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Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities
Needs Analysis In Developing “English For Tour Guides” Materials For High School Students In Kepulauan Seribu, Indonesia, Lavinia D.W Araminta, Sisilia S. Halimi
Needs Analysis In Developing “English For Tour Guides” Materials For High School Students In Kepulauan Seribu, Indonesia, Lavinia D.W Araminta, Sisilia S. Halimi
Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya
Kepulauan Seribu is one of the fastest growing tourism regions in Indonesia, but its growth can be hindered by the lack of English skills of local tour guides. In response to this, a workshop entitled “English for Tour Guides” was conducted for high school students on Pramuka Island, and in-house materials were developed. To determine how the materials were to be designed, a needs analysis using a three-question open-ended questionnaire was carried out in order to identify the students’ views on local tourism, motivation to join the workshop, and aspirations after graduation. The results show that the students considered developing …
Cellulose Nitrate Plastic (Celluloid) In Archaeological Assemblages: Identification And Care, Megan E. Springate
Cellulose Nitrate Plastic (Celluloid) In Archaeological Assemblages: Identification And Care, Megan E. Springate
Megan E. Springate
Invented in the mid-19th century, cellulose nitrate (celluloid) is commonly regarded as the earliest synthetic polymer or plastic. As increasing numbers of historical sites dating from the mid-1800s are excavated, cellulose nitrate objects are more frequently found in archaeological assemblages. The inherent instability of cellulose nitrate makes proper handling, storage, and display conditions vital to the longevity of recovered objects. In this paper, the composition, manufacture, and means of identifying cellulose nitrate are summarized. The processes of degradation and means of slowing those processes through preventive conservation are also elaborated.