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Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities
The Double-Edged Sword: Examining The Contradictory Nature Of Savak And The U.S.-Iran Cliency Relationship, Braedon Mcghee
The Double-Edged Sword: Examining The Contradictory Nature Of Savak And The U.S.-Iran Cliency Relationship, Braedon Mcghee
History in the Making
The Iranian Revolution of 1979 marked the end of the diplomatic relationship between Iran and the United States. This relationship, cultivated by the United States throughout the Cold War, served the interests of the United States’ hegemonic quest to contain communism while also appealing to the Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi’s political goals. This paper analyzes the complex and contradictory nature of the U.S.-Iran relationship during the reign of the Shah, specifically focusing on the role of the Shah’s brutal secret police force Sâzemân-e Ettelâ’ât va Amniat-e Kešvar (SAVAK), created, directed, and funded by the United States to consolidate …
Coping With Trauma: Evidence That Suggests The Ancient Egyptians Used Transpersonal Psychology To Cope With Birth-Related Trauma, Erika Kelley
History in the Making
Giving birth in the ancient world was very difficult, stressful, and dangerous with many mothers and children sadly not surviving the ordeal. To deal with this often-traumatic event, many ancient Egyptians used rituals, tools, and spells to ensure that their deities would be present during these difficult times and help either physically or mentally. For the ancient Egyptians, interacting with their gods was a way to ensure their survival, but in modernity, relying on religious or spiritual practices during stressful events correlates with psychology. Modern scholars have named this idea transpersonal psychology, and it is a subsection of humanistic psychology …
Obituaries, Subjectivities, And Perceptions Of Ariel Sharon, Sean Switzer
Obituaries, Subjectivities, And Perceptions Of Ariel Sharon, Sean Switzer
History in the Making
No abstract provided.
Iranian Receptivity To Cia Propaganda In 1953, Alex Ponce
Iranian Receptivity To Cia Propaganda In 1953, Alex Ponce
History in the Making
In 1953, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), together with the British Secret Intelligence Service (MI6), organized a coup to overthrow the democratically elected PrimeMinister Mohammad Mossadeq (1882-1967). While much has been written about the coup, little attention has been given to the U.S. propaganda that preceded the operation. From 1950 to 1953, the U.S. launched a series of propaganda campaigns in Iran. Drawing from U.S.-Iranian correspondences, memoirs, journal articles, and secondary sources, this paper seeks to shed light on the U.S. and CIA perceptions of Iranian receptivity to propaganda from 1950 to 1953. What did CIA officials like Kermit Roosevelt …
Iranian Ulama & The Cia: The Key Alliance Behind The 1953 Iranian Coup D’État, Anthony Lucey
Iranian Ulama & The Cia: The Key Alliance Behind The 1953 Iranian Coup D’État, Anthony Lucey
History in the Making
Much of the anger and hatred that is a part of US Iranian relations, which has exploded onto the world stage since the Iranian Revolution of 1979, stems from the 1953 coup d’état which removed Iranian Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadeq from power. A large field of scholarly work has been dedicated to the 1953 coup, specifically surrounding the participation of US and British intelligence. However, one interesting and surprising aspect of the 1953 coup which has not been sufficiently investigated is the role of Iranian religious clerics, known in Iran as the ulama, in assisting the CIA and their Iranian …
Here And There, Now And Then: Portrayals Of The Third Crusade In Film And How Their Inaccuracies Encompass Contemporary Movements, Steven Anthony
Here And There, Now And Then: Portrayals Of The Third Crusade In Film And How Their Inaccuracies Encompass Contemporary Movements, Steven Anthony
History in the Making
This paper examines the relationship between films dealing with historical events and how they encompass events of the time the film was made. This work uses two film representations of the Third Crusade, from 1187 – 1192; the first is Youssef Chahines’ 1963 film Al Nasser Salah Ad-Din and the second is Ridley Scotts’ 2005 film, Kingdom of Heaven. Between the films’ narrations of events and the actual history, parallels are created between past and present, dealing with ideas such as tolerance and peaceful dialogue, as well as movements such as national, ethnic, or religious unity and inclusiveness.
Kurdish Women Guerrilla Fighters, Meagan Muschara
Kurdish Women Guerrilla Fighters, Meagan Muschara
History in the Making
This article focuses on the female fighters of the PKK. The media over the past four years have continued to report about the female inclusion into this male dominated resistance group, the PKK in Turkey. The addition of women to the fight spread to various Kurdish resistance groups throughout the Middle East. The interviews brought about a plethora of questions about egalitarian rights for women entering the PKK. The questions that arose are: How equal are women’s rights? Are there any stipulations? Why are females willing to fight for the cause and what do these women gain by fighting alongside …
Palestinian-Jews And Israel’S Dual Identity Crisis, Rafael Perez
Palestinian-Jews And Israel’S Dual Identity Crisis, Rafael Perez
History in the Making
This paper looks to explore the complex combination of those who are both Arab in culture and Jewish by faith. This complex dual identity is generally known as Mizrahim or Arab Jews. Within the general Arab-Israeli dispute, this identity complicates the conflict by challenging the normative understanding of nationalism. Moreover, this paper examines the history of the Mizrahim through the Palestinian-Jewish experience in pre-establishment Israel and further examines the social changes that affected Mizrahim within the Israeli State after the 1948 War. Various primary source documents, essays, personal accounts, peer-reviewed journals, and surveys are used to understand the identity and …
Film Review: 1948 Creation And Catastrophe, Melissa Sanford
Film Review: 1948 Creation And Catastrophe, Melissa Sanford
History in the Making
No abstract provided.
From Female Moneylenders To Church Shares: The Coptic Village Of Jeme, Marmar Zakher
From Female Moneylenders To Church Shares: The Coptic Village Of Jeme, Marmar Zakher
History in the Making
No abstract provided.
Continuity At Luxor Temple, Matthew Unruh
Israel, Allegra Glaviano
Israel, Allegra Glaviano
History in the Making
Describes the author's travel experiences in Israel.
Unconditional Surrender: The Rise Of President Erdogan And The End Of Kemalist Turkey, Amelia Sullivan
Unconditional Surrender: The Rise Of President Erdogan And The End Of Kemalist Turkey, Amelia Sullivan
History in the Making
In October 1923, Mustafa Kemal, or Ataturk, became leader of Turkey. Over the next decade and a half, Kemal used his considerable political power to reform the nation. He modernized infrastructure, reorganized government, and led an aggressive campaign to westernize and secularize Turkish society. By the time Kemal passed in 1938, Turkey rose from the ashes of the Ottoman Empire and reestablished itself as a democracy. Almost eighty years later, Ataturk’s legacy is in jeopardy. In 2017, the Turkey held a constitutional referendum to radically restructure the nation’s government and place an unprecedented degree of power in the office of …