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Women's Studies

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2019

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Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities

Beyond Nationalism? Blank Spaces At The Documenta 1955 – The Legacy Of An Exhibition Between Old Europe And New World Order, Mirl Redmann Dec 2019

Beyond Nationalism? Blank Spaces At The Documenta 1955 – The Legacy Of An Exhibition Between Old Europe And New World Order, Mirl Redmann

Artl@s Bulletin

Was the first documenta really beyond nationalism? documenta 1955 has been widely regarded as conciliation for the fascist legacy of the exhibition “Degenerate Art” (1937), and as an attempt to reintegrate Germany into the international arts community. This article employs published and archival sources in order to understand if and how documenta was impacted by the legacy of nationalism in post-fascist Germany. A biographic sketch of Antonio Corpora (1909-2004) shows how the purportedly “universalist” selection criteria employed by documenta erased cultural specificity and solidified nationalist conceptions of center and periphery.


Women's Reproductive Rights Under Marriage Contract, Sri Endah Kinasih, Toetik Koesbardiati, Siti Mas’Udah Dec 2019

Women's Reproductive Rights Under Marriage Contract, Sri Endah Kinasih, Toetik Koesbardiati, Siti Mas’Udah

Journal of International Women's Studies

In Indonesia, marriage contracts are still common. In addition to culture, women's reproductive rights are also strongly associated with poverty. The poverty factor is very influential in relation to quality of life and women's reproductive health. This article investigates the reproductive health rights of women under a marriage contract. Employing the descriptive qualitative method, the research was conducted in Pasuruan, East Java and Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. The selection of the research contexts was done purposively. This study shows that a marriage contract does not always imply the occurrence of sexual intercourse. Sexual intercourse in a marriage contract may happen …


The Effect Of Entrepreneurial Mindset, Digital Training And Supervision On The Competitiveness Of Small And Medium Enterprises (Sme) For Women, Ritha F. Dalimunthe Dec 2019

The Effect Of Entrepreneurial Mindset, Digital Training And Supervision On The Competitiveness Of Small And Medium Enterprises (Sme) For Women, Ritha F. Dalimunthe

Journal of International Women's Studies

The Cikal Incubator Business has been preparing and developing many communities Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) for years. The SMEs under Cikal were trained and supervised periodically in order to allow them to reach a better level of competitiveness in the market. This research aimed to assess the aspects of mindset, strategies, and competitiveness in the women’s SMEs under Cikal Universitas Sumatera Utara. A total of 42 SMEs participated in this research. The data collection techniques included questionnaires and interviews focused on the implementation of SMEs. Descriptive analysis was used to evaluate our findings. The results of this research have …


Women’S Resilience In Preserving Family Life Following An Earthquake In North Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, Tuti Budirahayu, Anis Farida, Sughmita Maslacha Amala S. Dec 2019

Women’S Resilience In Preserving Family Life Following An Earthquake In North Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, Tuti Budirahayu, Anis Farida, Sughmita Maslacha Amala S.

Journal of International Women's Studies

The earthquake in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, in August 2018 not only damaged the environment and the area around the epicenter but also shook public order. The shaking of economic and social infrastructure is being paid for by unpreparedness in facing disasters, and this is compounded by the mental deterioration of the community due to the loss of family members. This study aims to describe women's abilities during the aftermath of the disaster, and their efforts to overcome economic and social problems within their families. We also observed women's collective efforts as a way to eliminate trauma (trauma healing). This …


Trafficking Of Women And Children In East Java, Indonesia, Sutinah Sutinah, Karen Mwende Kinuthia Dec 2019

Trafficking Of Women And Children In East Java, Indonesia, Sutinah Sutinah, Karen Mwende Kinuthia

Journal of International Women's Studies

This study investigated the patterns and modes of the occurrence of cases of women and child trafficking in East Java Province, Indonesia. This includes the factors that cause women to become familiar with the trade of women and children. This qualitative descriptive study was conducted in four areas of the East Java Province, known as regions, prone to have victims of trafficking. To collect the data, the researcher conducted in-depth interviews with 115 respondents: 40 commercial sex workers (PSK), 4 transnational/contract marriage victims, 45 beggars, 25 housemaids, 1 victim of child trade trafficking, and 10 concerned experts (researchers and activists …


Violence Against Women And Girls In Harare, Zimbabwe, Maybe Zengenene, Emy Susanti Dec 2019

Violence Against Women And Girls In Harare, Zimbabwe, Maybe Zengenene, Emy Susanti

Journal of International Women's Studies

This article explores the phenomenon of violence against women and girls in Harare, Zimbabwe. Section 25 of the Constitution of Zimbabwe stipulates that the State and all agencies of the government at every level must protect and foster the institutions to adopt measures for the prevention of violence. Regardless of such recognition, there have been rampant incidences of politically motivated and domestic violence against women and girls in the country. Domestic violence against women and girls is a violation of the Constitution of Zimbabwe and all of the treaties, conventions, charters and optional protocols on the rights of women. Owing …


The Role Of Culture In Cross-Cultural Marriage Among Minangkabau Women, Susi Fitria Dewi, Maria Montessori, Randi Ade Saputra, Sintia Farsalena, Fatmariza Fatmariza, Rika Febriani, Febri Yulika Dec 2019

The Role Of Culture In Cross-Cultural Marriage Among Minangkabau Women, Susi Fitria Dewi, Maria Montessori, Randi Ade Saputra, Sintia Farsalena, Fatmariza Fatmariza, Rika Febriani, Febri Yulika

Journal of International Women's Studies

Marriage is the strongest relationship in terms of controlling human behaviour. There are various reasons why men and women want to be tied through marriage, such as religious, economic, social and cultural factors, and even politics. Cultural factors have special characteristics because they are the product of creativity, human feelings and intentions brought from birth that are passed down from generation to generation. This paper aims to describe the cultural values that affect the lives of the Minangkabau ethnic women who marry other ethnic men. This study is based on interviews with 37 women in 7 districts in West Sumatra …


The Social Behaviour Of Pregnant Mothers And The Mothers Of Children Under Five In Relation To Their Children’S Dental Health And Growth, Thalca Hamid, Satiti Kuntari, Naila Marzuqi, Mutia Fauziah Dec 2019

The Social Behaviour Of Pregnant Mothers And The Mothers Of Children Under Five In Relation To Their Children’S Dental Health And Growth, Thalca Hamid, Satiti Kuntari, Naila Marzuqi, Mutia Fauziah

Journal of International Women's Studies

The focus of the research is whether there is a relationship between the behaviour of pregnant mothers and the mothers of children under five and their children’s dental health and growth. This is in addition to any predisposing, enabling and reinforcing factors. This study is intended to reveal the following two key points: 1) to identify the level of knowledge of pregnant women and the mother of toddlers about oral health in children under five and 2) to identify effective models of empowerment for pregnant women and the mothers of toddlers to prevent dental and oral cavity diseases in the …


Feminization Of Poverty Program (Pfk) And The Empowerment Of Women Heads-Of-Household In East Java, Indonesia, Sulikah Asmorowati, Violeta Schubert, Dian Yulie Reindrawati Dec 2019

Feminization Of Poverty Program (Pfk) And The Empowerment Of Women Heads-Of-Household In East Java, Indonesia, Sulikah Asmorowati, Violeta Schubert, Dian Yulie Reindrawati

Journal of International Women's Studies

Severe conditions of poverty have been found in households headed by women in East Java Province, Indonesia. In response to this, the Provincial Government of East Java initiated an innovative program called Jalin Matra (Jalan Lain Menuju Mandiri dan Sejahtera or Another Way Towards Sustenance and Welfare) in which one of the programs is Program Feminisasi Kemiskinan (PFK). This paper is based on a research that is concerned with the implementation of PFK in the regions of Trenggalek and Lamongan, East Java, Indonesia, especially in the village level. It is especially focused on the impacts of the program implementation on …


Achievement Of Gender Mainstreaming In Islamic Schooling Based On The National Education Standard In Indonesia, Riswani Riswani, Rita Susanti, Nurhasanah Bakhtiar, Masud Zein, Eniwati Khaidir, Musa Taher Dec 2019

Achievement Of Gender Mainstreaming In Islamic Schooling Based On The National Education Standard In Indonesia, Riswani Riswani, Rita Susanti, Nurhasanah Bakhtiar, Masud Zein, Eniwati Khaidir, Musa Taher

Journal of International Women's Studies

One of the policies which has been issued by the Indonesian government regarding madrasah (Islamic schooling) is the Government Regulation (PP) No 11 of 2010 on Guidelines for Gender Mainstreaming (Pengarusutamaan Gender-PUG) in Madrasah of the Ministry of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia. The issuance of this policy is an attempt to eliminate the “gender gap” that occurs in madrasah. For almost two decades, it has been issued, but the gender gap still occurs in madrasah. This is shown from the results of several previous studies. However, all of the previous studies on the achievement of PUG in madrasah …


Women’S Knowledge And The Role Of Local Female Leaders In Ending The Practice Of The Early Marriage Of Girls In Rural Communities Of Indonesia, Emy Susanti Dec 2019

Women’S Knowledge And The Role Of Local Female Leaders In Ending The Practice Of The Early Marriage Of Girls In Rural Communities Of Indonesia, Emy Susanti

Journal of International Women's Studies

The practice of the early marriage of girls (under 16 years old) in the rural communities of Indonesia has remained to this day. This article aims to examine how the role of female leaders and local women’s organisations in rural communities and how they seek to eliminate the practice of child marriage. This article is based on a study conducted in 2 (two) poor villages on Madura Island, East Java Province, namely Sampang District and Bangkalan District. The subjects of this study were women who married at a young age, their husbands, parents, members of the women’s organisations and the …


Gender, Religion And Patriarchy: The Educational Discrimination Of Coastal Madurese Women, East Java, Sudarso Sudarso, Phillipus Edy Keban, Siti Mas’Udah Dec 2019

Gender, Religion And Patriarchy: The Educational Discrimination Of Coastal Madurese Women, East Java, Sudarso Sudarso, Phillipus Edy Keban, Siti Mas’Udah

Journal of International Women's Studies

One of the educational development problems is the gap in the quality of education between regions and community groups, as well as gender. This article has examined gender, religion, patriarchy and the educational discrimination faced by coastal women who are a part of the Madura culture in East Java. This study employed a qualitative approach by interviewing 70 informants who consisted of school dropouts, the parents of daughters who had dropped out, teachers, and community leaders. This study found there to be several key findings. In the Madura culture, the concept of gender for women is always associated with the …


Introduction: Gender Relations, Equality, And Inclusion In Indonesia: Contradictions, Complexity, And Diversity, Siti Kusujiarti Dec 2019

Introduction: Gender Relations, Equality, And Inclusion In Indonesia: Contradictions, Complexity, And Diversity, Siti Kusujiarti

Journal of International Women's Studies

The articles for this special issue were selected from the papers presented at the International Conference on Contemporary Social and Political Affairs held in 2019 in Surabaya, Indonesia. Although the themes of the conference were more general, most of the papers presented focused on gender relations and women’s positions in Indonesia and in the global context. Therefore, we entitled this special issue “Gender Equality, and Social Inclusion in Local and Global Societies.” Numerous existing articles and past studies on Indonesian gender relations in international journals were written by authors or scholars from outside Indonesia, providing some foundations and insights on …


Feminist Friendship As An Affective Engagement Through The Arts: A Decolonial And Posthuman Becoming-With Rebeca Lane's Alma Mestiza, Miguel Ángel Blanco Martínez, Paola Mendoza Téllez-Girón Dec 2019

Feminist Friendship As An Affective Engagement Through The Arts: A Decolonial And Posthuman Becoming-With Rebeca Lane's Alma Mestiza, Miguel Ángel Blanco Martínez, Paola Mendoza Téllez-Girón

disClosure: A Journal of Social Theory

This paper considers friendship as an affective terrain of feminist alliance among subjects that belong to territories with a colonial record responding to the colonial/modern gender system (Lugones 2007) through the arts. Friendship is here conceptualized as an engagement of feminist solidarity unfolding within theoretical and practical models of change and resistance against the logics of cultural imperialism (Lugones and Spelman 1983). Turning friendship into a polyphonic feminist reaction, this work is conducted by acknowledging the need to foster dialogues where different authorial voices and feminist positionalities meet, reflect, and speak. The paper settles the encounter between its authors in …


Recovery After The Rupture: Linking Colonial Histories Of Displacement With Affective Objects And Memories, Aarzoo Singh Dec 2019

Recovery After The Rupture: Linking Colonial Histories Of Displacement With Affective Objects And Memories, Aarzoo Singh

disClosure: A Journal of Social Theory

The notion of home and belonging, specifically in the context of South Asian postcolonial diasporas, is connected to past traumas of colonization and displacement. This paper addresses how trauma, displacement, and colonialism can be understood through and with material culture, and how familial objects and items emit and/ or carry within them, emotional narratives. I turn to the affective currency that emit and are transferred on and down from objects, by diasporic subjects, to access the possible reclamation of otherwise silenced narratives within colonial and postcolonial histories. By following the events of the Partition of India in 1947 as a …


El Vph Y El Cáncer Cervical En El Perú: Diferencias De Accesibilidad Entre Las Mujeres De Las Zonas Rurales Y Urbanas / Hpv And Cervical Cancer In Peru: The Differences In Accessibility For Rural And Urban Women, Jemma Stratton Nov 2019

El Vph Y El Cáncer Cervical En El Perú: Diferencias De Accesibilidad Entre Las Mujeres De Las Zonas Rurales Y Urbanas / Hpv And Cervical Cancer In Peru: The Differences In Accessibility For Rural And Urban Women, Jemma Stratton

James Madison Undergraduate Research Journal (JMURJ)

Este informe examina el estado actual del tratamiento y prevención del VPH en el Perú, y pone énfasis con problemas específicas que han contribuido al riesgo alto de cáncer cervical entre las mujeres rurales. Perú ha tomado grandes pasos en las décadas últimas para establecer programas que se dirigen al VPH y la salud de las mujeres. Sin embargo, las mujeres peruanas tienen una población más probable para contraer cáncer cervical en el mundo. Este informe compara los esfuerzos de prevención del VPH entre las poblaciones rurales y urbanas en el Perú y identificar las barreras que causando esta crisis …


Raising Indigenous Women’S Voices For Equal Rights And Self-Determination, Grazia Redolfi, Nikoletta Pikramenou, Rosario Grimà Algora Nov 2019

Raising Indigenous Women’S Voices For Equal Rights And Self-Determination, Grazia Redolfi, Nikoletta Pikramenou, Rosario Grimà Algora

New England Journal of Public Policy

The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples states that the right to self-determination for Indigenous peoples involves their having the right to freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social, and cultural development. The implementation of this right is linked to the ability and freedom to participate in any decision making that relates to their development. Current laws and practices are considered “unfair to women,” because they sustain traditional and customary patriarchal attitudes that marginalize Indigenous women and exclude them from decision-making tables and leadership roles. Despite the many challenges Indigenous women face in …


“Blessed Within My Selves”: The Prophetic Visions Of Our Lorde, Flávia Santos De Araújo Nov 2019

“Blessed Within My Selves”: The Prophetic Visions Of Our Lorde, Flávia Santos De Araújo

Wagadu: A Journal of Transnational Women's & Gender Studies

This essay discusses the intellectual and poetic work of Audre Lorde and its significance for contemporary global movements for liberation. My discussion considers Lorde’s theorizing of difference and power, as well as her poetic work, as prophetic interventions within the context of the 1960s to the early 1990s. I argue that Lorde’s intellectual and literary work is the result of a black woman’s embodied experiences within the intersections of many struggles—notably, the ones against racism, sexism, and homophobia. This strategic positionality becomes, as I discuss, the centrality of Lorde’s prophetic vision of collective and inclusive liberation: one that permeates past …


Review Of Darkness Now Visible: Patriarchy’S Resurgence And Feminist Resistance. By Carol Gilligan And David A. J. Richards. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2018. 172p. $20.59., Bekeh Utietiang Ukelina Nov 2019

Review Of Darkness Now Visible: Patriarchy’S Resurgence And Feminist Resistance. By Carol Gilligan And David A. J. Richards. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2018. 172p. $20.59., Bekeh Utietiang Ukelina

Wagadu: A Journal of Transnational Women's & Gender Studies

The authors argue in the book that Trump’s election shows the power and presence of patriarchy in American society and how gender can become the optics and hermeneutics of seeing things within a patriarchal framework.


Review Of The Economies Of Queer Inclusion: Transnational Organizing For Lgbti Rights In Uganda, By S.M. Rodriguez. Lanham, Boulder, New York, London: Lexington Books, 2018, Katharina Wiedlack Nov 2019

Review Of The Economies Of Queer Inclusion: Transnational Organizing For Lgbti Rights In Uganda, By S.M. Rodriguez. Lanham, Boulder, New York, London: Lexington Books, 2018, Katharina Wiedlack

Wagadu: A Journal of Transnational Women's & Gender Studies

The Economies of Queer Inclusion interrogates the politics of international LGBT activism and its effects on the kuchu (LGBTQIA) people in Kampala, Uganda. It deconstructs Western ideas about Uganda, using counter-storytelling from an anti-racist, decolonial, feminist and queer people of color perspective, merging historic discourse analysis, qualitative sociology and various ethnographic forms such as autoethnography.


Editorial: Media Activism, Sexual Expressions, And Agency In The Era Of #Metoo, Bekeh Utietiang Ukelina Nov 2019

Editorial: Media Activism, Sexual Expressions, And Agency In The Era Of #Metoo, Bekeh Utietiang Ukelina

Wagadu: A Journal of Transnational Women's & Gender Studies

The problem is that sexism, homophobia, and all forms of gender discrimination remain patently a problem in our society. Sometimes, these are echoed in language and most times in policies and practices that remain deeply unjust. The erroneous stereotypes about women ingrained in our polity and economic systems have often led to the exclusion of women from positions of leadership.


Sexual Real Estate: Repatriation, Reterritorialization, And The Digital Activism Of Nicole Amarteifio’S Web Series An African City, Tori Arthur Nov 2019

Sexual Real Estate: Repatriation, Reterritorialization, And The Digital Activism Of Nicole Amarteifio’S Web Series An African City, Tori Arthur

Wagadu: A Journal of Transnational Women's & Gender Studies

When Nicole Amarteifio, a Ghanaian born-United States raised repatriate to Ghana, uploaded the first episode of An African City to YouTube on March 2, 2014, she began a transnational televisual movement. The series, with two seasons completed and aired and a third season in the works, is a global powerhouse that not only shifts narratives about African mass media production and consumption, but also challenges limited notions of African life, especially for a new generation of the continent’s women. As the first of its kind on the African continent, the web series not only reconfigured the West African media landscape …


Seduction As Power? Searching For Empowerment And Emancipation In Sex Work, Jennifer Chisholm Nov 2019

Seduction As Power? Searching For Empowerment And Emancipation In Sex Work, Jennifer Chisholm

Wagadu: A Journal of Transnational Women's & Gender Studies

A longstanding debate within feminism has been whether sex work is empowering or ultimately disempowering for those who engage in it. This essay seeks to contextualize discourses about seduction, prostitution, and sexual tourism as they relate to Brazil and to make a preliminary assessment as to the ways in which the act of seduction might be empowering for Brazil’s sex workers. Based on ethnographic research and borrowing from literary theory, tourism theory, and interdisciplinary theories of power and agency, I argue that seduction has the potential to be empowering for Brazilian prostitutes who can capitalize on the racial and ethnic …


The Trans Complaint: Contributions To The Disagreement About Desire, Brandon L. Aultman Nov 2019

The Trans Complaint: Contributions To The Disagreement About Desire, Brandon L. Aultman

Wagadu: A Journal of Transnational Women's & Gender Studies

Trans studies has been argued to be at a defining crossroads. The discipline needs to reorient itself toward new theories of transness and subjectivity or face its own dissolution. This means contesting received dogmas of gender-determination, identity, history, and narrative convention. This essay examines how recently proposed uses of narratives, poetry, and satire can enable such contests in generative ways. It theorizes the trans complaint as an index for how popularly and academically mediated trans cultures, or intimate publics, might turn toward ordinary life theories in order to understand desire, fantasy, and their interlocking complexities of making a life.


Women’S “Empowerment” In The Bangladesh Garment Industry Through Labor Organizing, Chaumtoli Huq Nov 2019

Women’S “Empowerment” In The Bangladesh Garment Industry Through Labor Organizing, Chaumtoli Huq

Wagadu: A Journal of Transnational Women's & Gender Studies

By critiquing empowerment in international development discourse and reconceptualizing it, the article shows how Bangladeshi garment workers have used the trade union space to achieve socio-economic empowerment despite barriers to labor organizing. Further, it argues for the development of working class women’s leadership.


Homosocial Desire In Tsitsi Dangarembga’S Everyone’S Child, P. Jane Splawn Nov 2019

Homosocial Desire In Tsitsi Dangarembga’S Everyone’S Child, P. Jane Splawn

Wagadu: A Journal of Transnational Women's & Gender Studies

This paper explores the subtle explorations of homosocial desire in Tsitsi Dangarembga’s 1996 film Everyone’s Child. In her deft, though subtle, treatment of the social bonds among young males in the film, the filmmaker opens a space for queer readings. Societal inscriptions of gender and sexuality are also queried, as a teen engages in sex work to provide for herself and her orphaned siblings. While the film has been described as a film “about AIDS and orphans” (Lee, 2006, p.135), the paper proposes that Everyone’s Child is so much more than this. The paper considers the work of Sommerville (2000) …


Reflections On A Transnational Project: Suffrage In The Americas, Patricia Harms, Stephanie Mitchell Oct 2019

Reflections On A Transnational Project: Suffrage In The Americas, Patricia Harms, Stephanie Mitchell

Journal of International Women's Studies

Suffrage is the most significant political development within modern Liberal states. Despite this fact, it is curious as to why suffrage movements have so little history. This article focuses on the creation of an edited volume that seeks to address the women’s suffrage story across the Americas. While the intellectual process of the project is discussed in some detail, this article is predominantly a reflection on the process of developing a collaborative project and the challenges inherent to a transnational approach. This project reveals both the significance of suffrage and simultaneously the fractured landscape within individual countries, suffrage movements and …


The Perfect Misogynist Storm And The Electromagnetic Shape Of Feminism: Weathering Brazil’S Political Crisis, Cara K. Snyder, Cristina Scheibe Wolff Oct 2019

The Perfect Misogynist Storm And The Electromagnetic Shape Of Feminism: Weathering Brazil’S Political Crisis, Cara K. Snyder, Cristina Scheibe Wolff

Journal of International Women's Studies

In Brazil, the 2016 coup against Dilma Rousseff and the Worker’s Party (PT), and the subsequent jailing of former PT President Luis Ignacio da Silva (Lula), laid the groundwork for the 2018 election of ultra-conservative Jair Bolsonaro. In the perfect storm leading up to the coup, the conservative elite drew on deep-seated misogynist discourses to oust Dilma Rousseff, Brazil’s progressive first woman president, and the Worker’s Party she represented. Imprisoning Lula and preventing him from running solidified the effects of the coup and opened the field to the right wing. In this article, we track the roots of the elite’s …


Políticas De Feminicidio En México: Perspectivasinterseccionales De Mujeres Indígenas Para.Reconsiderar Su Definición Teórica-Legal Y Las Metodología De Recolección De Datos, Dolores Figueroa Romero Oct 2019

Políticas De Feminicidio En México: Perspectivasinterseccionales De Mujeres Indígenas Para.Reconsiderar Su Definición Teórica-Legal Y Las Metodología De Recolección De Datos, Dolores Figueroa Romero

Journal of International Women's Studies

Feminicides of indigenous women are not easy to distinguish in the data and statistics that feminist activists collect, to document gender-based violence against women in general. The killing of women because they are women responds to a legal definition that specifically refers to a particular type of victim: poor, working-class, urban women (Lagarde 2008). Very often the violent deaths of indigenous women defending communal/territorial resources, or violent acts related to the militarization of rural areas and extortion by organized crime may not necessarily be classified as feminicide since that violence is the result of the intersectionality of several orders of …


The Making And Silencing Of “Axé-Ocracy” In Brazil: Black Women Writers’ Spiritual, Political And Literary Movement In São Paulo, Sarah Ohmer Oct 2019

The Making And Silencing Of “Axé-Ocracy” In Brazil: Black Women Writers’ Spiritual, Political And Literary Movement In São Paulo, Sarah Ohmer

Journal of International Women's Studies

In this article, I will focus on two influential writers from the south of Brazil, Cristiane Sobral who currently lives in Brasília, from Rio de Janeiro, and Conceição Evaristo who currently lives in Rio de Janeiro state, from Minas Gerais. I got to know them in São Paulo in 2015 at a public event: the “Afroétnica Flink! Sampa Festival of Black Thought, Literature and Culture.” I will include references to some of their younger contemporaries such as Raquel Almeida, Jenyffer Nascimento, and Elizandra Souza, all of whom reside in São Paulo, in order to illustrate the Black Brazilian women writers’ …