Teaching Research Ethics Across The Curriculum: An Institutional Change Model, Michael Pritchard
Dec 2011
Teaching Research Ethics Across The Curriculum: An Institutional Change Model, Michael Pritchard
Michael Pritchard
No abstract available.
Moral Machines?, Michael Pritchard
Dec 2010
Moral Machines?, Michael Pritchard
Michael Pritchard
Wendell Wallach and Colin Allen’s Moral Machines: Teaching Robots Right From Wrong (Oxford University Press, 2009) explores efforts to develop machines that, not only can be employed for good or bad ends, but which themselves can be held morally accountable for what they do—artificial moral agents(AMAs). This essay is a critical response to Wallach and Allen’s conjectures. Although Wallach and Allen do not suggest that we are close to being able to create full-fledged AMAs, they do talk seriously about making incremental progress in the direction of creating them (even if we never fully succeed). However, there are …
Justice And Resentment In Hume, Reid, And Smith, Michael Pritchard
Dec 2007
Justice And Resentment In Hume, Reid, And Smith, Michael Pritchard
Michael Pritchard
Adam Smith and Thomas Reid follow Joseph Butler's lead in discussing the moral significance of resentment in great detail. David Hume does not. For Smith and Reid, resentment reveals shortcomings in Hume's attempt to ground justice solely in terms of self-interest and public utility. This can be seen most clearly in Reid's critique ofHume's response to the sensible knave. Reid argues that Hume's appeal to our integrity can have force only ifHume concedes that there are elements of justice that are grounded in neither self-interest nor public utility.
Commentary On Common Morality, Michael Pritchard
Dec 2005
Commentary On Common Morality, Michael Pritchard
Michael Pritchard
No abstract available.
Philosophy For Children, Michael Pritchard
Dec 2001
Philosophy For Children, Michael Pritchard
Michael Pritchard
No abstract available.
Practical Ethics And Philosophical Reflection, Michael Pritchard
Feb 2001
Practical Ethics And Philosophical Reflection, Michael Pritchard
Michael Pritchard
No abstract available.
Service-Learning And Engineering Ethics, Michael Pritchard
Dec 1999
Service-Learning And Engineering Ethics, Michael Pritchard
Michael Pritchard
This paper explores ways in which service-learning programs can enhance ethics education in engineering. Service-learning programs combine volunteer work and academic study. The National Society for Professional Engineers (NSPE) and American Society for Civil Engineers (ASCE) codes of ethics explicitly encourage engineers to seek opportunities, beyond their work-related responsibilities, to serve their communities. Examples of how this can be encouraged as a part of the educational experiences of engineering students are explored.
Calvin: How good do you have to be to qualify as good? I haven’t killed anybody. See, that’s good, right? I haven’t committed any felonics. I didn’t start …
A Case Study “The Concrete Sumo” Exigent Decision-Making In Engineering, Michael Pritchard
Nov 1999
A Case Study “The Concrete Sumo” Exigent Decision-Making In Engineering, Michael Pritchard
Michael Pritchard
No abstract available
Kohlbergian Contributions To Educational Programs For The Moral Development Of Professionals, Michael Pritchard
Dec 1998
Kohlbergian Contributions To Educational Programs For The Moral Development Of Professionals, Michael Pritchard
Michael Pritchard
This paper discusses the contributions of Lawrence Kohlberg to the teaching of professional ethics. While rejecting Kohlberg's view that the most advanced stages of moral development must embrace utilitarian or Kantian principles, it agrees with Rest and others that postconventional reasoning is essential for professional ethics. However, it raises questions about how differentiations between conventional and postconventional reasoning can reliably be made. Finally, it suggests areas of psychological research other than moral reasoning that would contribute to the teaching of professional ethics.
Bribery: The Concept, Michael Pritchard
Dec 1997
Bribery: The Concept, Michael Pritchard
Michael Pritchard
The aim of this paper is to clarify the concept of bribery, and to do this in a way that reveals its underlying normative features. Bribery, like lying is not a value neutral concept. It has a negative connotation and is regarded by most as generally, although not necessarily universally, wrong. At the very least, those who resort to bribery bear a burden of justification for what they do. This is no small point, as no such burden must be borne for the vast majority of human activities, such as engaging in conversation or taking a walk, which normally …
Professional Responsibility: Focusing On The Exemplary, Michael Pritchard
Dec 1997
Professional Responsibility: Focusing On The Exemplary, Michael Pritchard
Michael Pritchard
The literature on ethics in science and engineering tends to dwell on the negative, emphasizing disasters, scandals, and problems of wrongdoing in everyday practice. This paper shifts to the positive, focusing on the exemplary. After outlining different possible conceptions of responsibility (ranging from a minimalist view of “staying out of trouble” to “going above and beyond the call of duty”), the paper discusses the importance of certain virtues for scientists and engineers. Finally, a broad range of examples of exemplary practice is offered.
Commentary On Michael Davis, “Better Communication Between Engineers And Managers,”, Michael Pritchard
Dec 1996
Commentary On Michael Davis, “Better Communication Between Engineers And Managers,”, Michael Pritchard
Michael Pritchard
No abstract available.
Responsible Engineering: Gilbane Gold Revisited, Michael Pritchard
Dec 1996
Responsible Engineering: Gilbane Gold Revisited, Michael Pritchard
Michael Pritchard
This paper addresses several concerns in teaching engineering ethics. First, there is the problem of finding space within already crowded engineering curricula for meaningful discussions of ethical dimensions in engineering. Some engineering programs may offer entire courses on engineering ethics; however, most do not at present and may not in the foreseeable future. A promising possibility is to weave ethics into already existing courses using case studies, but most current case studies are not well integrated with engineering technical analysis. There is a danger that case studies will be viewed by both instructors and students as departures from “business as …
Conflicts Of Interest: Conceptual And Normative Issues, Michael Pritchard
Nov 1996
Conflicts Of Interest: Conceptual And Normative Issues, Michael Pritchard
Michael Pritchard
Growing university-industry ties, particularly in biomedical areas, naturally raise concerns about conflicts of interest. Such conflicts are essentially problems in business and professional ethics. As of the fall of 1995, all institutions seeking funding from either the Public Health Service or the National Science Foundation have been required to maintain and enforce a written policy on conflicts of interest. The PHS and the NSF also require the disclosure of "significant" financial interests that might affect the research. Although the PHS and NSF requirements may prove helpful, they are not sufficient for monitoring the full range of serious conflicts of interest …
Teaching Engineering Ethics: Why? What? Where? When?, Michael Pritchard, C.E. Harris, Michael Rabins
Mar 1996
Teaching Engineering Ethics: Why? What? Where? When?, Michael Pritchard, C.E. Harris, Michael Rabins
Michael Pritchard
Engineering ethics is professional ethics, as opposed to personal morality. It sets the standards for professional practice, and is only learned in a professional school or in professional practice. It is an essential part of professional education because it helps students deal with issues they will face in professional practice. The best way to teach engineering ethics is by using cases—not just the disaster cases that make the news, but the kinds of cases that an engineer is more likely to encounter. Many cases are available, and there are methods for analyzing them. Engineering ethics can be taught in a …
Accountability In Philosophical Research, Michael Pritchard
Dec 1994
Accountability In Philosophical Research, Michael Pritchard
Michael Pritchard
This paper explores standards of accountability in philosophical research, particularly in relation to publication. The responsibility of researchers, editors, reviewers, and other scholars are discussed. Problems receiving special attention include: pressure to publish in order to obtain jobs, tenure, promotion, or merit pay; standards of quality; acknowledgement of the work of others; plagiarism; fabrication; distinguishing honest from careless misinterpretation; validation of empirical claims that underlie philosophical positions; and difficulties in detecting misconduct in philosophical research. The importance of self‐monitoring and moral character is stressed.
Families, Schools, And The Moral Education Of Children, Michael Pritchard
Dec 1991
Families, Schools, And The Moral Education Of Children, Michael Pritchard
Michael Pritchard
No abstract available.
Good Works, Michael Pritchard
Dec 1991
Good Works, Michael Pritchard
Michael Pritchard
No abstract available.
On Becoming A Moral Agent, Michael Pritchard
Dec 1990
On Becoming A Moral Agent, Michael Pritchard
Michael Pritchard
No abstract available.
Sts, Critical Thinking, And Philosophy For Children, Michael Pritchard
Dec 1990
Sts, Critical Thinking, And Philosophy For Children, Michael Pritchard
Michael Pritchard
There is widespread agreement that our schools need to improve science education. There is also widespread agreement that the schools need to do much better at helping students develop critical thinking skills. These two needs seem clearly connected. Neither can be adequately met independently of the other. Precisely howscience education and critical thinking should be joined is less clear. Everything depends on how each is to be understood; and here there is anything but widespread agreement.
Beyond Disaster Ethics, Michael Pritchard
Dec 1989
Beyond Disaster Ethics, Michael Pritchard
Michael Pritchard
No abstract available.
Reciprocity Revisited, Michael Pritchard
Dec 1988
Reciprocity Revisited, Michael Pritchard
Michael Pritchard
Introduction: I had the pleasure of meeting Lawrence Kohlberg just two months before his tragic and untimely death. He told me that he had prepared some written comments on my article, "Reciprocity," which appeared in Analytic Teaching, Vol. 4, No. 2. I mentioned an article I had written about his work. We agreed to make an exchange. I jokingly said, "Stage 2. You scratch my back and I'll scratch yours." I sent him my paper, but he did not send his. At first I amused myself with the thought that Lawrence Kohlberg, of all people, had failed to satisfy even …
The Land Of Curiosity, Michael Pritchard
Sep 1987
The Land Of Curiosity, Michael Pritchard
Michael Pritchard
Introduction: THE LAND OF CURIOSITY has evolved over the past several years as a result of discussions I have had with groups of 4th, 5th, and 6th graders. It all began many years ago in my daughter's 4th grade class. I wanted the group with whom I met once a week to think about rules. So I wrote a little episode about The Basic Rule. The responses to this episode were used as a basis for another episode, this one dealing with The Golden Rule. Responses to that episode led to yet another one on rules.
Critical Thinking: Problem Solving Or Problem Creating?, Michael Pritchard
Sep 1987
Critical Thinking: Problem Solving Or Problem Creating?, Michael Pritchard
Michael Pritchard
Introduction: For some time now I have been puzzling over what we really have in mind when we say that the schools should be doing a better job of helping students develop their critical thinking abilities. Although most educators agree that something should be done, there is no consensus on how to go about it. I suspect that this is partly because there is no consensus on what critical thinking is. I offer no definition. But I do have some reflections that, I hope, will contribute to our understanding of critical thinking.
Cognition And Affect In Moral Development: A Critique Of Kohlberg, Michael Pritchard
Dec 1983
Cognition And Affect In Moral Development: A Critique Of Kohlberg, Michael Pritchard
Michael Pritchard
No abstract available.
Philosophy For Children In A Public Library, Michael Pritchard
Jun 1983
Philosophy For Children In A Public Library, Michael Pritchard
Michael Pritchard
No abstract available.
Association Between Personal And Professional Values, Richard Mccuen, Michael Pritchard
Dec 1982
Association Between Personal And Professional Values, Richard Mccuen, Michael Pritchard
Michael Pritchard
Empirical evidence indicates that individuals do not always respond to an ethical dilemma in a professional setting in a manner consistent with the principles of the value system used to make moral decisions in personal settings. A study was undertaken to evaluate the degree of association between personal and professional value decision‐making. Responses from 21 individuals to case studies involving value conflicts were evaluated and subjected to correlation analyses. The results indicate that a strong correlation exists; however, eight of the 21 individuals showed some difference in value decision‐making capability when responding to value conflicts in personal and professional settings. …
Self-Regard And The Supererogatory, Michael Pritchard
Dec 1981
Self-Regard And The Supererogatory, Michael Pritchard
Michael Pritchard
No abstract available.
Justice And The Treatment Of Animals, Michael Pritchard
Dec 1980
Justice And The Treatment Of Animals, Michael Pritchard
Michael Pritchard
Although the participants in the initial situation of justice in John Rawls’ Theory of Justice choose principles of justice only, their choices have implications for other moral concerns. The only check on the self-interest of the participants is that there be unanimous acceptance of the principles. But, since animals are not participants, it is possible that principles will be adopted which confiict with what Rawls calls “duties of compassion and humanity” toward animals. This is a consequence of the initial situation’s assumption that principles of justice can be determined independently of other moral considerations. We question this assumption, and show …
Philosophical Encounters With Children, Michael Pritchard
Dec 1978
Philosophical Encounters With Children, Michael Pritchard
Michael Pritchard
No abstract available.
