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Appendix Iv: Potmarks, Nicolle Hirschfeld
Appendix Iv: Potmarks, Nicolle Hirschfeld
Nicolle E Hirshfeld
I. Potmarks from the Limassol area tombs The excavation of any Late Cypriote site settlement, tomb, shipwreck usually yields pottery marked with incised, impressed, or painted signs. The collection of marked pottery presented here is significant especially because it fills in the heretofore geographic lacuna between the substantial assemblages of Late Cypriote potmarks discovered in the Kouris (Smith 2012) and Vasilikos (E. Masson 1989; Cadogan, Driessen, and Ferrara 2009, 145) River Valleys. Smith has demonstrated how much marked pottery, considered in the context of other indications of administrative control, can reveal about the administrative, economic, and political organization of a …
Vases Marked For Exchange: The Not-So-Special Case Of Pictorial Pottery, Nicolle Hirschfeld
Vases Marked For Exchange: The Not-So-Special Case Of Pictorial Pottery, Nicolle Hirschfeld
Nicolle E Hirshfeld
Large, bold marks are painted or incised on the handles or bases of thirty-seven pictorial vases. These same kinds of marks and same patterns of marking are found on non-pictorial Mycenaean pottery. In general, marks on Mycenaean pottery are rare and the circumstances of their use are not yet fully understood. It is clear that they are associated with Cyprus, and it is most likely that they are associated with Cypriot traders. The marks do indicate that pictorial vases were handled through the same channels and documented in the same manner as the trade in linear and pattern-decorated Mycenaean pottery.
The Ship Of Saint Paul: Historical Background, Nicolle Hirschfeld
The Ship Of Saint Paul: Historical Background, Nicolle Hirschfeld
Nicolle E Hirshfeld
In C.E. 62, Saint Paul left Caesarea for Italy. Sailing in a vessel of unknown type, he reached Myra on the southern coast of Turkey, where he boarded another ship for the second leg of his trip. Acts 27:6-28:16 records subsequent events: the voyage to Crete made difficult by unusual autumnal winds; an attempt to find a Cretan harbor in which to stay the winter; and finally the tempest that drove the ship across the Adriatic and caused it to wreck on the island of Melita (Malta). This story is more than a tale of adventure. From the perspective of …
The Bureaucracy Of Trade In The Late Bronze Age Eastern Mediterranean, Nicolle Hirschfeld
The Bureaucracy Of Trade In The Late Bronze Age Eastern Mediterranean, Nicolle Hirschfeld
Nicolle E Hirshfeld
Imported objects, royal and personal archives stacked with commercial documents, and shipwrecked cargoes provide evidence for widespread contact and exchange in the Late Bronze Age (LB) eastern Mediterranean. Attempts to reconstruct the patterns and motives for this trade usually concentrate on studies of the documents and the trade items themselves. One category of evidence that, although frequently noted, has not been subjected to rigorous examination, is the secondary marks with which objects-ingots and pottery, for example-were labelled in the course of exchange. Signs incised or painted on pottery are a particularly good source of information, since the widely-exported ceramics have …
Cape Gelidonya, Nicolle Hirschfeld, George Bass, Cemal Pulak, Harun Özdaş
Cape Gelidonya, Nicolle Hirschfeld, George Bass, Cemal Pulak, Harun Özdaş
Nicolle E Hirshfeld
In early August 2010, INA Director Danielle Feeney, stalwart supporter of so many INA projects, dropped anchor in the small seaside village of Adrasan and picked up the four surviving members of the 1960 expedition to Gelidonya: George and Ann Bass, Claude Duthuit, and Waldemar Illing. Feeney's yacht, Andrea, brought the reunited team to the sliver of a beach that was home during the long, hot summer a half century earlier, when it was demonstrated that underwater discovery could be archaeology. The following day, Andrea returned again and this time George, Claude, and Wlady dove on the wreck site, accompanied …
Marks And Makers: Appearance, Distribution And Function Of Middle And Late Helladic Manufacturers’ Marks On Aeginetan Pottery, Nicolle Hirschfeld
Marks And Makers: Appearance, Distribution And Function Of Middle And Late Helladic Manufacturers’ Marks On Aeginetan Pottery, Nicolle Hirschfeld
Nicolle E Hirshfeld
In 1891, Petrie noted “strange signs” scratched on “Aegean” pottery recovered from 12th Dynasty rubbish heaps at Kahun (Egypt). Within the same decade, the excavators at Phylakopi uncovered several hundred marked vases. Their 1904 publication briefly commented upon the vessels and the location of the marks, but the focus of discussion was on their possible function(s) and their linguistic significance, based solely on an analysis of the marks themselves. Comparison of the Melian potmarks with the symbols in Minoan writing led to a theory of a pan-Aegean racial and language continuity from the Neolithic period through Minoan Crete. Another half …
Signs Of Writing? Red Lustrous Wheelmade Vases And Ashkelon Amphorae, Nicolle Hirschfeld
Signs Of Writing? Red Lustrous Wheelmade Vases And Ashkelon Amphorae, Nicolle Hirschfeld
Nicolle E Hirshfeld
One important question about Bronze Age potmarks is whether they are signs of writing. An affirmative answer has significant implications for our understanding of how widely a script was used within and between communities. This essay discusses two instances for which the claim of writing on ceramics has been made: Red Lustrous Wheelmade (RLWM) pottery and the “inscriptions” found at Ashkelon. In both cases, the question is whether the marks incised into these vases are to be identified as signs of the Cypro-Minoan script. The answer is important in the first instance for our understanding of the diversity and specialization …
Ways Of Exchange In The Lba Eastern Mediterranean: The Evidence Of Marked Vases, Nicolle Hirschfeld
Ways Of Exchange In The Lba Eastern Mediterranean: The Evidence Of Marked Vases, Nicolle Hirschfeld
Nicolle E Hirshfeld
Thousands of Late Bronze Age vases were traded among the nations of the eastern Mediterranean littoral. At least 900 still preserve marks incised or painted on their handles, bases or bodies. At first sight, the variety of mark-types, the range of vases marked, and the wide dispersal of the marked vessels yields an impression of jumble. But on closer inspection, patterns of marking begin to become evident. The fact that patterns do appear lends credence to the task of trying to discover what those marks might mean.
Butrint I Shipwreck Excavations: A Collaborative Effort, Adriani Anastasi, Nicolle Hirschfeld
Butrint I Shipwreck Excavations: A Collaborative Effort, Adriani Anastasi, Nicolle Hirschfeld
Nicolle E Hirshfeld
In the course of their first season of surveying the southern coast of Albania in 2007, the RPM Nautical Foundation discovered (among other things) a deposit of about forty amphoras, probably the remains of a shipwreck (currently designated as "Butrint I"). Jeff Royal identified the amphoras as dating to the 3rd century BCE, originating from Corinth or a Corinthian colony. The following summer, the Waitt Institute of Discovery (WID) sent a team of three divers (Derek Smith, Liz Smith, and Joe Lepore) to explore the feasibility of excavating the site. At George Bass' suggestion, Nicolle Hirschfeld, a graduate of the …
Syllabic Writing On Cyprus And Its Context [Review], Nicolle Hirschfeld
Syllabic Writing On Cyprus And Its Context [Review], Nicolle Hirschfeld
Nicolle E Hirshfeld
For well more than a millennium, from at least the 15th century through the third century B.C.E., Cypriots wrote in syllables. Why and how they first began writing is unclear, and the language(s) expressed by syllabic writing during the Bronze Age is/are still unknown (ca. 216 inscriptions [ch. 2]). The earliest syllabic inscription that can be read dates to the 11th century and expresses a Greek name. But when and how and why Cypriots adapted their syllabic script specifically to write Greek remains unclear. Most of the 1,360 syllabic inscriptions (ch. 7) written in the course of the next 800 …