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Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities
Toward A More Intuitive Virtue Ethics: A Perspectival View, James Fanciullo
Toward A More Intuitive Virtue Ethics: A Perspectival View, James Fanciullo
Philosophy
No abstract provided.
The Future Of Military Virtue: Autonomous Systems And The Moral Deskilling Of The Military, Shannon Vallor
The Future Of Military Virtue: Autonomous Systems And The Moral Deskilling Of The Military, Shannon Vallor
Philosophy
Autonomous systems, including unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), anti-munitions systems, armed robots, cyber attack and cyber defense systems, are projected to become the centerpiece of 21st century military and counter-terrorism operations. This trend has challenged legal experts, policymakers and military ethicists to make sense of these developments within existing normative frameworks of international law and just war theory. This paper highlights a different yet equally profound ethical challenge: understanding how this trend may lead to a moral deskilling of the military profession, potentially destabilizing traditional norms of military virtue and their power to motivate ethical restraint in the conduct of war. …
Robot Ethics: Mapping The Issues For A Mechanized World, Patrick Lin, Keith Abney, George Bekey
Robot Ethics: Mapping The Issues For A Mechanized World, Patrick Lin, Keith Abney, George Bekey
Philosophy
As with other emerging technologies, advanced robotics brings with it new ethical and policy challenges. This paper will describe the flourishing role of robots in society—from security to sex—and survey the numerous ethical and social issues, which we locate in three broad categories: safety & errors, law & ethics, and social impact. We discuss many of these issues in greater detail in our forthcoming edited volume on robot ethics from MIT Press.
Nietzsche, Virtue, And The Horror Of Existence, Philip J. Kain
Nietzsche, Virtue, And The Horror Of Existence, Philip J. Kain
Philosophy
Robert Solomon argues that Nietzsche is committed to a virtue ethic like Aristotle's. Solomon’s approach seems unaware of Nietzsche’s belief in the horror of existence. A life that contains as much suffering as Nietzsche expects a life to contain, could not be considered a good life by Aristotle. To go further, as Nietzsche does in his doctrines of eternal recurrence and amor fati, to advocate loving such a fate, to refuse to change the slightest detail, Aristotle would find debased. Nietzsche is committed to a virtue ethic, but not an Aristotelian one.
Occupational Safety And Paternalism: Machan Revisited, Earl W. Spurgin
Occupational Safety And Paternalism: Machan Revisited, Earl W. Spurgin
Philosophy
In 1987, Machan provided a libertarian case against the right to occupational safety. Since before Machan’s essay appeared, many business ethicists and legal scholars have given considerable attention to the overall position Machan endorses: the acceptance of employment at will and the rejection of employee rights. No one yet has given adequate attention, however, to the fact that Machan’s argument against the right to occupational safety actually stands or falls independently of his overall position on employee rights. His argument ultimately rests on two values: the promotion of employee interests and anti-paternalism. Insofar as those who support the right to …
Kant's Political Theory And Philosophy Of History, Philip J. Kain
Kant's Political Theory And Philosophy Of History, Philip J. Kain
Philosophy
Kant combined two traditional approaches in his political theory, reference to a utopian and ideal universal moral order in common with Plato, Thomas More, and Jean Jacques Rousseau and an analysis of the pursuit of individual self-interest leading to the establishment of laws that enable citizens to satisfy their interests, like Thomas Hobbes, Niccolò Machiavelli, and Adam Smith. Kant focused on the international level, arguing that following the categorical imperative would arrange a society equitably while national commercial self-interest would lead to a league of nations to adjudicate international disputes. Kant was unique in providing both a theory of an …