Arts and Humanities Commons^™

Risk In Emergency Research Using A Waiver Of/Exception From Consent: Implications Of A Structured Approach For Institutional Review Board Review, Andrew Mcrae, Stacy Ackroyd-Stolarz, Charles Weijer

Charles Weijer

OBJECTIVE: To apply component analysis, a structured approach to the ethical analysis of risks and potential benefits in research, to published emergency research using a waiver of/exception from informed consent. The hypothesis was that component analysis could be used with a high degree of interrater reliability, and that the vast majority of emergency research would comply with a minimal-risk threshold.

METHODS: A Medline search and manual search were done to identify studies using a waiver of/exception from informed consent published between July 1996 and December 2000. A review panel of physicians and bioethicists independently classified nontherapeutic procedures in each study …

Setting The Moral Compass: Essays By Women Moral Philosophers, Edited By Cheshire Calhoun, Samantha Brennan

Samantha Brennan

No abstract provided.

Meaningful Work As Due Inducement, Charles Weijer

Charles Weijer

No abstract provided.

Review Of Unprincipled Virtue An Inquiry Into Moral Agency By Nomy Arpaly, Matthew Pianalto

Matthew Pianalto

No abstract provided.

Disclosure Of Research Result To Research Participants: Needs And Attitudes Of Adolescents And Parents, Conrad Fernandez, Shaureen Taweel, Eric Kodish, Charles Weijer

Charles Weijer

BACKGROUND: Researchers have a moral responsibility to offer to return research results to participants, but the needs and attitudes of parents and adolescents with cancer in paediatric oncology regarding the issue are relatively unknown.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the needs of potential research participants or their guardians with respect to the offer of a return of research results. METHODS: A questionnaire was used in a focus group and in telephone interviews with eight adolescents and 12 parents of children with cancer. The participants were asked to respond to the questions and to comment on the inclusiveness of the questionnaire.

RESULTS: The …

Review Of Assisted Suicide And The Right To Die The Interface Of Social Science, Public Policy, And Medical Ethics By Barry Rosenfeld, Matthew Pianalto

Matthew Pianalto

Barry Rosenfeld nicely captures the central virtue of his book Assisted Suicide and the Right to Die in the final paragraph: "Although this book began as a summary of what we know and do not know, it has resulted in a litany of opportunities for contributing to this important and still-evolving social and legal policy issue" (175). Rosenfeld's work canvasses the territory of assisted suicide, euthanasia, and other means of "hastened death" by providing both an historical account of these practices as well as a critical overview of some of the most recent studies on end-of-life issues. Through careful examination …

Review Of Understanding People Normativity And Rationalizing Explanation By Alan Millar, Matthew Pianalto

Matthew Pianalto

Suppose I make a promise to meet a friend for lunch on Friday. By promising, I incur an obligation to meet my friend for lunch. One explanation of why I incur this obligation is that the concept of promising (as well as the action of promising) possesses an essentially normative element. If I make a promise to do such and such, then I have a normative reason to do such and such. If I do not intend to perform a particular action, then I ought not promise to do it -- that is, given that I understand what is involved …

A Death In The Family: Reflections On The Terri Schiavo Case, Charles Weijer

Charles Weijer

No abstract provided.

Is Clinical Research And Ethics A Zero-Sum Game?, Charles Weijer

Charles Weijer

No abstract provided.

Minimizing Inaccuracy For Self-Locating Beliefs, Brian Kierland, Bradley Monton

Brian Kierland

One's inaccuracy for a proposition is defined as the squared difference between the truth value (1 or 0) of the proposition and the credence (or subjective probability, or degree of belief) assigned to the proposition. One should have the epistemic goal of minimizing the expected inaccuracies of one's credences. We show that the method of minimizing expected inaccuracy can be used to solve certain probability problems involving information loss and self-locating beliefs (where a self-locating belief of a temporal part of an individual is a belief about where or when that temporal part is located). We analyze the Sleeping Beauty …

Review Of Fatal Freedom The Ethics And Politics Of Suicide By Thomas Szasz, Matthew Pianalto

Matthew Pianalto

Dying voluntarily is an option that all cognizant human beings possess. To intentionally bring about one's own death is to enact suicide. In Fatal Freedom, Thomas Szasz calls attention to the fact that although suicide is not a crime, thinking about it, attempting it, or failing to perform suicide successfully all prompt psychiatric interventions and often involuntary institutionalization, which Szasz refers to as "coercive psychiatric suicide prevention" (CPSP). Szasz explores the historical connections between suicide and depression--a diagnosis which is purported both to explain (psychologically) and to excuse (morally) suicide--and reveals that the psychiatric perspective has gradually diluted the concept …

Feminist Philosophy In The Analytic Tradition, Anita Superson, Samantha Brennan

Samantha Brennan

No abstract provided.

Knowledge Of The Self-Revealing God In The Thought Of Thomas Forsyth Torrance, John Morrison

John D. Morrison

No abstract provided.

Can Alain Badiou's Notion Of Time Account For Political Events?, Antonio Calcagno

Antonio Calcagno

No abstract provided.

Evaluating Risks Of Non-Therapeutic Research In Children, Paul Miller, Charles Weijer

Charles Weijer

No abstract provided.

The Sheed & Ward Anthology Of Catholic Philosophy, Edited By James C. Swindal And Harry J. Gensler, Harry Gensler, S.J.

Harry J. Gensler, S.J.

The Sheed & Ward Anthology of Catholic Philosophy is a thorough introduction to the evolution of Catholic philosophy from Biblical times to the present day. The first comprehensive collection of readings from Catholic philosophers, this volume aims to sharpen the understanding of Catholic philosophy by grouping together the best examples of this tradition, both well-known classics and lesser-known selections. The readings emphasize themes integral to the Catholic tradition such as the harmony of faith and reason, the existence and nature of God, the nature of the human person and the nature of being, and the objectivity of the moral law. …

Plato's Cave And Aristotle's Collections: Dialogue Across Disciplines, Donna Zucker, Dominica Borg

Donna M. Zucker

This paper describes a joint effort between the Department of Theatre and the School of Nursing at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA. The purpose of this collaboration was to design and evaluate techniques commonly used in theatre programmes to help doctoral nursing students understand philosophical content. Various theatre workshop techniques were used in order to help them bring abstract ideas to physical life. In other words, these techniques and exercises help bridge theory and practice.

A Critical History Of Individual And Collective Ethics In The Lineage Of Lellouch And Schwartz, Charles Heilig, Charles Weijer

Charles Weijer

The notions of individual and collective ethics were first explicitly defined in the biostatistical literature in 1971 to motivate a mathematical solution to a posed ethical dilemma. This paper reviews key antecedents to these concepts and traces explicit references to them over time, primarily in the biostatistical literature. Following a historical exposition of these texts, a critical thematic analysis shows the following: the normative force of these concepts has not been adequately argued. Individual and collective ethics do not solve the problem of how to use accumulating data to inform ethical action. The notions of the "individual" and the "collective" …