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Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities

Hans Staden's Warhaftige Historia: How A Tale Of Brazilian Captivity Affirmed Staden's Protestant Identity, Joy Zanghi May 2021

Hans Staden's Warhaftige Historia: How A Tale Of Brazilian Captivity Affirmed Staden's Protestant Identity, Joy Zanghi

The Gettysburg Historical Journal

Hans Staden’s Warhaftige Historia detailed his experience as a captive to the Tupinambá in Brazil in the 1550s. The text serves as a gateway into the minds of Europeans in Brazil during this time period. After spending years working for the Catholic Portuguese in Brazil and nine months as a captive, native Hessians viewed Staden as a “foreigner” upon his return to his homeland. Staden used his text as a way to confirm his identity as a staunch Protestant and a devoted Hessian through a dedication to Prince Philipp and numerous allusions to his faith. In addition to solidifying his …


The Complex Relationship Between Jews And African Americans In The Context Of The Civil Rights Movement, Hannah Labovitz May 2021

The Complex Relationship Between Jews And African Americans In The Context Of The Civil Rights Movement, Hannah Labovitz

The Gettysburg Historical Journal

The Civil Rights Movement occurred throughout a substantial portion of the twentieth century, dedicated to fighting for equal rights for African Americans through various forms of activism. The movement had a profound impact on a number of different communities in the United States and around the world as demonstrated by the continued international attention marked by recent iterations of the Black Lives Matter and ‘Never Again’ movements. One community that had a complex reaction to the movement, played a major role within it, and was impacted by it was the American Jewish community. The African American community and the Jewish …


From Georgian England To The Arctic: Gender And Cultural Transformation In The Samuel Hearne Expeditions (1769-1772), Bridget B. Kennedy May 2021

From Georgian England To The Arctic: Gender And Cultural Transformation In The Samuel Hearne Expeditions (1769-1772), Bridget B. Kennedy

The Gettysburg Historical Journal

From 1769 to 1772, Samuel Hearne embarked on the first European overland expedition to the Arctic under orders from the Hudson’s Bay Company. In search of copper reserves and sites for future company forts, the Hudson’s Bay Company outfitted Hearne with a group of Chipewyan and Cree guides that would take him to the lands past the Arctic Circle where no other European had been. As the only European in his expedition party, Hearne had to quickly adapt to the Athabascan way of life and found his English and imperialist cultural ideas challenged by his native travel companions. Hearne also …


The Extraordinary Chambers In The Courts Of Cambodia: An Extraordinary Success Or An Ordinary Failure?, Vamika Jain May 2021

The Extraordinary Chambers In The Courts Of Cambodia: An Extraordinary Success Or An Ordinary Failure?, Vamika Jain

The Gettysburg Historical Journal

This paper will examine the effectiveness of the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia at providing some measure of transitional justice to the victims of the Khmer Rouge regime. It delves into an expanded role of tribunals that extends beyond the courtroom and seeks to highlight faults and success of the ECCC as lessons for future iterations of international courts and tribunals.


From Uneven Bars To Uneven Barriers: The Marginalization Of Black Women In Gymnastics, Chinaza K. Asiegbu May 2021

From Uneven Bars To Uneven Barriers: The Marginalization Of Black Women In Gymnastics, Chinaza K. Asiegbu

The Gettysburg Historical Journal

Especially in sports that are societally regarded as feminine, such as gymnastics and figure skating, Eurocentric beauty standards are an unspoken feature of the game. Undergirded in ethnic disparities within gymnastics are financial and aesthetic barriers for black women, specifically. This essay will explore the sport of gymnastics as a case study to demonstrate the ways in which black women have historically been excluded from ‘feminine sports.’ I argue that black female gymnasts have been historically marginalized from mainstream gymnastics on the basis of finances and white conceptions of femininity, both two components crucial to success in the gymnastics realm.


Featured Pieces, Michael Birkner, Ian A. Isherwood May 2021

Featured Pieces, Michael Birkner, Ian A. Isherwood

The Gettysburg Historical Journal

This year’s feature pieces were written by Michael J. Birkner and Ian A. Isherwood, both professors in the History Department. Prof. Birkner’s research focuses on nineteenth- and twentieth-century America, especially the life and career of Dwight Eisenhower, as well as on the history of Gettysburg College. Prof. Isherwood specializes in memory studies and the history of World War I, and directs a digital history project on First World War letters.


Letter From The Editors, Lillian Shea, Christopher T. Lough May 2021

Letter From The Editors, Lillian Shea, Christopher T. Lough

The Gettysburg Historical Journal

Even amid the Covid-19 pandemic, The Gettysburg Historical Journal has not forgotten its commitment to publishing the best of undergraduate research. We are heartened to witness students’ continued dedication to excellent work in an array of historical topics. Despite the difficulties we still face—mental and emotional exhaustion, shuttered archives, limited in-person research opportunities—we received a particularly high volume of submissions this year. We are proud to present work from our peers at Gettysburg and around the world in this twentieth edition of our journal. Through the stories we encounter in the past, we gain insight into the human experience in …


Front Matter May 2021

Front Matter

The Gettysburg Historical Journal

Front Matter of the Gettysburg Historical Journal 2021


Heaven Hung In Black: Grant’S Reputation And The Mistakes At Cold Harbor, Samantha J. Kramer Jan 2021

Heaven Hung In Black: Grant’S Reputation And The Mistakes At Cold Harbor, Samantha J. Kramer

The Gettysburg College Journal of the Civil War Era

This article examines Ulysses S. Grant’s command of the Union army after receiving his commission as Lieutenant-General through analyzing his decisions both before and during the bloody battle of Cold Harbor. By examining the various factors leading to his tactical decisions, including the ever-looming threat of the upcoming presidential election, the article questions whether or not his reputation as a butcher of his own men is truly deserved. That he made mistakes is undeniable, but the mess of Cold Harbor was not solely his fault. Through the use of a variety of biographies and personal journals and memoirs, the article …


Gettysburg College Journal Of The Civil War Era 2021 Jan 2021

Gettysburg College Journal Of The Civil War Era 2021

The Gettysburg College Journal of the Civil War Era

No abstract provided.


Letter From The Editors, Christopher T. Lough, Brandon Neely, Cameron T. Sauers Jan 2021

Letter From The Editors, Christopher T. Lough, Brandon Neely, Cameron T. Sauers

The Gettysburg College Journal of the Civil War Era

No abstract provided.


"Good Neighbourhood": Canada And The United States' Contentious Relationship During The Civil War, Michael R. D. Connolly Jan 2021

"Good Neighbourhood": Canada And The United States' Contentious Relationship During The Civil War, Michael R. D. Connolly

The Gettysburg College Journal of the Civil War Era

For the majority of the Civil War, Canadians were divided in their loyalties to the Union and to the South. However, in 1864, after years of sending agents and conspirators into Canada, the South became bolder in their affairs north of the border. These efforts culminated into two attacks, planned and executed from Canada by the South: The seizing of the Philo Parsons on Lake Erie on September 19, 1864; and the raid on St. Albans, Vermont, a month later, on October 19, 1864. These two attacks forced Canada and Great Britain to reassess their neutrality and, under pressure from …


Front Matter Jan 2021

Front Matter

The Gettysburg College Journal of the Civil War Era

No abstract provided.


Analyzing The Interpretation Of The Civil War In Bluegrass Music, Carter W. Claiborne Jan 2021

Analyzing The Interpretation Of The Civil War In Bluegrass Music, Carter W. Claiborne

The Gettysburg College Journal of the Civil War Era

While the Civil War has long fit well thematically within the existing bluegrass idiom, the way that bluegrass has approached the war over time has changed greatly. Despite bluegrass largely originating from areas with little enthusiasm for the Confederacy during the Civil War, and the genre not emphasizing partisan aspects of the war for several decades, several cultural changes culminated in the late 1960s to turn the genre on a heavily pro-Confederate tilt, with numerous songs in the early- to-mid 1970s glorifying the Confederate States of America and its leaders, while also emphasizing Lost Cause arguments. To see how this …


Pittsburgh's Explosive Mystery: A New Holistic Study Of The Allegheny Arsenal Tragedy, Ethan J. Wagner Jan 2021

Pittsburgh's Explosive Mystery: A New Holistic Study Of The Allegheny Arsenal Tragedy, Ethan J. Wagner

The Gettysburg College Journal of the Civil War Era

This research critically examines the issues surrounding the worst civilian disaster of the American Civil War, occurring on September 17, 1862 in the Lawrenceville neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Here, seventy-eight teenage girls perished as the Allegheny Arsenal munitions laboratory exploded. Investigations in the disaster’s aftermath, and more recent analysis, have remained largely hesitant in placing chief blame as to its cause. Furthermore, for an event that would seem so significant, its story has inadequately been told. Given that the national spotlight was elsewhere at the time, as the Battle of Antietam was fought on the same day, existing literature has …