Nacional (National Guard) and ended the authoritarian Somoza regime. This paper examines how Carlos Fonseca and other Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional (FSLN) leaders resisted the liberal reformist model inherited by student-youth of the late 1960s to demand a more radical political platform. By bringing a relatively isolated student movement into the masses, this paper seeks to understand how a privileged class of university students became …
Reproductive Justice And The Black Panther Party, Dakota Mancuso
Reproductive Justice And The Black Panther Party, Dakota Mancuso
History in the Making
Despite the multitude of research available on the Black Panther Party (BPP), the group’s widespread social activism programs and their positive effect on the health of communities, is generally understated. These programs, known by the party as “survival programs,” provided a plethora of services meant to increase the standards of living of underserved people, all at no cost. Such programs included a series of People’s Free Medical Clinics, Free Breakfast for Children programs, and several Liberation Schools, including the widely successful Oakland Community School. When looking at these programs within the context of reproductive justice, or the framework of study …
Seeking Social Justice In The City Of Los Angeles: Mary Julia Workman, Jose Luis Castro Padilla
Seeking Social Justice In The City Of Los Angeles: Mary Julia Workman, Jose Luis Castro Padilla
History in the Making
Mary Julia Workman (1871–1964) was a Catholic social activist in the early twentieth century. She was the founder of the Brownson Settlement House in Los Angeles established in 1902. By the twentieth century, during the Progressive Era (1896–1916), Workman led a group of volunteer women to help immigrants, the majority being Mexicans, who were segregated and discriminated against in the growing city of Los Angeles, California. Although Catholic activism was influenced by the Protestant Progressive ideology, Workman provided social justice to the marginalized communities with education, health, and job training. In a time when Americanization efforts imposed by conservative and …
An Analysis Of American Civil War Strategy And Tactics, And The Significance Of Technological Innovations, Ryan Rethaford
An Analysis Of American Civil War Strategy And Tactics, And The Significance Of Technological Innovations, Ryan Rethaford
History in the Making
The American Civil War (1861-1865) is one of the United States’ most defining moments. It remains the deadliest war ever fought by the United States and involved many new military technologies. This paper seeks to disprove the narrative that the Union and Confederate militaries failed to utilize these new technologies to their advantage. Many primary sources from officers and enlisted men prove they were aware of the significance of these technologies and used them effectively. Furthermore, this paper will draw upon a number of secondary sources to support this argument. Repeating weapons, breech-loaded weapons, and rifling were all used efficiently …
Mixing: A History Of Anti-Miscegenation Laws In The United States, Nyla Provost
Mixing: A History Of Anti-Miscegenation Laws In The United States, Nyla Provost
History in the Making
For over a century, many Americans believed that interracial marriage was unnatural. From the late 1860s through the late 1960s, the American legal system supported the belief that interracial marriages were illegitimate. In this paper, I examine how anti-miscegenation laws promoted and sustained white supremacy, socioeconomic position, and racial caste using antimiscegenation literature, legislation, and court cases. This study is significant because it examines the impact that anti-miscegenation laws had on the United States’ racial caste system and the American justice system.
The Double-Edged Sword: Examining The Contradictory Nature Of Savak And The U.S.-Iran Cliency Relationship, Braedon Mcghee
The Double-Edged Sword: Examining The Contradictory Nature Of Savak And The U.S.-Iran Cliency Relationship, Braedon Mcghee
History in the Making
The Iranian Revolution of 1979 marked the end of the diplomatic relationship between Iran and the United States. This relationship, cultivated by the United States throughout the Cold War, served the interests of the United States’ hegemonic quest to contain communism while also appealing to the Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi’s political goals. This paper analyzes the complex and contradictory nature of the U.S.-Iran relationship during the reign of the Shah, specifically focusing on the role of the Shah’s brutal secret police force Sâzemân-e Ettelâ’ât va Amniat-e Kešvar (SAVAK), created, directed, and funded by the United States to consolidate …
Reproductive Abuse And The Sterilization Of Women Of Color, Bshara Alsheikh
Reproductive Abuse And The Sterilization Of Women Of Color, Bshara Alsheikh
History in the Making
Women of color have long suffered targeted and systematic racial discrimination and attempts to control their populations by the state. Well after eugenic rhetoric and policies’ prime in the 1930s and 1940s, and the Civil Rights movements of the mid-century, Chicana, Black, and Indigenous women continued to be victimized by state-sanctioned eugenic policy. This paper examines the way that eugenic rhetoric and policy evolved from the first sterilization laws in the nation passed in California that targeted criminality to later legislation and rhetoric that explicitly targeted racial minorities.
Museum Review: Homestead-Workman Family Homestead Museum, Jose Castro
Museum Review: Homestead-Workman Family Homestead Museum, Jose Castro
History in the Making
No abstract provided.
Museum Review: First Americans Museum, Michael Chavez
Museum Review: First Americans Museum, Michael Chavez
History in the Making
No abstract provided.
Film Review: Summer Of Soul (…Or, When The Revolution Could Not Be Televised), Cameron Smith
Film Review: Summer Of Soul (…Or, When The Revolution Could Not Be Televised), Cameron Smith
History in the Making
No abstract provided.
Museum Review: “Brave Hearts: A Virtual Exhibit” With Room To Grow, Michelle Curtis
Museum Review: “Brave Hearts: A Virtual Exhibit” With Room To Grow, Michelle Curtis
History in the Making
No abstract provided.
Film Review: Passing, Cecelia Smith
Film Review: “Cats Are Excellent Conductors Of Electricity”: A Review Of The Electrical Life Of Louis Wain, Brittany Mondragon
Film Review: “Cats Are Excellent Conductors Of Electricity”: A Review Of The Electrical Life Of Louis Wain, Brittany Mondragon
History in the Making
No abstract provided.
Book Review: Boyle Heights: How A Los Angeles Neighborhood Became The Future Of American Democracy, Jose Castro
Book Review: Boyle Heights: How A Los Angeles Neighborhood Became The Future Of American Democracy, Jose Castro
History in the Making
No abstract provided.
Book Review: Reckoning With Slavery: Gender, Kinship, And Capitalism In The Early Black Atlantic, Brittany Mondragon
Book Review: Reckoning With Slavery: Gender, Kinship, And Capitalism In The Early Black Atlantic, Brittany Mondragon
History in the Making
No abstract provided.
Bell Hooks (1952–2021), Cecelia Smith
Uprooted: Doorway Gardens And African Plant Cultivation In The Colonial Atlantic World, Brittany Mondragon
Uprooted: Doorway Gardens And African Plant Cultivation In The Colonial Atlantic World, Brittany Mondragon
History in the Making
Approximately twelve million enslaved African people were uprooted from their homes and sent to the New World to work as free forced labor on plantation fields. Meanwhile, African plants also made their own triangular voyage across the Atlantic as slave ship captains gathered provisions for the seafaring journey or Africans stowed away food as they embarked on an unknown and horrifying journey. While attention on the transatlantic trade nexus often focuses on food and cash crops traveling between Europe and the Americas, several different produce of African origins were transplanted in America and often found in enslaved people’s provision gardens. …
The Recognition Of The United States: How European Nations Recognized The Sovereignty Of America, Jesus Ruvalcaba
The Recognition Of The United States: How European Nations Recognized The Sovereignty Of America, Jesus Ruvalcaba
History in the Making
The diplomacy between the United States and countries in Europe during the Revolutionary War (1775–1783) has been of note for historians throughout American history as one can see how the United States’ foreign policy began to develop during the war due to international diplomacy. However, the specific discourse surrounding the diplomacy of American recognition has been lacking, in particular from the perspective of the European powers who formally recognized the United States as a sovereign country. The process of recognition is a vital part to the development of any country, both new and established. In addition to being vital, it …
The Development Of Synthetic Rubber And Its Significance In World War Ii, Nyla Provost
The Development Of Synthetic Rubber And Its Significance In World War Ii, Nyla Provost
History in the Making
Rubber has been one of humanity’s most vital resources for hundreds of years. World War II was a pivotal event in the history of rubber that permanently altered the industry forever. Prior to World War II, the majority of the rubber in the United States came from foreign rubber plantations. The United States’ reliance on foreign rubber led to a crisis in the early twentieth century. Shortly after the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, Japanese forces in Southeast Asia captured ninety percent of the United States’ natural rubber supply. This was a monumental event as rubber was …
Oration And Theater In The American Revolution: Equivalent Influences Or Separate Spheres, Deborah Zuk
Oration And Theater In The American Revolution: Equivalent Influences Or Separate Spheres, Deborah Zuk
History in the Making
During the American Revolution (1775–1783) public speaking and the theater were an important part of politics and society. However, the two mediums were viewed differently. Oration was a valued skill, while acting was scorned and even outlawed. This paper argues that both aspects of society were equally crucial to the American Revolution. They were both taught and trained in similar ways and used to push political agendas. This article examines the manuals and history of both oration and the theater and how their influences touch upon all levels of society. It concludes that oration and acting are equal in their …
Coping With Trauma: Evidence That Suggests The Ancient Egyptians Used Transpersonal Psychology To Cope With Birth-Related Trauma, Erika Kelley
History in the Making
Giving birth in the ancient world was very difficult, stressful, and dangerous with many mothers and children sadly not surviving the ordeal. To deal with this often-traumatic event, many ancient Egyptians used rituals, tools, and spells to ensure that their deities would be present during these difficult times and help either physically or mentally. For the ancient Egyptians, interacting with their gods was a way to ensure their survival, but in modernity, relying on religious or spiritual practices during stressful events correlates with psychology. Modern scholars have named this idea transpersonal psychology, and it is a subsection of humanistic psychology …
Alcatraz, A Pelican’S Brief, Cecelia Smith
Alcatraz, A Pelican’S Brief, Cecelia Smith
History in the Making
Jutting out into the middle of San Francisco Bay is a large rocky formation known as Alcatraz Island, its name loosely translated from the Spanish word for “pelican.” Tourists leave from Pier thirty-three and travel to the island which has been designated as a National Park. It offers visitors the opportunity to experience history as the location was once a fortress and a prison. Many visitors, however, are unaware of the connection of Indigenous populations to the island thousands of years before the arrival of Europeans. With the advent of settler colonialism, the impact of European colonial settlers on Indigenous …
Film Review: Secrets Of The Saqqara Tomb, Erika Kelley
Film Review: Secrets Of The Saqqara Tomb, Erika Kelley
History in the Making
No abstract provided.
Film Review: I’M No Longer Here (Ya No Estoy Aquí), Jose Castro
Film Review: I’M No Longer Here (Ya No Estoy Aquí), Jose Castro
History in the Making
No abstract provided.
Film Review: Mulan (2020), Josefine Pettit
Film Review: Mulan (2020), Josefine Pettit
History in the Making
No abstract provided.
Film Review: The Trial Of The Chicago 7, Moises Gonzales
Film Review: The Trial Of The Chicago 7, Moises Gonzales
History in the Making
No abstract provided.
Book Review: China’S Good War: How World War Ii Is Shaping A New Nationalism, Alexandro Serrano, Brittany Mondragon, Jacqulyne R. Anton, Sarah West
Book Review: China’S Good War: How World War Ii Is Shaping A New Nationalism, Alexandro Serrano, Brittany Mondragon, Jacqulyne R. Anton, Sarah West
History in the Making
No abstract provided.
Book Review: Vernacular Industrialism In China: Local Innovation And Translated Technologies In The Making Of A Cosmetic Empire, 1900–1940, Alexandro Serrano
Book Review: Vernacular Industrialism In China: Local Innovation And Translated Technologies In The Making Of A Cosmetic Empire, 1900–1940, Alexandro Serrano
History in the Making
No abstract provided.
A Comparative Review: Obeah, Race And Racism: Caribbean Witchcraft In The English Imagination And Experiments With Power: Obeah And The Remaking Of Religion In Trinidad, Brittany Mondragon
A Comparative Review: Obeah, Race And Racism: Caribbean Witchcraft In The English Imagination And Experiments With Power: Obeah And The Remaking Of Religion In Trinidad, Brittany Mondragon
History in the Making
No abstract provided.