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Articles 91 - 120 of 437
Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities
Effect Of Chronic Treatment With Clozapine And Haloperidol On 5- Ht2a And 2c Receptor Mrna Expression In The Rat Brain, Xu-Feng Huang, Qing Wang, Yean Yeow Tan
Effect Of Chronic Treatment With Clozapine And Haloperidol On 5- Ht2a And 2c Receptor Mrna Expression In The Rat Brain, Xu-Feng Huang, Qing Wang, Yean Yeow Tan
Xu-Feng Huang
No abstract provided.
Chronic Treatment With Simvastatin Upregulates Muscarinic M1/4 Receptor Binding In The Rat Brain, Kelly Newell, P Wong, Xu-Feng Huang, Qing Wang, Wilfred Yeo, P Wang, Weihai Ying, Midori Yenari, Ayse Zengin
Chronic Treatment With Simvastatin Upregulates Muscarinic M1/4 Receptor Binding In The Rat Brain, Kelly Newell, P Wong, Xu-Feng Huang, Qing Wang, Wilfred Yeo, P Wang, Weihai Ying, Midori Yenari, Ayse Zengin
Xu-Feng Huang
Statins are increasingly being used for the treatment of a variety of conditions beyond their original indication for cholesterol lowering. We previously reported that simvastatin affected the dopaminergic system in the rat brain. This study aims to investigate regional changes of muscarinic M1/4 receptors in the rat brain after 4-week administration of simvastatin (1 or 10 mg/kg/day). M1/4 receptor distribution and alterations in the post-mortem rat brain were detected by [3H]pirenzepine binding autoradiography. Simvastatin (1 mg/kg/day) increased [3H]pirenzepine binding, predominantly in the prefrontal cortex (171%, P<0.001), primary motor cortex (153%, P=0.001), cingulate cortex (109%, P<0.001), hippocampus (138%, P …
Relationships Between Clinical Data And Baseline Eating Behaviours In A Sample Of Overweight Volunteers For A Dietary Intervention Trial, Lynette Mackey De Paiva, Lynda Gillen, Linda Tapsell, Marijka Batterham, Xu-Feng Huang, Rachel Cavanagh, Meredith Kennedy
Relationships Between Clinical Data And Baseline Eating Behaviours In A Sample Of Overweight Volunteers For A Dietary Intervention Trial, Lynette Mackey De Paiva, Lynda Gillen, Linda Tapsell, Marijka Batterham, Xu-Feng Huang, Rachel Cavanagh, Meredith Kennedy
Xu-Feng Huang
No abstract provided.
Increased Density Of Gabaa Receptors In The Superior Temporal Gyrus In Schizophrenia, Xu-Feng Huang, Chao Deng
Increased Density Of Gabaa Receptors In The Superior Temporal Gyrus In Schizophrenia, Xu-Feng Huang, Chao Deng
Xu-Feng Huang
No abstract provided.
Muscles Within Muscles: Coordination Of 19 Muscle Segments Within Three Shoulder Muscles During Isometric Motor Tasks, Darryl Mcandrew, Xu-Feng Huang, James Wickham, Mark Brown
Muscles Within Muscles: Coordination Of 19 Muscle Segments Within Three Shoulder Muscles During Isometric Motor Tasks, Darryl Mcandrew, Xu-Feng Huang, James Wickham, Mark Brown
Xu-Feng Huang
No abstract provided.
Dietary And Clinical Risk Profiles Of A Sample Of Healthy Overweight Adults Provide Targets For Dietary Advice In An Intervention Trial, Lynda Gillen, Linda Tapsell, Marijka Batterham, Xu-Feng Huang, Rachel Cavanagh, Meredith Kennedy
Dietary And Clinical Risk Profiles Of A Sample Of Healthy Overweight Adults Provide Targets For Dietary Advice In An Intervention Trial, Lynda Gillen, Linda Tapsell, Marijka Batterham, Xu-Feng Huang, Rachel Cavanagh, Meredith Kennedy
Xu-Feng Huang
No abstract provided.
Short And Long Term Changes In Nmda Receptor Binding In Mouse Brain Following Chronic Phencyclidine Treatment, Kelly Newell, Xu-Feng Huang, Katerina Zavitsanou
Short And Long Term Changes In Nmda Receptor Binding In Mouse Brain Following Chronic Phencyclidine Treatment, Kelly Newell, Xu-Feng Huang, Katerina Zavitsanou
Xu-Feng Huang
No abstract provided.
An Investigation Of The Dimensionality Of The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index In Australian Adults, Christopher Magee, Peter Caputi, Donald Iverson, Xu-Feng Huang
An Investigation Of The Dimensionality Of The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index In Australian Adults, Christopher Magee, Peter Caputi, Donald Iverson, Xu-Feng Huang
Xu-Feng Huang
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is widely used to assess subjective sleep quality in clinical and non-clinical settings. Although the PSQI is routinely scored to provide a single sleep quality factor, two recent studies suggest that multiple factor scoring methods could be more appropriate. As a consequence, the present study investigated for the dimensionality and factor structure of the PSQI in 364 Australian adults aged 18 to 59 years. The results demonstrate that two factor and three factor scoring models were favored statistically over the single factor model. These results add to recent findings and suggest that scoring the …
Aripiprazole Differentially Affects Mesolimbic And Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Transmission: Implications For Long-Term Drug Efficacy And Low Extrapyramidal Side-Effects, Xu-Feng Huang, Chao Deng, Mei Han
Aripiprazole Differentially Affects Mesolimbic And Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Transmission: Implications For Long-Term Drug Efficacy And Low Extrapyramidal Side-Effects, Xu-Feng Huang, Chao Deng, Mei Han
Xu-Feng Huang
Aripiprazole has been used effectively to treat schizophrenia in the clinic ; however, its mechanisms ofaction are not clear. This study examined how short- and long-term aripiprazole treatment affects dopaminergic transmission in mesolimbic and nigrostriatal pathways. For comparison, the effects of haloperidol and olanzapine treatment were also examined. Aripiprazole significantly increased D2 receptor mRNA expression and decreased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA expression in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) after 1- and 12-wk treatment, but had no effect in substantia nigra (SN) and nucleus accumbens (NAc). Aripiprazole also decreased dopamine transporter (DAT) binding density in NAc (for 1- and 12- wk …
Phenotypic Variations Between A Fat-Preferring Strain And A Macronutrient Non-Preferring Strain Of Mouse, Xu-Feng Huang, Timothy South
Phenotypic Variations Between A Fat-Preferring Strain And A Macronutrient Non-Preferring Strain Of Mouse, Xu-Feng Huang, Timothy South
Xu-Feng Huang
No abstract provided.
Effects Of Chronic Treatment Of Olanzapine And Haloperidol On Peptide Yy Binding Densities In The Rat Brain, Xu-Feng Huang, Qing Wang
Effects Of Chronic Treatment Of Olanzapine And Haloperidol On Peptide Yy Binding Densities In The Rat Brain, Xu-Feng Huang, Qing Wang
Xu-Feng Huang
This study examined regional changes of peptide YY (PYY) binding densities in the rat brain after chronic administration of olanzapine (1.2 mg/kg/day and haloperidol (2.0 mg/kg/day)for 36 days. PYY binding densities and distributions were detected by [125I] binding autoradiography after ratswere sacrificed either 2 h or 48 h after the last drug administration to examine both immediate and delayed effects following the drugwithdrawal. Following 2 h of drug administration, it showed that olanzapine administration significantly decreased PYY binding densities, predominantly in the posterodorsal part of medial amygdaloid nucleus (52 percent, pb0.05), dorsal part of medial geniculate nucleus (56 percent, pb0.05), …
Alterations To Melanocortinergic, Gabaergic And Cannabinoid Neurotransmission Associated With Olanzapine-Induced Weight Gain, Katrina Weston-Green, Xu-Feng Huang, Chao Deng
Alterations To Melanocortinergic, Gabaergic And Cannabinoid Neurotransmission Associated With Olanzapine-Induced Weight Gain, Katrina Weston-Green, Xu-Feng Huang, Chao Deng
Xu-Feng Huang
Background/Aim: Second generation antipsychotics (SGAs) are used to treat schizophrenia but can cause serious metabolic side-effects, such as obesity and diabetes. This study examined the effects of low to high doses of olanzapine on appetite/ metabolic regulatory signals in the hypothalamus and brainstem to elucidate the mechanisms underlying olanzapineinduced obesity. Methodology/Results: Levels of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65, enzyme for GABA synthesis) mRNA expression, and cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R) binding density (using [3H]SR- 141716A) were examined in the arcuate nucleus (Arc) and dorsal vagal complex (DVC) of female Sprague Dawley rats following 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 …
Does Hero Always Help? Differences In Nutrient Intake Among Obese Subjects With And Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Prior To Dietary Intervention, Sze Yen Tan, Lynda Gillen, Marijka Batterham, Xu-Feng Huang, Cassandra Quick, Yasmine Probst, Serina Faraji, Linda Tapsell
Does Hero Always Help? Differences In Nutrient Intake Among Obese Subjects With And Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Prior To Dietary Intervention, Sze Yen Tan, Lynda Gillen, Marijka Batterham, Xu-Feng Huang, Cassandra Quick, Yasmine Probst, Serina Faraji, Linda Tapsell
Xu-Feng Huang
Abstract presented at The 2006 Annual Scientific Meeting of the Nutrition Society of Australia, 29 November - 2 December, Sydney, Australia
Perinatal Administration Of Pcp Alters Adult Behaviour In Female Sprague-Dawley Rats, Teresa Du Bois, Xu-Feng Huang, Chao Deng
Perinatal Administration Of Pcp Alters Adult Behaviour In Female Sprague-Dawley Rats, Teresa Du Bois, Xu-Feng Huang, Chao Deng
Xu-Feng Huang
Perinatal phencyclidine (PCP) treatment leads to neuronal damage and causes long-term behavioural alterations in rodents. This study examined the effects of perinatal PCP treatment on behaviour of adult rats in holeboard, elevated plus maze, social interaction and forced swim tests. PCP-treated rats displayed hyperactivity in the holeboard and forced swim tests. These persistent behavioural changes are relevant to the study of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia.
Simvastatin Prevents Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration In Experimental Parkinsonian Models: The Association With Anti-Inflammatory Responses, Junqiang Yan, Yunqi Xu, Cansheng Zhu, Limin Zhang, Aimin Wu, Yu Yang, Zhaojun Xiong, Chao Deng, Xu-Feng Huang, Midori A. Yenari, Yuan-Guo Yang, Weihai Ying, Qing Wang
Simvastatin Prevents Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration In Experimental Parkinsonian Models: The Association With Anti-Inflammatory Responses, Junqiang Yan, Yunqi Xu, Cansheng Zhu, Limin Zhang, Aimin Wu, Yu Yang, Zhaojun Xiong, Chao Deng, Xu-Feng Huang, Midori A. Yenari, Yuan-Guo Yang, Weihai Ying, Qing Wang
Xu-Feng Huang
Background: In addition to their original applications to lowering cholesterol, statins display multiple neuroprotective effects. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors interact closely with the dopaminergic system and are strongly implicated in therapeutic paradigms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study aims to investigate how simvastatin impacts on experimental parkinsonian models via regulating NMDA receptors. Methodology/Principal Findings: Regional changes in NMDA receptors in the rat brain and anxiolytic-like activity were examined after unilateral medial forebrain bundle lesion by 6-hydroxydopamine via a 3-week administration of simvastatin. NMDA receptor alterations in the post-mortem rat brain were detected by [3H]MK-801(Dizocilpine) binding autoradiography. 6-hydroxydopamine treated PC12 was applied …
Decreased Density Of Muscarinic Receptors In The Superior Temporal Gyrus In Schizophrenia, Xu-Feng Huang, Chao Deng
Decreased Density Of Muscarinic Receptors In The Superior Temporal Gyrus In Schizophrenia, Xu-Feng Huang, Chao Deng
Xu-Feng Huang
No abstract provided.
Effects Of Antipsychotic Medication On Muscarinic M1 Receptor Mrna Expression In The Rat Brain, Kelly Newell, Xu-Feng Huang, Katerina Zavitsanou, Chao Deng, Mei Han
Effects Of Antipsychotic Medication On Muscarinic M1 Receptor Mrna Expression In The Rat Brain, Kelly Newell, Xu-Feng Huang, Katerina Zavitsanou, Chao Deng, Mei Han
Xu-Feng Huang
Alterations in muscarinic M1 receptor protein and mRNA expression have been revealed in post-mortem brains of schizophrenia patients. Most patients had been treated with antipsychotics, so medication effects cannot be excluded as a possible explanation for these results. With in situ hybridization, this study investigated M1 receptor mRNA expression in rats treated with the typical antipsychotic haloperidol (0.3 mg/kg/day) and the atypical antipsychotics olanzapine (1.5 mg/kg/day) and aripiprazole (2.25 mg/kg/day) for 1 or 12 weeks. Compared with the control group, haloperidol significantly increased (13-21%, P < 0.05) M1 mRNA expression in the CA1, CA2, and CA3 regions of the hippocampus after both 1 and 12 weeks of treatment, and it also increased (17%, P < 0.01) M1 mRNA expression in the substantia nigra compacta after 1 week of treatment. Olanzapine significantly increased (14-22%, P < 0.05) M1 mRNA expression in the hippocampus (CA1, CA2, and CA3) and substantia nigra compacta after 12 weeks of treatment, but not after 1 week. Aripiprazole significantly increased (17%, P < 0.01) M1 mRNA expression in the hippocampus (CA1) after both 1 and 12 week treatments and increased (12%, P < 0.05) M1 mRNA expression in the nucleus accumbens after 1 week of treatment. Despite their different affinities for muscarinic M1 receptors, all three antipsychotic medications induced a similar trend of change in M1 mRNA expression in selected brain regions. These data suggest that the decreased M1 receptor protein and mRNA expression observed in schizophrenia patients is unlikely to be a consequence of drug treatments and implicates muscarinic M1 receptors in the pharmacotherapy of the disease. ÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂé 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Fatty Acids Differentially Affect 5-Ht2 Receptor And Transporter Binding In The Rat Brain, Xu-Feng Huang, Chao Deng, Warren Bell, Teresa Du Bois
Fatty Acids Differentially Affect 5-Ht2 Receptor And Transporter Binding In The Rat Brain, Xu-Feng Huang, Chao Deng, Warren Bell, Teresa Du Bois
Xu-Feng Huang
No abstract provided.
Examining The Pathways Linking Chronic Sleep Restriction To Obesity, Christopher A. Magee, Xu-Feng Huang, Donald C. Iverson, Peter Caputi
Examining The Pathways Linking Chronic Sleep Restriction To Obesity, Christopher A. Magee, Xu-Feng Huang, Donald C. Iverson, Peter Caputi
Xu-Feng Huang
A growing number of studies have identified chronic sleep restriction as a potential risk factor for obesity. This could have important implications for how obesity is prevented and managed, but current understanding of the processes linking chronic sleep restriction to obesity is incomplete. In this paper, we examined some of the pathways that could underlie the relationship between chronic sleep restriction and obesity. This involved exploring some of the potential environmental, health, behavioral, and sociodemographic determinants of chronic sleep restriction, which require further investigation in this context. Three pathways that could potentially link chronic sleep restriction to obesity were then …
M2/M4 Muscarinic Receptor Binding In The Anterior Cingulate Cortex In Schizophrenia And Mood Disorders, Xu-Feng Huang, Katerina Zavitsanou, Andrew Katsifis, Yinghua Yu
M2/M4 Muscarinic Receptor Binding In The Anterior Cingulate Cortex In Schizophrenia And Mood Disorders, Xu-Feng Huang, Katerina Zavitsanou, Andrew Katsifis, Yinghua Yu
Xu-Feng Huang
No abstract provided.
Opposing Short- And Long-Term Effects On Muscarinic M1/4 Receptor Binding Following Chronic Phencyclidine Treatment, Kelly Newell, Xu-Feng Huang, Katerina Zavitsanou
Opposing Short- And Long-Term Effects On Muscarinic M1/4 Receptor Binding Following Chronic Phencyclidine Treatment, Kelly Newell, Xu-Feng Huang, Katerina Zavitsanou
Xu-Feng Huang
No abstract provided.
Does Hero Always Help? Differences In Nutrient Intake Among Obese Subjects With And Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Prior To Dietary Intervention, Sze Yen Tan, Lynda Gillen, Marijka Batterham, Xu-Feng Huang, Cassandra Quick, Yasmine Probst, Serina Faraji, Linda Tapsell
Does Hero Always Help? Differences In Nutrient Intake Among Obese Subjects With And Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Prior To Dietary Intervention, Sze Yen Tan, Lynda Gillen, Marijka Batterham, Xu-Feng Huang, Cassandra Quick, Yasmine Probst, Serina Faraji, Linda Tapsell
Xu-Feng Huang
No abstract provided.
Developing Foods With Fibre Effects, Eleanor Beck, Linda Tapsell, Marijka Batterham, Xu-Feng Huang
Developing Foods With Fibre Effects, Eleanor Beck, Linda Tapsell, Marijka Batterham, Xu-Feng Huang
Xu-Feng Huang
Aim: The aim of this research was to test the efficacy of manipulating dietary soluble fibre while matching other macronutrients in a weight reduction intervention. The proposed mechanism was an increase in satiety to aid dietary compliance in the intervention groups. Methods: Foods were developed using a range of fibre doses. An acute meal test study measured biochemical markers, subjective measures of satiety and meal intake data. Results from this study informed development of cereal and snack products to be included in the weight loss study. Dietary compliance in the intervention trial was then measured using 3-day food records and …
Relationships Between 24 Hour Recalls And Fasting Measures Of Hunger And Satiety: Subjective And Biochemical Indices, Eleanor Beck, Linda Tapsell, Xu-Feng Huang, Marijka Batterham
Relationships Between 24 Hour Recalls And Fasting Measures Of Hunger And Satiety: Subjective And Biochemical Indices, Eleanor Beck, Linda Tapsell, Xu-Feng Huang, Marijka Batterham
Xu-Feng Huang
No abstract provided.
Temporal And Site-Specific Brain Alterations In Cb1 Receptor Binding In High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity In C57bl/6 Mice, Xu-Feng Huang, Timothy South
Temporal And Site-Specific Brain Alterations In Cb1 Receptor Binding In High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity In C57bl/6 Mice, Xu-Feng Huang, Timothy South
Xu-Feng Huang
The cannabinoid CB1 receptor has been implicated in the regulation of appetite and the consumption of palatable foods. This experiment aimed to explore the involvement of the CB1 receptor in the early and late stages of high fat diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6 mice. The C57Bl/6 mice were placed on a high fat (HF) or low fat/high carbohydrate (LF) diet for 3 or 20 weeks. Quantitative autoradiography revealed that binding of [3H] CP-55,940 (CB1 receptor ligand) was elevated following 3 weeks of HF feeding in areas including the medial/ventral anterior olfactory nucleus (22.1%), agranular insular cortex (24.0%) and the hypothalamus (31.5%) …
G Protein-Coupled Receptor 12 Deficiency Results In Decreased Energy Expenditure, Dyslipidemia And Obesity In Mice, L. Svensson, Xu-Feng Huang, M Jonnson, M Bjursell, M Boholooly, J Tornell, V Surve, A Gerdin
G Protein-Coupled Receptor 12 Deficiency Results In Decreased Energy Expenditure, Dyslipidemia And Obesity In Mice, L. Svensson, Xu-Feng Huang, M Jonnson, M Bjursell, M Boholooly, J Tornell, V Surve, A Gerdin
Xu-Feng Huang
No abstract provided.
Serum Levels Of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Are Low In Chinese Men With Metabolic Syndrome, Whereas Serum Levels Of Saturated Fatty Acids, Zinc And Magnesium Are High, Yinghua Yu, Z. Cai, Jusheng Zheng, J-Z Chen, Xu Zhang, Xu-Feng Huang, Duo Li
Serum Levels Of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Are Low In Chinese Men With Metabolic Syndrome, Whereas Serum Levels Of Saturated Fatty Acids, Zinc And Magnesium Are High, Yinghua Yu, Z. Cai, Jusheng Zheng, J-Z Chen, Xu Zhang, Xu-Feng Huang, Duo Li
Xu-Feng Huang
The purpose of this study was to examine the hypothesis that serum levels of phospholipid (PL) fatty acids (FA) and minerals are associated with the components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the Chinese population and the profiles of changes may differ from patients with MetS from Western countries. The levels of serum PL, FA, and minerals were examined in 201 subjects (52 with MetS and 149 healthy controls without any MetS components) in China. The saturated FA proportion in serum was significantly higher, whereas the proportion of total polyunsaturated FA (PUFA), n-3 and n-6 PUFA (22:6n-3: −16%, P = .006; …
Perinatal Phencyclidine Treatment Alters Neuregulin 1/Erbb4 Expression And Activation In Later Life, Teresa Du Bois, Kelly Newell, Xu-Feng Huang
Perinatal Phencyclidine Treatment Alters Neuregulin 1/Erbb4 Expression And Activation In Later Life, Teresa Du Bois, Kelly Newell, Xu-Feng Huang
Xu-Feng Huang
Schizophrenia is a complex and devastating mental disorder of unknown etiology. Hypofunction of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are implicated in the disorder, since phencyclidine (PCP) and other NMDA receptor antagonists mimic schizophrenia-like symptoms in humans and animals so well. Moreover, genetic linkage and post mortem studies strongly suggest a role for altered neuregulin 1 (Nrg1)/erbB4 signaling in schizophrenia pathology. This study investigated the relationship between the NMDA receptor and Nrg1 signaling pathways using the perinatal PCP animal model. Rats (n = 5/group) were treated with PCP (10 mg/kg) or saline on postnatal days (PN) 7, 9 and 11 and were sacrificed …
Characterisation Of A Functional Ingredient Requires Multiple Assessments, Eleanor Beck, Susan Tosh, Marijka Batterham, Xu-Feng Huang, Linda Tapsell
Characterisation Of A Functional Ingredient Requires Multiple Assessments, Eleanor Beck, Susan Tosh, Marijka Batterham, Xu-Feng Huang, Linda Tapsell
Xu-Feng Huang
The food industry relies on high market share, market exclusivity, or first to market advantage for functional ingredients. Researchers test individual ingredients (added to traditional and non-traditional delivery foods), often at high doses, to confirm health benefits. Unfortunately, testing the activity of an ingredient alone does not necessarily define how it functions in foods, and a single test, such as that of glycaemic index, does not address all food functionalities. In addition, food functionality may be affected by a variety of factors including storage, methods of preparation, endogenous enzymes in other food ingredients and concentration. We found in a recent …
Differential Expression Of Dopamine D2 And D4 Receptor And Tyrosine Hydroxylase Mrna In Mice Prone, Or Resistant, To Chronic High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity, Xu-Feng Huang, Yinghua Yu, Katerina Zavitsanou, Mei Han, Leonard Storlien
Differential Expression Of Dopamine D2 And D4 Receptor And Tyrosine Hydroxylase Mrna In Mice Prone, Or Resistant, To Chronic High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity, Xu-Feng Huang, Yinghua Yu, Katerina Zavitsanou, Mei Han, Leonard Storlien
Xu-Feng Huang
The present study examined brain dopamine D2 and D4 receptor and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA expression in chronic high-fat diet-induced obese (cDIO) and obese-resistant (cDR) mice. Twenty-eight mice were fed a high-fat diet (HF: 40% of calories from fat) for 6 weeks and then classified as cDIO (n = 8) or cDR (n = 8) mice according to the highest and lowest body weight gainers, respectively. Seven mice were fed a low-fat diet (LF: 10% of calories from fat) and used as controls. After 20 weeks of feeding, visceral fat per gram of initial body weight was significantly higher in …