Arts and Humanities Commons^™

Interview With Orville And Marilyn Winters, Cherice Bock, Ralph Beebe

War & Conscientious Objection in Northwest Yearly Meeting of Friends, 1940-1975

Orville Winters discusses how he registered for the draft as a noncombatant. His wife Marilyn discusses how her brother Arnold Lee was a conscientious objector.

Interview With Gordon Crisman, Cherice Bock, Ralph Beebe

War & Conscientious Objection in Northwest Yearly Meeting of Friends, 1940-1975

Gordon Crisman talks about he originally registered for the draft as a 1-A before he became a Christian, but after he attended George Fox he made to decision to do alternative service instead.

Interview With Divonna Crecelius, Cherice Bock, Ralph Beebe

War & Conscientious Objection in Northwest Yearly Meeting of Friends, 1940-1975

Divonna Crecelius discusses her husband, Ron, and his experience serving in World War II before he became a Christian. She talks about how he was called to serve during the Korean War as an assistant chaplain.

Interview With Gerald Lemmons, Cherice Bock, Ralph Beebe

War & Conscientious Objection in Northwest Yearly Meeting of Friends, 1940-1975

Gerald Lemmons reflects on how he registered during the Korean War as a regular combatant and not a conscientious objector.

Interview With Verne Martin, Cherice Bock, Ralph Beebe

War & Conscientious Objection in Northwest Yearly Meeting of Friends, 1940-1975

Verne Martin talks about conscientious objectors versus non-combatants as he walks through what the drafting process was like for him. He also discusses why he calls himself "the most non-pacifistic Quaker that ever lived."

Interview With Marion Wilhite, Cherice Bock, Ralph Beebe

War & Conscientious Objection in Northwest Yearly Meeting of Friends, 1940-1975

Marion Wilhite talks about his service in the Navy, and how even though he grew up in the Quaker church his mindset was different due to the fact that he had brothers serving in the military.

Virtuous Friends: Morality And Quaker Identity, Jackie Leach Scully

Quaker Studies

Recent work in moral philosophy and psychology has made deep connections between questions of morality and identity, suggesting that orientation to a moral framework, through community practices and discourses, contributes to the individual sense of self. I argue that contemporary Liberal Quakers in Britain thus use their moral judgments among other things to reinforce their social identity as Quakers, emphasising a shared approach to ethical framework and sources of authority over the substantive content of the judgments. The favoured ethical framework of Liberal British Quakers appears to be a form of virtue ethics, and I explore the possibility that links …

Modern Testimonies: The Approach Of Quakers To Substance Use And Gambling, Helena Chambers

Quaker Studies

This article outlines a study into Quaker attitudes and behaviours in relation to the testimony of abstinence and moderation and that regarding gambling and speculation. The background to the Quaker testimonies is summarised, and relevant research in the substances/ gambling fields about denominational influences on personal behaviours is briefly outlined. The questions raised by recent Quaker scholarship represented are considered, and the study results are outlined in relation to the theory of Quaker double-culture (Dandelion 1996; Dandelion and Collins 2008) and the suggestions of Scully regarding virtue ethics among Quakers (2002, 2008). It is suggested that whereas the liberal belief …

The Aesthetics Of Friends' Meeting Houses, Roger Homan

Quaker Studies

In an attempt to identify a Quaker aesthetic as it applies to English meeting houses, this article draws upon the physical evidence of English Meetings past and present, upon the records of discussions preceding the design and construction of meeting houses, upon interviews with Friends at some thirty meeting houses and upon the observational and interpretative literature. The main part of the discussion is structured around the moral principles of plainness, worthiness and simplicity. A distinction is made between the effect of plainness, which has in the past been regulated, and simplicity, which is here explored as a moral attribute …

Adolescent Quakers: A Hidden Sect?, Simon Best

Quaker Studies

This paper uses British Quakers as a case study to illustrate how very different perspectives on group identity pertain between the adult group and Quaker youth. While the older Quakers see the young Quakers as a part of 'their' group, the adolescents do not feel the same level of affinity with older Quakers. This paper examines the sectarian nature of both groups and argues that while both groups have sect-like characteristics the sectarian nature of the two groups is differently configured. It argues that the adult group fa ils to acknowledge the adolescent group as a separate sect within the …

Redefining Quaker Simplicity: The Friends Committee On National Legislation Building, 2005, Margery Post Abbott, Carl Abbott

Quaker Studies

In 2005, the Friends Committee on National Legislation, the major Quaker peace and justice lobbying organization in the United States, completed a substantial remodeling and expansion of its office building on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. The building exemplifies a self-conscious effort to express Quaker values of simplicity and stewardship in architectural choices. Examining the changing meanings of simplicity as expressed in Quaker meeting houses, this article argues that contemporary Friends in the United States have given nontraditional meanings to the concept and now associate simplicity with environmental stewardship in personal and community life. For example, the use of natural …

Educating He Women Of The Nation: Priscilla Wakefield And The Construction Of National Identity, 1798, Camilla Leach, Joyce Goodman

Quaker Studies

This article examines the views of the Quaker educationist, Priscilla Wakefield, on the role of women in the construction of British national identity at the end of the eighteenth century. Priscilla Wakefield wrote children's texts in late-eighteenth and early-nineteenth century England, was interested in the question of women and science and published on the education of women. This article analyses the way in which in Reflections on the Present Condition of the Female Sex, with Suggestions for its Improvement (1798) , she based her arguments for a 'useful' education for women on her views of what constituted the virtues and …

The Study Of Eighteenth-Century English Quakerism: From Rufus Jones To Larry Ingle, David J. Hall

Quaker Studies

This brief study of writing on eighteenth-century English Quaker history begins with an assessment of Rufus Jones's contribution in his The Later Periods of Quakerism (1921). It goes on to supplement the views of the century expressed by Larry Ingle in 'The Future of Quaker History' (1997) by surveying concisely a major proportion of the relevant published work between 1921 and 1997. It refers also to Ingle's identification of gaps and weaknesses in the published literature on the subject.

Walter And Emma Malone: Friends Of Sinners And The Poor, John Oliver

Quaker Studies

The Malones, leaders of Holiness Quakerism, were presented in The Transformation of American Quakerism: Orthodox Friends 1800-1907, an otherwise excellent early work by historian Thomas Hamm, as leaders of a movement whose ' dominant note ...was opposition to any type of reform activity'. If too strong, it is fair to suggest that numbers of Holiness Friends, including the Malones, were relatively indifferent to political, economic and social reform. But seeing them in this light, or as mere obstructionists to 'modern thought', does not quite capture who they were or what they were about. This article contends the Mal ones had …

Daniel Eccleston Of Lancaster 1745-1821: A Man Not Afraid To Stand On The Shoulders Of Giants, Carolyn Downs

Quaker Studies

It is unusual for an historian to be able to establish in great detail the life of any but those considered one of 'the great and the good'. The substantial amount of documentary sources, both by, and about, the Quaker radical Daniel Eccleston of Lancaster (1745-1821), provide an opportunity to view a turbulent period in British history through the experiences of one individual. The links between industrial and scientific advance, Nonconformity in religion and calls for political reform were growing increasingly common as the eighteenth century progressed. This paper attempts to show the centrality of Eccleston's Quaker upbringing to his …

Reluctant Absolutist: Malcolm Sparkes' Conscientious Objections To World War I, Bert Den Boggende

Quaker Studies

The existing secondary literature has treated the appearance of World War I conscientious objectors (COs) before the tribunals as rather straightforward and uncomplicated. As the case of Malcolm Sparkes indicates, the process was much less straightforward and much more complex. The arduous process also shows that the power of the local tribunals was enlarged and that of the Pelham Committee reduced, due to the wrong decision - as the government acknowledged - by the local tribunal at Slough. The decision resulted in Sparkes becoming a reluctant or alternativist absolutist, a nomenclature hitherto ignored in the literature. Sparkes' case also suggests …

Roots And Fruits: Materials Relating To The Quaker Peace Testimony In The Commonweal Collection, Christina Arber

Quaker Studies

This article includes a select review of books, pamphlets, journals and archives in the Commonweal Collection relating to the Quaker Peace Testimony. It provides an introduction to and background information about the Collection, an independent library which focuses on non-violence and movements for social change. The materials reviewed relate to the Peace Testimony's beginnings, development and interpretation; to Conscientious Objection in two world wars including the Friends Ambulance Unit; and to the witness of individual Friends. Many books and pamphlets reviewed illustrate the transition to a broader understanding of the peace testimony encompassing nonviolent action, mediation, and postwar peace campaigns.

York Friends 1939-1945, David Rubinstein

Quaker Studies

This article deals with the experiences of York Quakers during the Second World War (1939-1945). It points out that in York as elsewhere Quakers had to make difficult choices during these years and tries to explain the reasons for these choices, particularly whether to support the war and, in many cases, whether to serve in the armed forces. The choices made by individuals and the consequences are elaborated. The article sets developments in York against the national background and points out that the national Quaker yearly meeting was held in York in 1941 and 1942.

The Local Philanthropy Of The Reckitt Family, With Particular Reference To Hull Garden Village, Jane Pietrusiak

Quaker Studies

Sir James Reckitt, a Quaker, Chairman of Reckitt & Sons, Limited, a manufacturer of laundry and household products based in Kingston upon Hull, was well known as a local philanthropist. Philanthropy, perhaps combined with fear of social unrest, but with a firm foundation of his own experience in public life, provided the impetus for Sir James Reckitt to build Hull Garden Village, commencing in 1907. A range of house sizes was rented to the workforce and others, within walUng distance of Reckitt's factories. Local architects Runton & Barry supervised all aspects of the building and village lay out. Community feeling …

Public Justice And Personal Liberty: Variety And Linguistic Skill In The Letters Of Mary Fisher, Althea Stewart

Quaker Studies

This essay concerns the use of language in letters by Mary Fisher, the seventeenth-century Quaker missionary. It shows how she adapts her exegetical discourse to suit her readers, and uses it for more than selfjustification. Her first letter, written from York prison is shown to be influenced by the work of Elizabeth Hooton. It is also used as an example of a letter containing a complex and subtle biblical subtext. This technique gave these early Quaker women the confidence to write. Both Fisher and Hooton started writing to draw attention to injustice. Hooton continued to do this throughout her life; …

Aspects Of Publishing By The Peace Committee Of The Religious Society Of Friends (London Yearly Meeting), 1888 - 1905, Margaret Mckechnie Glover

Quaker Studies

Although Quakers were active in the British peace movement from the early nineteenth century, it was not until 1888 that the Religious Society of Friends, in Britain, had its own corporate Peace Committee. It was the increasing quantity of printed resource material - petitions, pamphlets, and posters - published by this committee which informed and propagated the peace approach of Friends, locally, nationally and internationally. The Peace Committee used Quaker printing firms and, being part of the Society of Friends, remained financially viable, although under constraints. The years 1888-1905 saw a growth in co-operation between peace organisations, and Peace Committee …

'You Have Lost Your Opportunity' British Quakers And The Militant Phase Of The Women's Suffrage Campaign: 1906-1914, Pam Lunn

Quaker Studies

Quakers are widely believed to have been in the forefront of 19th century social change, and in particular to have been in favour of women's equality. Through consideration of individual and corporate public statements by British Friends during the period of militant campaigning for women to have the parliamentary vote, I show that this perception is inaccurate, largely mythic, and based on generalisation from the actions of a small number of individual Friends. I suggest that Friends' reputation for having been corporately progressive on the question of women's equality is undeserved, based on superficial consideration of the use of the …

An Evaluation Of The Doctrine Of The Inward Light As A Basis For Mission - As Exemplified By Quaker Approaches To Jews And Muslims In The Seventeenth Century, Kathleen Thomas

Quaker Studies

The concept of the Inward Light, variously understood, was the basis for Quaker missionary activity m the seventeenth century. Quakers made attempts to convert Jews and Muslims, both by going out to meet them and by writing tracts and epistles. Considerable use was made of the Hebrew Scriptures and of the Qur'an. The conversionist approach proved unsuccessful, and this led to a change in the Quaker understanding of mission.

Seventeenth Century Published Quaker Verse, Rosemary Moore

Quaker Studies

Early Quakers disapproved of most aspects of popular culture, and before 1661 they published very little verse. During the 1660s some thirty Quaker authors published verse, addressed both to Quakers and to the public. The impetus behind this surge of verse publication was probably the appearance during 1660 and 1661 of a number of papers by John Perrot, a Quaker preacher who had been arrested in Italy and imprisoned by the Inquisition . His writings, which were brought to England, included a considerable amount of poetry. Perrot was released in 1661 and returned to England, feted by many Quakers as …

The Art Of Joseph Edward Southall, Roger Homan

Quaker Studies

Joseph Southall (1861-1944) was an artist distinguished in his field, a political activist of considerable stamina and a Quaker greatly loved and honoured by some Friends, albeit not by all. His political involvement as chairman of the Independent Labour Party in Birmingham from 1914 to 1931 afforded an opportunity for witness that was in harmony with his religious affiliation. But his profession as an artist was pursued against a climate of ambivalence toward the arts within the Quaker community, which was diminishing in the early twentieth century but had not altogether disappeared. This paper illustrates the traditional disapprobation of the …

'The Inferior Parts Of The Body': The Development And Role Of Women's Meetings In The Early Quaker Movement, Gareth Shaw

Quaker Studies

This article is a study of the development and role of early Quaker women's Meetings during the second half of the seventeenth century. It is based upon the contemporary records of the Owstwick women's Monthly Meeting, held in the East Riding of Yorkshire. Rather than focussing upon the individual travelling Quaker female ministers or their writings, as the historiography has tended to, it examines the everyday organisation and responsibilities that were held by early Quaker women. It argues that although the women's Meetings were regarded as inferior to those of the men, they evolved alongside each other and operated in …

An Introduction To Quakers, Elton Trueblood

Historical Quaker Books

21 pages, 15 cm. Year not specified. Published before 1967.

Trueblood lived from 1900-1994.

Friends And The Race Problem: An Outline For Study, North Carolina Yearly Meeting

Historical Quaker Books

10 pages, 23 cm.

Margaret Fell: The Mother Of The Early Quaker Church, James Herbert Midgley

Historical Quaker Books

Published for the Friends' Tract Association, Series: Friends ancient and modern ; no. 11

Light Rising Out Of Obscurity : Or, A Reply To Francis Herr's Pamphlet Intitled, A Short Explication Of The Written Word Of God; Likewise, Of The Christian Baptism, And The Peaceable Kingdom Of Christ, Against The People Called Quakers, Benjamin Mason

Historical Quaker Books

46 p., 19 cm.

English