Arts and Humanities Commons^™

Vol. 13, No. 4 (1993), Lawrence Wells, William Boozer, Nancy Hall, Connie Erickson

Faulkner Newsletter and Yoknapatawpha Review

No abstract provided.

Vol. 13, No. 3 (1993), Jane Hill, Peter Stoicheff, Bruce A. Jacobs, Theresa Towner, M. Thomas Inge

Faulkner Newsletter and Yoknapatawpha Review

No abstract provided.

Preliminary Cultural Resources Investigations For The Pharr-Reynosa International Bridge, Hidalgo County, Texas, Karl W. Kibler, Martha Doty Freeman, Amy C. Earls

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Archeological, archival, and geomorphologic investigations were conducted for the proposed Pharr-Reynosa International Bridge Project in Hidalgo County, Texas, by Prewitt and Associates, Inc. from October 12-27, 1992. The purposes of these investigations were to locate and record any cultural resources within the project area, determine their eligibility for listing on the National Register of Historic Places and designation as State Archeological Landmarks, and to provide an overview of the Holocene geomorphic history of the project area.

The geomorphic history of the project area suggests that the Rio Grande has experienced continuous channel aggradation from the end of the Pleistocene to …

From Exile To Affirmation: The Poetry Of Joseph Brodsky, David Patterson

Studies in 20th & 21st Century Literature

This article examines the relation between the exile of the poet from his homeland and the "exile of the word." The notion of the exile of the word pertains to the poet's problem of re-introducing meaning to the word—an excess of meaning that conveys more than the word can normally convey—through his poetry. Showing how the poet in exile becomes a poet of exile, the article examines what poetry has to do with a larger difficulty of exile and homelessness in human life. Brodsky's poetry, the article argues, addresses this very difficulty. The article concludes that the human capacity to …

Archeological Survey And Monitoring Of Jtf-6 Road Improvements, Sierra Blanca, Hudspeth County, Texas, Sheridan K. Edwards, Duane E. Peter

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This report presents the results of cultural resource survey and monitoring activities performed in conjunction with a Department of Defense Joint Task Force Six (JTF-6) project near Sierra Blanca in Hudspeth County, Texas. These cultural resource investigations were initiated by a request from the U.S. Border Patrol of Sierra Blanca, Texas for planned improvements to 50.3 km (31.25 miles) of existing roads. The goal was to improve the U.S. Border Patrol's effectiveness in monitoring and controlling the ongoing drug trafficking activities along the U.S.-Mexico International Border. The road repair and historic preservation efforts were coordinated by JTF-6, based at Fort …

Vol. 13, No. 2 (1993), Gene Roper Jr.

Faulkner Newsletter and Yoknapatawpha Review

No abstract provided.

Preface, James Jennings

Trotter Review

It gives me great pleasure to be part of the publication of this special issue on blacks in the U.S. military. Blacks in America have sacrificed their lives in all of the wars involving the U.S. at the same time that they have struggled for social and racial justice at home. Unfortunately, pervasive myths about the military sacrifices and valor of blacks in this country continue to be held by many Americans. It is also sad that too many blacks find that the military may be the only channel available to them for the realization of social and economic mobility. …

Introduction, William King

Trotter Review

Bloods. Brothers. The Griot. Vietnam Blues. Black Bitches Dancing With Charlie. These titles, and numerous articles, essays, poems, government reports, films, and related items, describe and detail various aspects of the black experience of the American war in Vietnam, the situation on the homefront during that conflict, and some of the things that happened to black veterans upon their return to the "world" in the postwar years. That only selected aspects of that experience are covered arises from the fact that blacks were not nearly as prolific inrecapitulating their tours of duty, forcing us to get at that information …

Acknowledgements, Kevin Bowen, David Hunt

Trotter Review

All of us at the William Joiner Center for the Study of War and Social Consequences are extremely grateful to our friends at the Trotter Institute for the opportunity to collaborate on this issue of the Trotter Review. It seems especially appropriate that this issue is being published at the time of the tenth anniversary of the founding of the center, named after William Joiner, Jr., an African-American veteran of the Vietnam War and the university's first director of Veterans' Affairs who died of cancer in 1981.

A Salute To African Americans Who Served In The United States Armed Forces, Harold Horton

Trotter Review

African Americans have volunteered to participate in every war or conflict in which the United States has been engaged. This is true despite their ancestors having been slaves for 244 years of America's history.

From the Revolutionary War to the Vietnam War, African Americans have demanded the right to serve their country in the armed services and, in several instances, they have made the difference between victory or defeat for American troops. Throughout this history, African Americans were ever cognizant of the dual freedoms—their own personal freedom as well as the nation's—for which they so bravely fought and gave their …

Tough Eloquence, Yusef Komunyakaa

Trotter Review

I began reading Etheridge Knight's poetry in the early 1970s, and what immediately caught my attention was his ability to balance an eloquence and toughness, exhibiting a complex man behind the words. His technique and content were one—the profane alongside the sacred—accomplished without disturbing the poem's tonal congruity and imagistic exactitude. Here was a streetwise poet who loved and revered language. Gwendolyn Brooks, Sterling Brown, and Langston Hughes seem to have been his mentors, but Knight appeared to have sprung into the literary world almost fully formed. He had so much control and authority; he was authentic from the onset. …

African Americans And The Persian Gulf Crisis, Jacquelin Howard-Matthews

Trotter Review

This article addresses two issues: the African-American response to United States involvement in the 1990-91 Persian Gulf war and interrelated factors explaining the nature of that response. Despite the historical symbolism associated with African-American participation and disproportionate representation in the military, African Americans composed the most consistently identifiable strata either opposed to or suspicious of the deployment of U.S. troops and military equipment in the Gulf. The pattern of African-American response to the Gulf War is remarkably similar to its underlying reactions to military conflicts taking place in the recent past, including the Vietnam War and Laos invasion of the …

"Low-Intensity Warfare" In The Inner City: Veterans' Self-Control Strategies May Ameliorate Community Violence Among Youth, Erwin Randolph Parson

Trotter Review

The use of weapons in various inner-city communities in America is comparable to Nicaraguan "low-intensity warfare" whose objective was the mass terrorization of civilians by the Contras. Low-intensity warfare theory is defined as "total war at the grassroots level" (Summerfield and Tosser 1991, 85). Violence in the inner cities has been defined in similar ways by many authorities and observers. Although urban violence may not damage the infrastructure of communities to the same extent that lowintensity warfare does, its immediate and long-term impact is nonetheless devastating to human life and to a sense of security. In essence, it is a …

Fragments From A Work In Progress, Elizabeth Allen

Trotter Review

A long time ago in a place far away, a place called Vietnam, I had to come to grips with the monkey. The monkey was not war. As a colored woman born in the forties, the monkey was life. Vietnam just forced me to look at it. Maybe it allowed me the opportunity. Who knows. Looking back at it has been almost impossible. You see, growing up my grandmother would always say when I wanted to explain something, "Baby-darling, will talking about something that has already happened change it?" Of course it wouldn't change anything. Any fool knows that. "Well," …

Black Veterans: Organizing And Strategizing For Community Development, Ron E. Armstead

Trotter Review

The following article summarizes the findings and conclusions of a case study that was undertaken as part of the author's master's thesis at MIT. Ford Foundation Professor Frank Jones served as advisor. The study is part of an overall strategy to develop a National Black Veterans Network in conjunction with the Veterans Benefits Clearinghouse, Inc., and the Congressional Black Caucus Veterans Braintrust. It is hoped that the study will provide a planning, research, and educational tool to enhance organizing and affordable housing development efforts on behalf of black veterans across the country. Future research is being proposed on a national …

Data Recovery At Justiceburg Reservior (Lake Alan Henry), Garza And Kent Counties, Texas: Phase Iii, Season 2, Douglas K. Boyd, Jay Peck, Steve A. Tomka, Karl W. Kibler

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The second of three seasons of Phase III data recovery at Justiceburg Reservoir (Lake Alan Henry), located on the Double Mountain Fork of the Brazos River in Garza and Kent counties, Texas, was conducted during the summer of 1991. 11le work included survey of dam borrow areas and site recording in and near these construction zones, limited work at selected rock art sites, geological investigation of an upland playa, and intensive investigations at two primarily Protohistoric period archeological sites. Pedestrian survey of active borrow areas resulted in the discovery and emergency recording and evaluation of site 41GR606 at the mouth …

Archaeology, The Caddo Indian Tribe, And The Native American Graves Protection And Repatriation Act, Mary C. Carter

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Caddo leadership has a long history of working cooperatively with foreign governments. In the seventeenth century, they cooperated with Spanish officials and missionaries who wanted to establish themselves among the southern branch of Caddo tribes--the Hasinai in Northeast Texas. In the eighteenth century, they cooperated with the French who wanted to establish trading posts on the Red River among the Natchitoches and Kadohadacho. In the nineteenth century they cooperated with Americans to establish peaceful relationships with unfriendly tribe. For Caddos, the result of these cooperative efforts was disillusion, decimation, displacement, and finally dispossession. Now, with new hope in the twentieth …

Dental Paleopathologies In The Sanders Site (41lr2) Population From Lamar County, Texas, Diane E. Wilson

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Dental health, like skeletal health, reflects the natural and social environment, as well as genetics. This paper focuses on the results of stress on the teeth once they have erupted; stresses include chemical, mechanical, and pathogenic forces. These forces are primarily the result of dietary factors. The specific aspects of dental health examined in this paper are cariogenesis, dental attrition, antemortem tooth loss, and abscessing. These dental paleopathologies primarily reflect diet and food processing strategies.

Throughout the Americas, dental disorders have increased with the adoption of maize agriculture. Reliance on maize provides a sticky, carbohydraterich dietary staple that is favorable …

A Summary Of The History Of The Caddo People, Frank F. Schambach

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

I am pleased and very honored that you have invited me here today to tell you something about the past of the Caddo people as it is known to archaeologists. This is a subject that has been both my occupation and my major preoccupation for more than 25 years. The story that I and other archaeologists have been piecing together over many years is long, complex, and endlessly fascinating. It is a heritage that anyone could be proud of. Let me give you some of the highlights.

The story began over 11,500 years ago--or about 9,500 B.C.--when the first people …

The Z.V. Davis-Mcpeek Site, An Early Caddoan Mound Site In The Little Cypress Creek Valley, Upshur County, Texas, Bo Nelson, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Z.V. Davis-McPeek site (41UR4/99) is an Early Caddoan period mound and habitation area located in northwest Upshur County. The mound is on a broad terrace along Little Cypress Creek, in the western portion of the Cypress Basin. Since the initial recording of the site some 60 years ago, there have been several different but limited investigations there, but none have been published. These limited investigations, coupled with the uncertainty of the site's exact location (see below), prompted the authors (with the able assistance of Mike Turner) to relocate the site, assemble known information about it, evaluate the current condition …

A Two-Phase Or Tiered Caddo Mound At The Camp Joy Site (41ur144), Lake 0' The Pines, Mike Turner

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

As the United States expanded in the late eighteenth century and through most of the nineteenth century, much interest and question was raised over the increasing numbers of earthen mounds and earthen constructions encountered by the settlers moving westward across the southeastern woodlands. Mounds? Mound builders? Enough questions were raised about their origins that in 1881, the Division of Mound Exploration of the Bureau of Ethnology, Smithsonian Institution, was established to address and resolve these issues. The work of the Division of Mound Exploration can be considered the first "modern archeology" done in the United States. Their mound research covered …

Chipped Glass, Ceramics, And Axe Handles, Claude Mccrocklin

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This is a brief paper on chipped glass and Euro-American ceramics found on Historic Indian sites in the ARK-LA-TEX region. These tools have long puzzled archaeologists as to their use, and still do to some extent today; hopefully this paper will clarify matters. Chipped and pressure-flaked glass was probably used differently from chipped ceramic tools, since the latter were softer and not as sharp as the bottle glass. As most of the chipped tools found were made of glass, this paper will deal primarily with them.

The Problem Of Site Looting In East Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

It is likely that looting by treasure hunters and grave robbers has destroyed thousands of sites in East Texas. In the last 5 to 10 years, the vandalism and looting of archeological sites by commercial looters on private, state, and federal property has reached epidemic proportions. Undisturbed Caddoan Indian habitation sites and cemeteries, thought to date from about 1200 to 200 years B.P., are very vulnerable to disturbance and destruction by commercial collectors and looters. These folks are. destroying forever irreplaceable evidence about Texas' cultural heritage.

The looting and vandalism of Caddoan sites has been a persistent Texas problem since …

Archaeological Investigations At The Tobert Potter And Harriet Ames Cabin (41mr51) On Potter's Point, Caddo Lake, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This paper discusses recent archaeological investigations at the Robert Potter and Harriet Ames cabin site (41MR51) on Caddo Lake at Potter's Point. The cabin site represents a relatively intact mid-nineteenth century archaeological deposit from a Northeast Texas cultural resource of considerable historical significance.

The site was located by Mr. Claude McCrocklin and members of the Louisiana Archaeological Society in the summer of 1992. The artifacts collected from these limited investigations were then turned over to the author for study as the first step in assessing the site's archaeological character and preservation potential.

Data Recovery Efforts At The Millville Mill Site (41rk223), Rusk County, Texas, Eugene R. Foster Jr., Wayne Glander

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In September 1993, data recovery efforts were undertaken by Espey, Huston & Associates, Inc. (EH&A) of Austin, Texas, to mitigate the effects of lignite mining on site 41RK223 in Texas Utilities Mining Company's Oak Hill/2280 Acre Mine permit area of north-central Rusk County, Texas. The data recovery efforts were planned and conducted in coordination with the Department of Antiquities Protection at the Texas Historical Commission (THC) and Mr. Matthew Tanner of TU Services. The site was originally recorded by EH&A during a 1989 survey of the Oak Hill/2280 Acre Mine permit area based on information received from local informants, Orville …

Four Clovis Points From San Augustine County, Texas, Kenneth M. Brown

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Four surface-collected Clovis points (two complete, two fragmentary) from the northeastern valley margin of the Angelina River in San Augustine County are described. One specimen is made from Manning fused glass and is the oldest artifact known to have been made of that rock type. The others appear to be made of chert from the Edwards Plateau.

Artifact Repatriation And Collection Documentation, Dan E. Mcgregor

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) became law in November 1990, giving Native Americans control over the disposition of human remains and certain artifacts with which they have "cultural affiliation". For East Texas, most Native American burials are unquestionably affiliated with the Caddo Tribe of Oklahoma. Implementation of NAGPRA will affect the archaeological data base for East Texas. Repatriation of human remains and associated artifacts to the Caddo Tribe will be required of most curation facilities with collections from this region. Under NAGPRA, future excavation and analysis of human remains and associated artifacts will become increasingly difficult …

Problems In The Preservation And Study Of Archaeological Metals In East Texas, Jay C. Blaine

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Dee Ann Story recently pointed out how little really is known about the archaeology of Texas Caddoan sites. Specifically, she notes how very few Caddoan sites have been systematically excavated and analyzed in Texas.

There has been some substantial effort in this direction recently as witnessed by the renewed investigations at the Sam Kaufman (Roitsch) site by the Texas Archeological Society and the Texas Historical Commission. However, it seems evident to some of us that while investigations of the prehistoric Caddoan archaeological data base has been less than adequate, our understanding of historic Caddoan groups remains even less satisfactory. In …

Vulnerability Of Archeological Sites In East Texas, James E. Corbin

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

A discussion concerning the vulnerable archeological sites in East Texas, or anywhere for that matter, is a serious and complex one, primarily because all archaeological sites are vulnerable. Of course, it must be understood that it is the very nature of archaeological sites to be threatened with destruction.

Means Of Site Preservation In East Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Although thousands of archeological sites are destroyed annually in Texas, there are effective ways to preserve them using existing State and Federal laws and regulations. These are not simply paperwork exercised, since the tangible results help to insure that prehistoric and historic sites are preservedas a special trust for the benefit of Texas' future generations. I encourage all persons interested in protecting and preserving the heritage of Texas to be an advocate to public and private landowners about site preservation.

Rather than review in detail applicable State and Federal laws about site preservation, a summary paper has been distributed here …