Arts and Humanities Commons^™

Jewish Dermatologists In Nazi Germany., Walter H.C. Burgdorf, Lawrence Charles Parish

Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Faculty Papers

With the development of medical specialties beginning in the 1860’s, physicians could devote their time to the study of specific organ systems or surgical approaches. Although Jews had been given full rights in the new Germany by 1871, prejudice and other restrictions often precluded hospital and university appointments. Major specialities like internal medicine and surgery were almost closed to Jews, as were obstetrics and gynecology. Dermatology with its heavy emphasis on sexually transmitted diseases evolved into a suitable domain for Jewish physicians almost by default. Even those Jews who converted to Christianity were not spared from discrimination. Paul Gerson Unna …

Barriers And Facilitators For Colorectal Cancer Screening Practices In The Latino Community: Perspectives From Community Leaders, Ana Natale-Pereira, Jonnie Marks, Marielos Vega, Dawne Mouzon, Shawna Hudson, Debbie Salas-Lopez

Debbie Salas-Lopez MD, MPH

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second-leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States and the third most commonly diagnosed cancer among Latinos. While Latinos represent one of the fastest-growing ethnic groups in the United States, their participation in cancer prevention and treatment trials is low. METHODS: Thirty-six Latino community leaders participated in five focus groups that examined factors affecting CRC screening practices among Latinos. RESULTS: The top four barriers identified were low knowledge and awareness of CRC, language barriers, lack of insurance, and undocumented legal status. Additional barriers included seeking health care only when sick, fatalism, fear, denial …

Perspectives On Cancer Screening Among Latino Community Members And Internal Medicine Residents, Debbie Salas-Lopez, Dawne Mouzon, Jonnie Marks, Neil Kothari, Ana Natale-Pereira

Debbie Salas-Lopez MD, MPH

BACKGROUND: Latinos have lower rates of cancer screening, partially because of cultural beliefs that conflict with those of health care professionals. Moreover, established programs for training physicians in cultural competency often fail to incorporate input from the community.

METHODS: To explore beliefs about cancer and cancer screening among Latino community members and internal medicine residents. Three focus groups of Latino community members (n = 31) and one focus group of internal medicine residents (n = 9) were conducted to compare ideas regarding cancer and cancer screening.

RESULTS: We identified clear disconnects between residents and Latino community members regarding their understandings …

Cultural Competency In New Jersey: Evolution From Planning To Law, Debbie Salas-Lopez, Linda Holmes, Dawne Mouzon, Maria Soto-Greene

Debbie Salas-Lopez MD, MPH

No abstract provided.

Hsisp Annotated Bibliography: Attitudes Toward Animals (1998-2013), Erich Yahner

Erich Yahner, MSLIS

No abstract provided.

Development Of Antigen-Specific Memory Cd8+ T Cells Following Live-Attenuated Chimeric West Nile Virus Vaccination, Heidi Smith, Thomas Monath, Pamela Pazoles, Alan Rothman, Diane Casey, Masanori Terajima, Francis Ennis, Farshad Guirakhoo, Sharone Green

Alan Rothman

ChimeriVax-WN02 is a novel live-attenuated West Nile virus (WNV) vaccine containing modified WNV premembrane (prM) and envelope (E) sequences inserted into the yellow fever 17D vaccine genome. We investigated the induction and evolution of CD8(+) T cell responses to a WNV envelope epitope, which is a dominant target in naturally infected HLA-A*02-positive individuals. WNV epitope-specific CD8(+) T cells were detected by HLA tetramer staining in 22 of 23 donors tested, with peak frequencies occurring between days 14 and 28. WNV epitope-specific T cells evolved from an effector phenotype to a long-lived memory phenotype. In the majority of donors, CD8(+) T …

Intracellular Cytokine Production By Dengue Virus-Specific T Cells Correlates With Subclinical Secondary Infection, Steven Hatch, Timothy Endy, Stephen Thomas, Anuja Mathew, James Potts, Pamela Pazoles, Daniel Libraty, Robert Gibbons, Alan Rothman

Alan Rothman

The pathophysiology of dengue virus infection remains poorly understood, although secondary infection is strongly associated with more severe disease. In the present study, we performed a nested, case-control study comparing the responses of pre-illness peripheral blood mononuclear cells between children who would subsequently develop either subclinical or symptomatic secondary infection 6-11 months after the baseline blood samples were obtained and frozen. We analyzed intracellular cytokine production by CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells in response to stimulation with dengue antigen. We found higher frequencies of dengue virus-specific TNFalpha, IFNgamma-, and IL-2-producing T cells among schoolchildren who subsequently developed subclinical infection, compared with …

Determinants Of Inapparent And Symptomatic Dengue Infection In A Prospective Study Of Primary School Children In Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand, Timothy Endy, Kathryn Anderson, Ananda Nisalak, In-Kyu Yoon, Sharone Green, Alan Rothman, Stephen Thomas, Richard Jarman, Daniel Libraty, Robert Gibbons

Alan Rothman

BACKGROUND: Dengue viruses are a major cause of morbidity in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Inapparent dengue is an important component of the overall burden of dengue infection. It provides a source of infection for mosquito transmission during the course of an epidemic, yet by definition is undetected by health care providers. Previous studies of inapparent or subclinical infection have reported varying ratios of symptomatic to inapparent dengue infection.

METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In a prospective study of school children in Northern Thailand, we describe the spatial and temporal variation of the symptomatic to inapparent (S:I) dengue illness ratio. Our …

B-Cell Responses During Primary And Secondary Dengue Virus Infections In Humans, Anuja Mathew, Kim West, Siripen Kalayanarooj, Robert Gibbons, Anon Srikiatkhachorn, Sharone Green, Daniel Libraty, Smita Jaiswal, Alan Rothman

Alan Rothman

Low-avidity serotype-cross-reactive antibodies are hypothesized to play a key role in triggering severe disease in patients with secondary dengue virus (DENV) infection. However, there is little systematic information about the frequency, avidity, and cross-reactivity of DENV-specific B cells in individuals experiencing primary instead of secondary infection. We compared DENV-specific B-cell responses in a cohort of Thai children with primary or secondary DENV infection. B cells specific for DENV precursor membrane protein, envelope (E) protein, and nonstructural protein 1 were detectable in immune peripheral blood mononuclear cells with the highest frequencies of DENV E-specific B cells detected in patients experiencing primary …

Francis F. Maury, M.D. (1840 To 1879): An Often Forgotten Pioneer In Early American Surgery., Guillaume S. Chevrollier, B.S., Scott W. Cowan, Md, Charles J. Yeo, Md, John C. Kairys, Md

Department of Surgery Gibbon Society Historical Profiles

Francis F. Maury (Fig. 1) was born on August 9, 1840, in Danville, Kentucky, where he was raised on a farm by his mother and father. His father was an Episcopal clergyman of Huguenot descent, whose forefathers had fled from France to escape religious persecution. After receiving a Bachelor of Arts degree from Center College in the summer of 1860, he entered medical school at the University of Virginia. After one full term, he matriculated to Philadelphia’s Jefferson Medical College and completed his medical education as a private student under the direction of Dr. Samuel D. Gross.1, 2 He obtained …

Ambroise Paré (1510 To 1590): A Surgeon Centuries Ahead Of His Time., James T. Shen, B.S., Michael Weinstein, Md, Alec C. Beekley, Md, Charles J. Yeo, Md, Scott W. Cowan, Md

Department of Surgery Gibbon Society Historical Profiles

In their extensive writings, Hippocrates and Celsus counseled physicians to be knowledgeable in both the medical and surgical management of patient recovery. However, their words fell by the wayside because cutting of the body was forbidden by the Roman Catholic Church. Furthermore, the contemporaneous Arabic medical teachings emphasized tradition and authority over observation and personal experience. This created an ever-growing rift between the schools of surgical and pharmacologic medicine with both groups denying their involvement in the other domain. Surgeons had been plagued by postoperative complications including infection, malnutrition, and muscular wasting for centuries. Surgeons were forced to re-examine how …

Development Of Antigen-Specific Memory Cd8+ T Cells Following Live-Attenuated Chimeric West Nile Virus Vaccination, Heidi Smith, Thomas Monath, Pamela Pazoles, Alan Rothman, Diane Casey, Masanori Terajima, Francis Ennis, Farshad Guirakhoo, Sharone Green

Sharone Green

ChimeriVax-WN02 is a novel live-attenuated West Nile virus (WNV) vaccine containing modified WNV premembrane (prM) and envelope (E) sequences inserted into the yellow fever 17D vaccine genome. We investigated the induction and evolution of CD8(+) T cell responses to a WNV envelope epitope, which is a dominant target in naturally infected HLA-A*02-positive individuals. WNV epitope-specific CD8(+) T cells were detected by HLA tetramer staining in 22 of 23 donors tested, with peak frequencies occurring between days 14 and 28. WNV epitope-specific T cells evolved from an effector phenotype to a long-lived memory phenotype. In the majority of donors, CD8(+) T …

Determinants Of Inapparent And Symptomatic Dengue Infection In A Prospective Study Of Primary School Children In Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand, Timothy P. Endy, Kathryn B. Anderson, Ananda Nisalak, In-Kyu Yoon, Sharone Green, Alan L. Rothman, Stephen J. Thomas, Richard G. Jarman, Daniel H. Libraty, Robert V. Gibbons

Sharone Green

BACKGROUND: Dengue viruses are a major cause of morbidity in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Inapparent dengue is an important component of the overall burden of dengue infection. It provides a source of infection for mosquito transmission during the course of an epidemic, yet by definition is undetected by health care providers. Previous studies of inapparent or subclinical infection have reported varying ratios of symptomatic to inapparent dengue infection. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In a prospective study of school children in Northern Thailand, we describe the spatial and temporal variation of the symptomatic to inapparent (S:I) dengue illness ratio. Our …

B-Cell Responses During Primary And Secondary Dengue Virus Infections In Humans, Anuja Mathew, Kim West, Siripen Kalayanarooj, Robert Gibbons, Anon Srikiatkhachorn, Sharone Green, Daniel Libraty, Smita Jaiswal, Alan Rothman

Sharone Green

Low-avidity serotype-cross-reactive antibodies are hypothesized to play a key role in triggering severe disease in patients with secondary dengue virus (DENV) infection. However, there is little systematic information about the frequency, avidity, and cross-reactivity of DENV-specific B cells in individuals experiencing primary instead of secondary infection. We compared DENV-specific B-cell responses in a cohort of Thai children with primary or secondary DENV infection. B cells specific for DENV precursor membrane protein, envelope (E) protein, and nonstructural protein 1 were detectable in immune peripheral blood mononuclear cells with the highest frequencies of DENV E-specific B cells detected in patients experiencing primary …

Plagiarism Of Ideas. Benjamin Rush And Charles Caldwell--A Student-Mentor Dispute, Charles T. Ambrose

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.