Arts and Humanities Commons^™

Changing Minds And Changing Practice: Barriers And Facilitators To The Use Of Methods Associated With Popular Musicianship, And Strategies Music Teachers Use To Navigate Them, Rhiannon Simpson

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The purpose of this study was to identify factors which impede or facilitate teacher initiated changes to practice, and the ways in which these factors were strategically navigated by secondary school music educators employing methods associated with popular music education [PME] and/or informal music pedagogy [IMP]. The research was framed using a theoretical framework informed by Bourdieu’s (2000) concept of ‘hysteresis’ and Schmidt’s (2020) concept of ‘policy knowhow’. This served to highlight the dialectic relationship between the beliefs, values, agency and dispositions of individuals, and the presence of complex policy networks across macro, meso, and micro levels.

The research utilised …

Moments Of Meeting: 'Intersubjective Encounters' And ‘Emancipatory’ Experiences Of Individuals With (Intellectual) Disabilities In Inclusive Musical Contexts, Caroline Blumer

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The purpose of this study was to explore an intersubjective framework to better understand the relational aspects of two inclusive musical programs in London, ON. I focused on mutual recognition moments, called moments of meeting (MoM), researching how they are formed and manifested while music is shared, created, or experienced within these two environments. Approaching such programs as potentially intersubjective spaces, this study investigated the impact of MoM and intersubjective experiences on the participation of individuals with Intellectual Disabilities (ID) in music making as well as on their perceptions of themselves as subjects. Equally significant, this study looked at emerging …

Singing Our Stories: Building Community And Developing Self-Empowerment In The Childless Voices Choir, Laura Curtis

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Involuntary childlessness is a complex and identity-shaping experience moulded by parameters of a pronatalist society. For the women who participated in this study, isolation, silence, and shame were experienced as a consequence of their childlessness. Motivated by the idea that singing, particularly in group contexts, might aid in unburdening women whose identities have been stigmatized by their childless circumstances, this ethnographic study examined whether, and in what ways, women experienced community and developed self-empowerment through participation in the Childless Voices Choir.

Framed by theories of community (Delanty, 2018) and empowerment (Adams, 2008; McLaughlin, 2016), this research explored how meaningful engagement …

The Effect Of Coping Verses Mastery Models On The Level Of Self-Efficacy For Self-Regulated Music Learning, Self-Efficacy For Classical Guitar Playing And Guitar Achievement For Undergraduate Non-Music Majors, Patrick K. Feely Mr

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of learning via mastery versus coping models on self-efficacy for self-regulated music learning, self-efficacy for classical guitar performance, and achievement in classical guitar performance. A secondary purpose of this study addressed the extent to which these three variables were correlated. The sample consisted of 86 undergraduate non-music majors recruited from two beginning guitar courses at a large Canadian university who reported limited previous experience with playing the guitar. Achievement in classical guitar performance was measured using the researcher-constructed Classical Guitar Performance Rating Scale. Data regarding participants’ self-efficacy for self-regulated music …

Music Making In Elderly Community Program For Korean Immigrants In Canada, H. Elisha Jo

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

This integrated-article dissertation explores music making in a community program for Korean older adult immigrants in Canada. Drawing upon WHO’s active aging framework and theoretical concepts of active aging, Erickson’s 8^th stage, and lifelong learning, this research investigates social participation and engagement through music making among seniors.

The first article uses ethnographic research tools to explore a culturally specific community program for Korean elderly immigrants called Canada Enoch Seniors’ College. Through engaging musically in familiar songs in their mother tongue, participants re-defined/claimed identity and group membership. Music plays an important role as participants collectively remember their shared culture.

The …

Musical Behaviours, Dispositions, And Tendencies: Exploring Church Music-Making Through A Theory Of Practice, Laura E. Benjamins

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The purpose of this study was to examine two churches’ music-making practices and their reflection of, and response to, the musical and theological fields in which they are located. Using central concepts from Bourdieu’s Theory of Practice (1977) including habitus, capital, and field in connection with religion, the study considered how worship leaders and musicians strategized their musical behaviours and “disrupted” or affirmed traditional norms of music-making in each contemporary worship music-making setting. The study further explored whether such musical behaviours reflected and shaped habitus both institutionally and individually, and if so, the ways in which the process occurred.

This …

Soundcurrents: Exploring Sound’S Potential To Catalyze Creative Critical Consciousness In Adolescent Music Students And Undergraduate Music Education Majors, Jashen I. Edwards

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The purpose of this study was to examine how and in what ways a reorientation towards sound could catalyze creative critical consciousness in high school music students and university music undergraduates. Specifically, this study sought to uncover how and in what ways sonic lifeworlds: everyday sound currents streaming in/out/through participants’ lived experiences at school, home, neighborhood, park, playground, street, alleyway, train station, cyberspace could potentially excite creative aspects of knowing and being via “cultural production” (Gaztambide-Fernández, 2011) and also elicit critical ways of thinking about and responding to the world as “cultural citizens” (Benedict & Schmidt, 2014). This study stems …

Sound Judgements: Music Education Framework For Guiding Digital Mixing Practice, Artur Kapron

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Mixing is an intermediary process within audio production wherein the aesthetic and technical qualities of musical compositions are further enhanced and refined. Most music perceived via audio-playback devices is mixed to sound a certain way. By understanding why recordings ‘sound’ how they do, musicians, music educators, and novice mixers can acquire a greater appreciation for mixing while considering how this process might affect their own performance practices (Hodgson 2019; Fisher, 1998). Knowing how and what to listen for when mixing is highly subjective, as people experience and describe sounds differently. Indeed, mixing is illusory as listeners are presented with an …

Exploring Musical Knowledge Within One Canadian School Of Music: Ideology, Pedagogy, And Identity, Kyle Zavitz

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The purpose of this study was to understand how the distribution and transmission of musical knowledges impacted the identities and consciousness of agents within one Canadian school of music which was given the pseudonym Eastern Urban School of Music (EUSM). The project was framed using Basil Bernstein’s (2000) theory of the Pedagogic Device, offering a language of description to examine how forms of regulation differentially distributed various identities and forms of consciousness. Specifically, this study explored how varying modalities of classification and framing revealed competing values about what counts as legitimate and ‘excellent’ music education and who is seen as …

See It And Believe It: An Investigation Into Singers' Imagery Use, Brianna Desantis

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Sport and dance psychology researchers have shown, time and again, how imagery improves performance in their respective fields. In singing, imagery has a long history in the bel canto (beautiful singing) tradition but it is more linked to using metaphor and simile as teaching aids rather than a mental practice technique to improve performance. Because of this, imagery in singing is even broader than imagery in athletics or dance. Moreover, imagery in singing psychology has not been as thoroughly examined in an empirical setting, especially not from a sport and dance psychology perspective.

This monograph aims to outline the term …

Critical Border Crossing: Exploring Positionalities Through Soundscape Composition And Critical Reflection, Kelly Bylica

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The purpose of this study was to explore the development, implementation, and impact of a musical learning project in two middle school general music contexts. Specifically, this study sought to consider in what ways, if any, such a project supported critical reflection, created opportunities for border crossing, and encouraged multiple ways of knowing in the music classroom (Giroux, 2005). Co-designed by the researcher and two participating educators, the five-week project focused on the creation of digitally designed student soundscape compositions that aimed to help students draw connections between learning practice and in-the-world experience. Critical listening and dialogue were utilized as …

Music Education In A Liquid Social World: The Nuances Of Teaching With Students Of Immigrant And Refugee Backgrounds, Gabriela Ocádiz Velázquez

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

This integrated-article dissertation explores the multiple ways in which music teachers, community facilitators, and students engage in music teaching and learning in social contexts prone to change due to human mobility. Drawing upon Bauman’s sociological understanding of modern societies as liquid and the larger implications of processes of human mobility in schools and communities, this research focuses on exploring music education as it happens within an increasingly diversifying Canadian society.

In the first article, a philosophical research study, I conceptualize the notion of coping with discomfort as a form of response possibly experienced by music teachers. Here, I draw from …

Ch. 05 - Transforming Music Education Re-Visited: The Significance Of Internationalization And Mentoring, Alexandra Kertz-Welzel

The Road Goes Ever On: Estelle Jorgensen's Legacy in Music Education

This chapter returns to Jorgensen’s 2003 publication Transforming Music Education. Kertz-Welzel revisits significant aspects of transformation in music education which Jorgensen suggests, and which are still important today. The author also emphasizes additional dimensions that are critical in the 21^st century, such as internationalization and mentoring. Through the formation of the International Society for the Philosophy of Music Education, philosophy of music education was significantly transformed. Internationalization in a respective field is always connected to the engagement of individual researchers who shape it and attract others to become part of it. Therefore, mentoring young scholars is an …

Forward And Up: An Exploration Of Implementations Of The Alexander Technique In Post-Secondary Music Institutions, Mei Lee

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Music performance is a psychophysical affair. Like athletes, musicians need to be physically, mentally, and emotionally fit in order to meet the demands and challenges of training and performing. For over half a century, post-secondary music institutions have been utilizing the Alexander Technique to address young musicians’ psychophysical coordination and playing-related challenges. This unique mind-body method teaches individuals how to move efficiently and carry out activities with freedom and ease by recognizing and changing counterproductive habits. It has noted beneficial effects on posture and coordination, pain relief, and stress management, and its relevance to music performance studies is endorsed by …

Preface, Randall Everett Allsup, Cathy Benedict

The Road Goes Ever On: Estelle Jorgensen's Legacy in Music Education

No abstract provided.

Ch. 01 - Of Dialectics, Juxtapositions, And Flexible Thinking: A Tribute To Estelle Jorgensen, Frank Heuser

The Road Goes Ever On: Estelle Jorgensen's Legacy in Music Education

Numerous scholars have provided philosophical perspectives to justify the inclusion of music education in public schools. The philosophical work of Jorgensen offers a framework that allows educators to move beyond singular agendas and apply eclectic approaches to meet the needs of unique teaching environments. This chapter offers commentary on her concept of dialectics and how Jorgensen’s philosophy nurtured innovative curricular approaches to music teacher preparation in a university teacher certification program.

Ch. 02 - Becoming And Being, Being And Becoming: A Necessary Balance In The Journey Of Musician Educators, Betty Anne Younker

The Road Goes Ever On: Estelle Jorgensen's Legacy in Music Education

In the field of music education philosophy, several contributors have significantly impacted how we think about and do music education. One such person is Estelle Jorgensen. Integral to her writing was the use of metaphor, which served as a means to present complicated concepts and ask complex questions. Her intent was less to provide answers but to instill an inquiry of pondering and imaging; it was more about the journey of seeking possibilities, and less about converging on ‘truths’ and arriving. The focus then was more on becoming and less on being’. This continuous process of pondering and imaging could …

Front Matter

The Road Goes Ever On: Estelle Jorgensen's Legacy in Music Education

No abstract provided.

Ch. 04 - The Pursuit Of Happiness: Music Access In 21st Century America, Carla E. Aguilar

The Road Goes Ever On: Estelle Jorgensen's Legacy in Music Education

This chapter describes policy mechanisms that can be revised to support “music making by all.” Aguilar starts with the normative claim that engagement in music education in elementary, secondary, and post-secondary institutions should encompass opportunities for a range of music-making experiences, especially those experiences that may be ignored or marginalized because of the traditional structure of post-secondary institutions. Broadening choices for musical engagement may provide greater relevance, as well as increased access and participation in learning music by all and for all.

Ch. 06 - Pilgrim And Quest Revisited, Iris Yob

The Road Goes Ever On: Estelle Jorgensen's Legacy in Music Education

In Pictures of Music Education, Estelle Jorgensen extends her analysis of the pilgrimage metaphor and its associated model of quest in music education. The purpose of the present chapter is not to refute or critique Jorgensen’s work with this metaphor but to build on it by exploring even further the possible meanings captured by the metaphor for music educators. While the notion of pilgrimage carries religious overtones from its long association with faith practices, in a secularized world our present understandings continue to be shaped by remnants of meaning from past mythologies. To that end, various notions associated with …

Ch. 03 - Is It Athene, Minerva, Or Estelle Disguised As Mentor? Or, Mentoring The Next Generation: Jorgensen As Mentor Qua Mentor, Pamela Stover

The Road Goes Ever On: Estelle Jorgensen's Legacy in Music Education

The work of a mentor takes many forms. There is the formal mentoring of a student or a colleague done by advisors and professors. From Homer’s Odyssey, however, comes another image in the character of “Mentor,” the trusted friend of Odysseus who was charged with the care of Odysseus’s young son, Telemachus. Although Mentor was male, there are two instances in literature wherein females—Pallus Athene and Minerva— took the form of Mentor and were successful where “Mentor” had failed. The feminine image of “Mentor in disguise” will be explored in this chapter to illustrate Jorgensen’s approach to mentoring a …

Ch. 08 - Embracing And Navigating Uncertainty: Estelle Jorgensen’S Contribution To International Wisdom, June Boyce-Tillman

The Road Goes Ever On: Estelle Jorgensen's Legacy in Music Education

This chapter will address the multiplicity of models and metaphors set out in Jorgensen’s Pictures of Music Education (2011). Boyce-Tillman will examine the concept of wisdom and its necessity for choosing a particular strategy in a particular context. Illustrations will be pulled from the author’s pedagogical experiences in and outside formal institutions like the university, school, and church. Wisdom is a necessary component of Jorgensen’s search for justice, and it builds upon an awareness of the value-systems underpinning how a Subject makes choices, particularly in the search for a common humanity. The aim of the chapter is to illustrate how …

Ch. 07 - An Aesthetico-Political Approach To Music Education: Transformation Beyond Gender, Cecilia Ferm-Almqvist

The Road Goes Ever On: Estelle Jorgensen's Legacy in Music Education

This chapter takes Jorgensen’s thoughts regarding how music education can contribute to a better world, developed in Transforming Music Education, as a starting-point. Based on her statements, I elaborate upon possibilities for equal music education. The picture of transformed music education, as I interpret Jorgensen’s work, is based on a dialectic approach, including mutual curiosity and respect. Through my research where I have interviewed female electric guitar playing upper secondary music students, shows though, that transformation of music education has to continue. For example, the analysis of their expressed experiences shows that they are diminished, quieted, encouraged to care, and …

Ch. 09 - The Music Educator As Cultural Worker, David Lines

The Road Goes Ever On: Estelle Jorgensen's Legacy in Music Education

Estelle Jorgensen’s Pictures of Music Education provides an exploration of music education through figural and literal thinking stimulated by a selection of metaphors and models. This chapter takes inspiration from Jorgensen’s approach to music education and explores how the changing idea of culture resonates with thinking about music education. It is suggested that music education and culture can be thought of together through a more politically aware stance or image of thought that music teachers can adopt: the music educator as cultural worker. By adopting this stance, the music educator enacts music and culture together, is critically informed by the …

Ch. 14 - On Jorgensen’S Dialectical Approach To Music Education: Resonances With Yin-Yang, Leonard Tan

The Road Goes Ever On: Estelle Jorgensen's Legacy in Music Education

In this chapter, I examine Jorgensen’s dialectical approach to music education from Chinese philosophical lenses. More specifically, I re-visit her 2001 essay entitled “A Dialectical View of Theory and Practice” and read it afresh through the lenses of yin-yang theory. I conclude by highlighting three philosophical resonances between Jorgensen’s ideas and yin-yang theory: balance, change, and space.

Ch. 12 - In Search Of Liberty: A Poststructuralist Extension Of Jorgensen's Dialectics, Lauren Kapalka Richerme

The Road Goes Ever On: Estelle Jorgensen's Legacy in Music Education

Against a contemporary backdrop of soundbite news stories and intransigent political divisions, music educators still have much to learn from Jorgensen’s lifelong dedication to the deep interrogation of multiple perspectives. Drawing heavily on Jorgensen’s use of dialectics in In Search of Music Education, I examine the liberatory nature of her philosophical writing. By explaining each paired term in marked depth and clarity, including its potential problems and possibilities, Jorgensen frees readers from narrow assumptions and unidirectional logic. Moreover, by refraining from championing one idea within a dialectic over the other, Jorgensen liberates readers by encouraging them to position themselves. While …

Ch. 13 - In Search Of Choral Music Education: Where Is It Now?, Patrick K. Freer

The Road Goes Ever On: Estelle Jorgensen's Legacy in Music Education

This chapter chronicles the influence of Jorgensen’s writing in a graduate choral music education course. Jorgensen’s book chapter, On Spheres of Musical Validity (2005), becomes the focal point for an examination of the legitimacy of five major influences on music education: family, religion, politics, the music profession, and commerce. This investigation leads to consideration of these influences in graduate students’ personal lives, classrooms, rehearsal halls, and the broader profession of choral music education.

Ch. 11 - Becoming A Story: Searching For Music Educations, Patrick Schmidt

The Road Goes Ever On: Estelle Jorgensen's Legacy in Music Education

This short philosophical chapter borrows and diverges from Estelle Jorgensen’s In Search of Music Education. It aims to address the pertinent and defiant questions asked over two decades ago, while re-position them in light of current challenges. Following Jorgensen’s style—carefully and tactically—this chapter draws a line of flight between philosophical and policy-oriented ways of thinking, underlining some ways in which the two meet and how pertinent these encounters can be to music educators today. The chapter makes use and highlights the potential of craftly constructed epistemological familiarity and how it can engender practice. Specifically, it reminds and exemplifies to the …

Ch. 10 - Rethinking The Transgressive: A Call For “Pessimistic Activism” In Music Education, Panagiotis A. Kanellopoulos

The Road Goes Ever On: Estelle Jorgensen's Legacy in Music Education

This essay asks the question: How are we to think of what Estelle Jorgensen has called “the transgressive” in music education today? My entry point to the question is the suggestion that the struggle against modes of music education that eulogize the status quo, against oppression and authoritarianism, against practices that exclude and intimidate students, has to take the form of “a struggle on two fronts” (Badiou). A struggle against imposed canonicities and obsolete approaches to music teaching but also a struggle against the emerging neoliberal appropriations of education, learning, and creativity. The chapter sketches a struggle-on-two-fronts perspective with regard …

Ch. 18 - In Defense Of The Work Of Art: I And Thou In Music Education, Øivind Varkøy

The Road Goes Ever On: Estelle Jorgensen's Legacy in Music Education

A change has been going on in both the philosophy of music education and the general philosophy of music during the last decades: a transition from a focus on music as an object or work to a focus on music as an activity and process. This certainly contrasts with the historical hegemony of the (Western) idea of music as objects. As a philosophical development this is unproblematic. However, a fundamental prerequisite for moving encounters between the human subject and music, in music education as well as in general, is the very idea of music as a work of art. This …