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Articles 1 - 30 of 230
Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities
“A Freedom Rider Before Freedom Rides:” Jackie Robinson Beyond Baseball, Amy Elizabeth Cantrell
“A Freedom Rider Before Freedom Rides:” Jackie Robinson Beyond Baseball, Amy Elizabeth Cantrell
Gettysburg College Headquarters
This paper seeks to evaluate the historical discourse surrounding the narrative of Jackie Robinson. Famed for being the first African American player to break the long withstanding color barrier in professional sports, a vast majority of discussion surrounding his story has centered solely on his athletic prowess and triumphs. However, as this paper will explore, Jackie Robinson’s contributions to the wider framework of racial equality and civil rights within America extend far beyond the baseball diamond. Evaluating both his laurels as an activist and socio-political figure as well as how these merits have been depicted, or neglected, in media representations …
History And Implications Of The Missouri Test-Oath Case, Matthew X. Wilson
History And Implications Of The Missouri Test-Oath Case, Matthew X. Wilson
The Gettysburg College Journal of the Civil War Era
Cummings v. Missouri (1867) is often overlooked in modern legal history, and very little scholarly literature exists chronicling the case’s implications for contemporary constitutional jurisprudence. When awareness does exist, there is a tendency to classify Cummings as simply a Civil War-era religious liberty case—a mischaracterization which reflects a fundamental misunderstanding of the ruling’s background and modern relevance. In reality, born out of post-war paranoia over loyalty and past Confederate allegiances, the Cummings case is most notable as landmark judicial precedent in defining the U.S. Constitution’s proscriptions of bills of attainder and ex post facto laws, and possesses very little significance …
Chaos In Congress: Masculinity And Violence In The Congressional Struggle Over Kansas, Ian L. Baumer
Chaos In Congress: Masculinity And Violence In The Congressional Struggle Over Kansas, Ian L. Baumer
The Gettysburg College Journal of the Civil War Era
According to Joanne Freeman's recent book on congressional violence, in the years between 1830 and 1860, members of Congress engaged in 'manly' violence against one another more than seventy times. However, no issue caused more violent personal disputes in the legislature than slavery. In particular, the debate over the legal status of slavery in the Kansas Territory caused a panoply of incidents in Congress, including near-duel between John C. Breckinridge and Francis Cutting in 1854, Preston Brooks' caning of Charles Sumner in 1856, and a brawl in the House of Representatives in 1858. This article examines how these lawmakers' views …
A Stolen Ship: Robert Smalls’ Daring Escape To Freedom, Riley M. Neubauer
A Stolen Ship: Robert Smalls’ Daring Escape To Freedom, Riley M. Neubauer
The Gettysburg College Journal of the Civil War Era
This paper discusses Robert Smalls’ daring escape to freedom on the morning of May 13, 1862. Smalls was an enslaved worker on the Confederate ship the Planter. Along with other enslaved members of the Planter’s crew, Smalls commandeered the ship and sailed past Confederate forts and ships in the Charleston Harbor until they reached the Union. I argue that the story of Robert Smalls validates arguments that enslaved people were not bystanders in the quest for emancipation; rather, the unique circumstances of the Civil War and the morning of May 13, 1862, allowed Smalls to enact his carefully …
Front Matter
The Gettysburg College Journal of the Civil War Era
No abstract provided.
Letter From The Editors, Brandon Neely, Emily Jumba, Danielle S. Russell
Letter From The Editors, Brandon Neely, Emily Jumba, Danielle S. Russell
The Gettysburg College Journal of the Civil War Era
No abstract provided.
Gettysburg College Journal Of The Civil War Era 2023
Gettysburg College Journal Of The Civil War Era 2023
The Gettysburg College Journal of the Civil War Era
No abstract provided.
Huelgas En El Campo: Mexican Workers, Strikes And Political Radicalism In The Us Southwest, 1920-1934, Patrick J. Artur
Huelgas En El Campo: Mexican Workers, Strikes And Political Radicalism In The Us Southwest, 1920-1934, Patrick J. Artur
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
The political and economic conditions of Mexican workers in the American Southwest during the Interwar Period, their alignment with American and Mexican radical political traditions, and their labor struggles in the region’s agriculture.
To Bigotry No Sanction, To Persecution No Assistance: Jews In The American Revolutionary Period, Ziv R. Carmi
To Bigotry No Sanction, To Persecution No Assistance: Jews In The American Revolutionary Period, Ziv R. Carmi
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
While Jews were a small minority in the American colonies, they nonetheless participated in the American Revolution on both sides. This paper aims to evaluate the role of Jewish people in the conflict, contextualizing the experiences of this small minority within the larger narrative of the American Revolution and establishing their importance in the development of religious freedom in the United States. Through the examination of these topics, this paper aims to explore the Revolutionary period from the perspective of the Jewish-American, discussing their often-overlooked experiences in this watershed period within U.S. history.
The Reintegration Of The Loyalists In Post-Revolutionary America, Marco J. Lloyd
The Reintegration Of The Loyalists In Post-Revolutionary America, Marco J. Lloyd
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
Most White Loyalists were able to successfully reintegrate into society after the American Revolution. They made their case through decisions to stay and petition for amnesty, which was helped by demonstrating that they embodied republican civic virtues and by making amends with their community. Americans were willing to accept them back into society because of republican ideals, exhaustion from the war, the desire to repair community cohesion, and the social ties that prevailed between both sides throughout the war.
The Perspectives Of Urban Renewal: Reevaluating The Image Of Late Twentieth Century Gentrification Of U.S. Chinatowns, Christian E. Manalac
The Perspectives Of Urban Renewal: Reevaluating The Image Of Late Twentieth Century Gentrification Of U.S. Chinatowns, Christian E. Manalac
Gettysburg College Headquarters
Urban renewal or gentrification has affected many low-income minority families in the United States with redevelopment projects that destroyed their neighborhoods for the affluent white middle class. Unlike, many minority groups who protested against the intrusive practice Chinatowns communities saw themselves divided over the issue. Chinatowns throughout the nation benefitted from redevelopment projects that brought new investments into their neighborhoods’ businesses, but like other minority neighborhood, they also suffered as their residents were displaced. This case study examines the debates over urban renewal of Philadelphia and Washington D.C’s Chinatowns through local newspaper coverage from the 1970s-1990s. Specifically, this study uncovers …
Heaven Hung In Black: Grant’S Reputation And The Mistakes At Cold Harbor, Samantha J. Kramer
Heaven Hung In Black: Grant’S Reputation And The Mistakes At Cold Harbor, Samantha J. Kramer
The Gettysburg College Journal of the Civil War Era
This article examines Ulysses S. Grant’s command of the Union army after receiving his commission as Lieutenant-General through analyzing his decisions both before and during the bloody battle of Cold Harbor. By examining the various factors leading to his tactical decisions, including the ever-looming threat of the upcoming presidential election, the article questions whether or not his reputation as a butcher of his own men is truly deserved. That he made mistakes is undeniable, but the mess of Cold Harbor was not solely his fault. Through the use of a variety of biographies and personal journals and memoirs, the article …
Gettysburg College Journal Of The Civil War Era 2021
Gettysburg College Journal Of The Civil War Era 2021
The Gettysburg College Journal of the Civil War Era
No abstract provided.
Pittsburgh's Explosive Mystery: A New Holistic Study Of The Allegheny Arsenal Tragedy, Ethan J. Wagner
Pittsburgh's Explosive Mystery: A New Holistic Study Of The Allegheny Arsenal Tragedy, Ethan J. Wagner
The Gettysburg College Journal of the Civil War Era
This research critically examines the issues surrounding the worst civilian disaster of the American Civil War, occurring on September 17, 1862 in the Lawrenceville neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Here, seventy-eight teenage girls perished as the Allegheny Arsenal munitions laboratory exploded. Investigations in the disaster’s aftermath, and more recent analysis, have remained largely hesitant in placing chief blame as to its cause. Furthermore, for an event that would seem so significant, its story has inadequately been told. Given that the national spotlight was elsewhere at the time, as the Battle of Antietam was fought on the same day, existing literature has …
Front Matter
The Gettysburg College Journal of the Civil War Era
No abstract provided.
Letter From The Editors, Christopher T. Lough, Brandon Neely, Cameron T. Sauers
Letter From The Editors, Christopher T. Lough, Brandon Neely, Cameron T. Sauers
The Gettysburg College Journal of the Civil War Era
No abstract provided.
Analyzing The Interpretation Of The Civil War In Bluegrass Music, Carter W. Claiborne
Analyzing The Interpretation Of The Civil War In Bluegrass Music, Carter W. Claiborne
The Gettysburg College Journal of the Civil War Era
While the Civil War has long fit well thematically within the existing bluegrass idiom, the way that bluegrass has approached the war over time has changed greatly. Despite bluegrass largely originating from areas with little enthusiasm for the Confederacy during the Civil War, and the genre not emphasizing partisan aspects of the war for several decades, several cultural changes culminated in the late 1960s to turn the genre on a heavily pro-Confederate tilt, with numerous songs in the early- to-mid 1970s glorifying the Confederate States of America and its leaders, while also emphasizing Lost Cause arguments. To see how this …
"Good Neighbourhood": Canada And The United States' Contentious Relationship During The Civil War, Michael R. D. Connolly
"Good Neighbourhood": Canada And The United States' Contentious Relationship During The Civil War, Michael R. D. Connolly
The Gettysburg College Journal of the Civil War Era
For the majority of the Civil War, Canadians were divided in their loyalties to the Union and to the South. However, in 1864, after years of sending agents and conspirators into Canada, the South became bolder in their affairs north of the border. These efforts culminated into two attacks, planned and executed from Canada by the South: The seizing of the Philo Parsons on Lake Erie on September 19, 1864; and the raid on St. Albans, Vermont, a month later, on October 19, 1864. These two attacks forced Canada and Great Britain to reassess their neutrality and, under pressure from …
Righteousness, Reservation, Remembrance: Freedom-Loving Whites, Freedom-Seeking Blacks, And The Societies They Formed In Adams County, Brandon Roos
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
On the border between slave society and free society a collection of ideologies mixed. The residents of Adams County, even before its inception on January 22, 1800, lived in a state of division that swirled and crashed against the omnipresent slavery conundrum. The "New World Renaissance" swept through Adams County in the 1830s bringing schools, public works, businesses, and most culturally significant, new ideas. These ideas would prove to be the fount from which flowed the waters of reform. As the first settlers had made good use of the physical creeks and streams that dotted their pastoral landscape, so too …
"Moses In Retirement": Andrew Johnson, 1869-1876, Evan Rothera
"Moses In Retirement": Andrew Johnson, 1869-1876, Evan Rothera
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
On March 4, 1869, a tailor from Greeneville, Tennessee, who began his political life as an alderman and then mayor of Greeneville, who served in both houses of the State Legislature and both Houses of Congress, who served as the Governor of Tennessee and later the wartime Governor of Tennessee, who was elected to the vice-presidency of the United States, and, by the bullet of an assassin, made President of the United States, gave his Farewell Address. A few days later, he slunk out of Washington, D.C., and began his long journey home. Henry H. Ingersoll wrote to Johnson on …
'A Beautiful Dream Realized': John S. Rice And The Seventy-Fifth Anniversary Of The Battle Of Gettysburg, Brian Matthew Jordan
'A Beautiful Dream Realized': John S. Rice And The Seventy-Fifth Anniversary Of The Battle Of Gettysburg, Brian Matthew Jordan
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
"We have real cause for being proud of our past and the heritage it has given us ... We have a rich past ... along with this heritage we have had thrust upon us a deep responsibility," John S. Rice said in 1959. Indeed, it was the same sense of deep responsibility that had motivated him in anticipation of 1938. That year marked the seventy-fifth anniversary of the cataclysmic, three-day battle that was waged in the fields and farm lanes surrounding the seat of his native Adams County, Pennsylvania. Rice's cognizance of the importance not only of the Battle of …
"With Malice Towards None": The Springfield, Illinois Race Riot Of 1908, Andrew Carlson
"With Malice Towards None": The Springfield, Illinois Race Riot Of 1908, Andrew Carlson
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
On Saturday, March 4th, 1865, a tall man with dark, tussled hair and a beard, dressed in a large great coat with top hat removed, stood on the portico of the Capitol Building in Washington, D.C., addressing the large crowd that had gathered to hear him speak. These civilians crowded near to the balcony, not only to hear the speaker but also to fend off the cold, leftover from the rain of the preceding weeks. After briefly discussing the issues of civil war and slavery, he appealed to the Almighty for assistance and closed with these now familiar lines: "With …
The Question Of Morality In Relations Between The United States And Huerta's Government, Ashley Towle
The Question Of Morality In Relations Between The United States And Huerta's Government, Ashley Towle
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
The presidency of General Victoriano Huerta was one of the darker times in the history of the Mexican Revolution. Often described as a ruthless dictator, Huerta went to extreme measures to maintain power, even going as far as to assassinate those who opposed his rule. Senator Belisario Dominguez was one of those men who opposed Huerta's right to the presidency, and was assassinated after speaking out against the dictator. The series of events following the senator's murder did not affect just Mexico; the repercussions of Huerta's actions were felt in Europe and the United States. As a result of Huerta's …
Gettysburg Historical Journal 2008
Gettysburg Historical Journal 2008
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
Complete issue of The Gettysburg Historical Journal 2008.
Political Gridlock:The Ongoing Threat To American Democracy, Jalen A. Campbell
Political Gridlock:The Ongoing Threat To American Democracy, Jalen A. Campbell
Gettysburg Social Sciences Review
My paper answers the question: What are the origins of extreme political gridlock in the United States government and how can it be solved? I use quantitative research in order to measure the exact periods of split government and I note its effect on the probability of enacting legislation. The qualitative research highlights the key factors that leading to the increase of political gridlock from 1964-2016. From my case study, I argue political gridlock has increased because of ideological shifts in voters and politicians between 1980 and 1992, voting system imbalances, and critical political and economic events. I conclude with …
Robert Smalls And The Steamship Planter: Turning The Tides For The Union Military In The Civil War, William K. Donaldson
Robert Smalls And The Steamship Planter: Turning The Tides For The Union Military In The Civil War, William K. Donaldson
The Gettysburg College Journal of the Civil War Era
This paper addresses the accomplishments of the slave Robert Smalls and his absconding with the valuable Confederate steamship, the Planter, from the Charleston, South Carolina harbor in the early morning hours of May 13th, 1862. Smalls went on to become a pilot and eventual captain of ships for the Union contributing substantially to the Civil War effort. After the war, Smalls became a Congressman. Through his contributions, Robert Smalls left an indelible mark on the history of the United States.
Front Matter
The Gettysburg College Journal of the Civil War Era
No abstract provided.
The Unspoken Demands Of Slavery: The Exploitation Of Female Slaves In The Memphis Slave Trade, Sarah W. Eiland
The Unspoken Demands Of Slavery: The Exploitation Of Female Slaves In The Memphis Slave Trade, Sarah W. Eiland
The Gettysburg College Journal of the Civil War Era
In the antebellum South, exploitation and mistreatment characterized the plight of the female slave. In Memphis, the story remained unchanged. The abusive and exploitative nature of the Memphis slave trade emerges through high prices for particular female slaves, the growth of the mulatto population, and the existence of mulatto children from certain prominent local figures. The survival of slavery depended upon the ability of the domestic slave population to sustain itself through the female slave population. This view of bondswomen as natural breeders and the accessibility of enslaved females in an urban setting, subjected them to sexual violence and exploitation. …
“When This Cruel War Is Over”: The Blurring Of The Confederate Battlefront And Homefront During The Civil War, Sophie Hammond
“When This Cruel War Is Over”: The Blurring Of The Confederate Battlefront And Homefront During The Civil War, Sophie Hammond
The Gettysburg College Journal of the Civil War Era
The line dividing the Confederate battlefront and homefront was always extremely blurred, and this blurring, though initially a source of strength, contributed significantly to the South losing the Civil War. While fighting the war, the Confederacy faced a terrible handicap which the Union did not: the vast majority of the war's battles happened on its own soil. At first, this situation galvanized Southerners. But as the war dragged on, concern for their families as well as the very real costs of war—Confederate soldiers were nearly three times as likely to die as Union soldiers—encouraged a total of around 103,000 Confederates …
Gettysburg College Journal Of The Civil War Era 2020
Gettysburg College Journal Of The Civil War Era 2020
The Gettysburg College Journal of the Civil War Era
No abstract provided.