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Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities
Conscription And Conscientious Objection In The Experience Of Norwegian Friends, Hans Eirik Aarek
Conscription And Conscientious Objection In The Experience Of Norwegian Friends, Hans Eirik Aarek
Quaker Studies
This article is a revised and elaborated version of The George Richardson Lecture of 1998. It gives an account of the young men who were members of or affiliated with the Norwegian Religious Society of Friends who refused to serve in the military in the nineteenth century. The article starts with the dramatic story ofS0ren Olsen who refused to do naval service in 1848 and was sentenced to suffer 27 lashes a day for three days with the ninetailed cat. His case went to the Supreme Court and even to the King before it was finally settled. He kept a …
Reluctant Absolutist: Malcolm Sparkes' Conscientious Objections To World War I, Bert Den Boggende
Reluctant Absolutist: Malcolm Sparkes' Conscientious Objections To World War I, Bert Den Boggende
Quaker Studies
The existing secondary literature has treated the appearance of World War I conscientious objectors (COs) before the tribunals as rather straightforward and uncomplicated. As the case of Malcolm Sparkes indicates, the process was much less straightforward and much more complex. The arduous process also shows that the power of the local tribunals was enlarged and that of the Pelham Committee reduced, due to the wrong decision - as the government acknowledged - by the local tribunal at Slough. The decision resulted in Sparkes becoming a reluctant or alternativist absolutist, a nomenclature hitherto ignored in the literature. Sparkes' case also suggests …
York Friends 1939-1945, David Rubinstein
York Friends 1939-1945, David Rubinstein
Quaker Studies
This article deals with the experiences of York Quakers during the Second World War (1939-1945). It points out that in York as elsewhere Quakers had to make difficult choices during these years and tries to explain the reasons for these choices, particularly whether to support the war and, in many cases, whether to serve in the armed forces. The choices made by individuals and the consequences are elaborated. The article sets developments in York against the national background and points out that the national Quaker yearly meeting was held in York in 1941 and 1942.