Arts and Humanities Commons^™

論康德的道德主體觀, Laiwing Au

Lingnan Theses and Dissertations (MPhil & PhD)

康德的主體理論不但為西方的理性主義開出了一個新的領域，在近代中國儒學 的研究中更被視為一個重要的樞紐。康德的主體理論除了為日後相關的討論提 供了穩固的框架外，他對一些重要概念──諸如理性、道德的必然性等──的 反省和釐清，更為當世的相關討論帶來了突破性的發展和影響。當然，其道德 主體理論也有不少困難。本文分成四章，基於上述各點展開討論。

第一章為前言，旨在闡明康德對其它道德理論的抨擊，以顯康德對道德的看法 之獨特處。

第二章對康德的道德主體理論作系統性的闡釋。由康德的最高道德原則出發， 闡明當中的關鍵概念，例如：道德的無條件性與普遍性，從而帶出主體所具備 的實踐理性及自律性。康德於捍衛道德的普遍性及肯定人之主體性方面，成就 無容置疑。但另一方面，在其系統中，道德法則只能呈現為命令，亦不允許情 感的滲雜。康德的這種主體觀並非沒有困難。

本文的第三章則指出康德道德理論對主體的一些前設，並透過比較康德與王陽 明的道德理論，揭示康德的道德主體觀並非在所有文化下都為人接受。最後， 本章亦希望帶出道德主體觀與道德境界的密切關係，以點出不同道德主體觀的 意義。全文最後以第四章作結。

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