Architecture Commons^™

Planning And Design Of Urban Green Networks In Stockholm, Na Xiu, Maria Ignatieva, Cecil Konijnendijk Van Den Bosch

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Green and blue spaces, together with other land use changes are determining factors of habitat fragmentation, biodiversity loss and decline of ecosystem services in urbanized areas (Adriaensen et al., 2003; Collinge, 1996; Kong et al., 2010; Teng et al., 2011). In attempt to tackle the issue, network connectivity is regarded as a suitable approach from an ecological (CookVan Lier, 1994) and social perspective (Teng et al., 2011). Landscape-scale connectivity is normally built on a ‘patch-corridor-matrix’ model to describe structural or functional continuity in a spatial and time configuration (FormanGodron, 1986). A graph-theoretic approach therefore can provide an operable way of …

Flexible Space Design Of Community Greenways In Temperate Zone Of Asia -- Beijing Case Study, Zhengwang Wu, Yuting Han

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Heavy traffic, poor air environment and fast-paced city lifestyles are a growing major problem for residents in Beijing. Beijing is a place for people‘s daily work but almost nobody use the word liveable to describe it. In view of the common diseases of urbanization above, it is time to use greenways planning to improve Beijing living environment.

According to China's major cities traffic analysis report of AutoNavi in 2015, the Beijingers possess strong time-saving consciousness. (AutoNavi Traffic Big Data, 2016). At the same time, it is concluded from the questionnaire investigated by the Sina microblog in 2012, the need of …

Design Strategy Of Community Greenway Connectivity Of High-Density Urban Asia – A Case Study On Beijing, Zhengwang Wu, Yanhui Wang

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

In the high-density Asian cities which expand rapidly and witness explosive growth in population, the construction of urban community greenways can effectively mitigate the heavy pressure that human beings impose on natural and humanistic environment. In Beijing, poor connectivity is one of the major challenges community greenway construction faces. This paper performs a field survey on the established community greenways in Beijing and their surrounding communities, finding that greenway connectivity is affected by the problems like interference with motorways and unsound greenway planning system in development process. The survey analysis demonstrates that the poor connectivity of community greenways is embodied …

Novel Urban Waterfront Ecosystem Services Evaluation, Monitoring And Improving Strategies, Zhang Wei, Jack Ahern

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

The urban waterfront is the interface between urban areas and their adjacent water (Timur, 2013). Urban waterfronts have historically been the hub of transportation, trade and commerce. In the 20th century, many cities evolved from a manufacturing or trade economy to a service industry economy – often abandoning their waterfronts in the process, with common environmental problems, and creating the opportunity and need to reconceive the waterfronts (Smith et al., 2012). In the early 21st century, the waterfront regeneration trend has continued, often with a broader view of restoring and improving urban waterfront ecosystem services.

Here we suggest that this …

Sustainable Urban Planning And Climate Change Scenarios: An Investigation Of Staten Island's Urban Planning, Melissa Wagner, Lauren E. Gentile, Joanna Merson, Elizabeth Wentz

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Recent events like Hurricane Sandy, which struck Staten Island, NY on October 29, 2012, serve as a costly reminder of how unsustainable designs and mounting social pressures can contribute to extensive structural damage and subsequent financial cost, from storm surge inundation and coastal flooding. It is unlikely that Hurricane Sandy was a one-time event but rather a warning of what can occur over the next century without proper mitigation strategies. Based on climate change projections, such extreme events are expected to become more frequent and intense due to warmer sea surface temperatures and rising sea levels (Emmanual, 2005; Kirtman et. …

Greenways As Linear Components Of Green Infrastructure In Rural Agricultural Landscapes Of South-Western Slovakia, Attila Tóth

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Greenways are important linking elements of green infrastructure systems in rural cultural landscapes. Their significance markedly increases in agricultural landscapes, since green networks and systems are very often limited to linear structures in this particular type of landscape. Greenways can therefore be crucial green infrastructure components in intensively farmed arable-land matrixes. The uniqueness of the presented research consists in the focus on sustainability and resilience benefits provided by greenways in agricultural landscapes. Greenways and green infrastructure improve the overall environmental resilience of farmed landscapes towards climate change and extreme environmental events, such as long lasting drought and erosion of fertile …

Pressing Challenges In China’S Greenway Planning And Design: Promoting Or Diminishing Cultural Identities And Values?, Hongbing Tang

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Greenways are networks of land containing linear elements that are planned, designed and managed for multiple purposes including ecological, recreational, cultural, aesthetic, or other purposes compatible with the concept of sustainable land use (Ahern, 1995). The greenway movement is a new concept that integrates many established landscape architectural, planning and design ideas, concepts, and implementation techniques. (Fabos, 1995).

This paper is primarily focused on pressing challenges in the greenway movement taking place in many parts of China that are out of cultural and historic contexts, resulting in diminishing cultural identities and values. It attempts to re-examine the greenway planning strategies …

The Potential Roles Of Biodiverse Green Roofs In The Extending Urban Green Network, Krisztina Szabó

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

The role of urban green network is increasingly needed due to urbanization and the growing urban population. The high number of buildings, the different infrastructural developments and the high quantity of covered surface do not allow increase greenery on the ground level; there are few residual spaces that can be turned into green areas. One solution could be the vertical walls and green roofs which can considerably help developing urban green network of the future (Susca et al., 2011). Due to the acute conflicts between high density development and limited land, many European, American and Chinese cities adopted an effective …

Improving Urban Greenways Using James Rose’S Theories Of Integration, Claudia Stoll

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

After an insightful discussion with my peers regarding the theories of landscape urbanism, we concluded that many of the concepts are not new, but were perhaps extrapolated from landscape design principles well known to us. Throughout the discussion, I could not help but think back on my previous research about the mid-century modern landscape architect, James Rose, who’s rebellious designs and intriguing publications spoke to larger concepts than purely form and design, unapologetically. His theories, although laced with humor and sarcasm, have many relevant applications in designing urban parks in cities today. His theories on the integration of indoors and …

Cultural Tourism Trails As Part Of Sustainable Tourism – The Tool Of Shaping The Greenways And Protection Of Ecosystems In Gorce, Jadwiga Środulska-Wielgus, Krzysztof Wielgus, Olga Maj

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Gorce are part of Carpathians – Western Beskidy, Mountains. They are located in Southern Poland, ca. 25km north of High Tatra Mountains. They stretch on approximately 550km². Gorce attract tourists with varying terrain and, most of all, some of the most beautiful open wide views of surrounding mountain chains. The relics of the original Carpathian Forest and the landscape of deeply cut mountain streams are also very valuable. Impressive rock outcroppings and not-yet-explored, numerous caves can also be found here.

The phenomenon of Gorce comes from the unique landscape, shaped by both nature and by man, originally for shepherding, then …

Landscape Infrastructure And The Retrofitting Of Sustainability Into Suburban Communities: Irvine, California’S Jeffrey Open Space Trail, Deni Ruggeri

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

This paper investigates the performance of the Jeffrey Open Space Trail in Irvine, CA a recent ‘green infrastructure” project, It emphasizes the social performance of this landscape--its ability to promote healthy community life, stronger identity and public health. The data consisted of observations conducted in January 2016 and analysed using Ahern’s (2007) cultural performance indicators. The results suggest that while this linear park successfully provides Irvine residents many opportunities for physical activity and diverse visual experiences, it fails to serve as social and communitybuilding infrastructure.

Climate Action Planning And Urban Greenways: Weaving Together Sustainability, Health And Resilience, David C. Ralston

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Envisioning and planning citywide greenways and supporting urban greening (green infrastructure) linked to climate action planning are surprisingly not well integrated in sustainable planning initiatives and in fact represent two separate landscape action approaches and two different scales and disciplines of focus. By not being strategically integrated, cities are missing out on many significant environmental and social co-benefits that are especially needed at this time. Consider, the planning focus for greenways (especially in the US context) over the last forty-years has generally emerged from a landscape design and park planning tradition and thus we see various inter-city/regional or suburban “pleasure …

The Legacy Of Frederick Law Olmsted’S Emerald Necklace In Contemporary Boston, James C. O’Connell

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

A few years ago, I was reading about a booming Chinese city that wanted to complement development with parks. Planners in Shenzhen were debating whether to create a “Central Park” or an “Emerald Necklace,” referencing the parks that landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted designed for New York (1858) and Boston (1878-1896) respectively. Shenzhen ended up creating an “Emerald Necklace” network of parkland, presumably because it served residents more effectively. This story indicates the strong influence that Frederick Law Olmsted still holds over planners and the public around the world.

Evaluation Methods Of Urban Trees Along The Danube In Budapest, Ildikó Réka Báthoryné Nagy, Katalin Takács

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Defined by national Hungarian legislation (National Act 1997. LXXVIII.), the evaluation of urban green spaces is required as part of an urban planning process. Such evaluation includes the analysis of dendrological features. In 2014 the procedure of urban planning regarding the river banks of the Danube at Budapest was started. The development of the Building Code of the river banks was based on numerous basic studies and researches in varying fields. The dendrological evaluation area was on both sides of the Danube River including 465 neighboring real estate lots, and also islands. We participated in a research which was meant …

The Potential Impact Of Greening As A Directed Land Use On The Landscape Structure, Klaudia Máté, László Kollányi

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

The intensification of agricultural landscapes significantly sped up in the 20th century. The European Union created the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) with the objective of securing the productivity, the biodiversity and the ecological stability of agricultural landscapes. A new measure in the 2014 CAP Reform is “greening”. Its goal is to support agricultural activities which are beneficial to the climate and environment as well as to protect landscape elements which are important for ecosystems. The impact of this measure on the landscape structure is unpredictable.

In this study, we compare the earlier legislation to the current greening provisions in order …

Ecological Networks And Ecosystem Services In Urban Regions Implementation And Planning Practices, Mina Di Marino

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

In recent decades, urban developments, agriculture and growth of grey infrastructures have affected urban landscapes. The rapid expansions of cities have increasingly caused loss of biodiversity, degradation and fragmentation of habitats. In this context, Ecological Network (EN) and more recently Ecosystem Services (ES) have been the subject of increasing attention among academics and in global and European policies. EN has represented a concept to consider and plan for preserving biodiversity and sustainable use of resources. EN also provides ES, for instance, recreational services (such as the access to green space, recreation, and educational resources) and supporting services (such as safeguarding …

Connectivity Analysis For Green Infrastructure Restoration Planning On National Level, László Kollányi, Klaudia Máté

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

The green infrastructure idea has getting more and more importance in the last years research papers and planning guidelines (Rouse & Bunster-Ossa, 2013) (EEA, 2011). According to one of the first definition green infrastructure (GI) is an interconnected network of waterways, wetlands, woodlands, wildlife habitats, and other natural areas, greenways, parks and other conservation lands, farms, ranches and forests, wilderness areas and other open spaces that support native species, maintain natural ecological processes, sustain air and water resources and contribute to the health and quality of life (Benedict & McMahon, 2000). According to the European Union’s approach green infrastructure is …

Evolution And Evaluation Of Contemporary Greenways And Green Infrastructure In Sydney, Australia, Simon Kilbane, Jonathan Kopinski

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Greenways are as diverse in their contemporary forms as the geographical regions they sample. Within an Australian urban context this paper will outline how greenways have added to their culturally focussed intentions of recreation and active transport (Little, 1995; Walmsley, 1995) and could now be described as ‘green infrastructure’. Described by Benedict & McMahon (2006) as essential and life-supporting, Australian green infrastructure follows Europe’s lead (Jongman, Külvik, & Kristiansen, 2004) expanding the greenway remit to include vital hydrological functions (Ahern, 2007), the provision of valuable ecosystem services (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005) and a range of essential ecological benefits for urban …

Designation Of Potential Excavation Zones Suitable For Mining - Modelling Different Types Of Land Uses; Minatura2020 Hungarian Case Study (Tállya Region), Zoltán Horváth, Rita Szeiler, Anouk Cormont, Michiel Van Eupen

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

The exploitation of minerals in Europe is an indispensable activity to ensure that the present and future needs of the European society can be met. This means that sufficient access is required to explore and exploit minerals. At the same time the mineral requirements of our society must be met without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Accordingly, potentially exploitable mineral deposits (known deposits, abandoned mines and historical mining sites) need to be assessed against other land uses, taking into account criteria such as habitats, other environmental concerns, priorities for settlements, etc. Decisions on the …

Utilizing Phytotechnologies: Redesigning Abandoned Gas Stations, Matt Hisle, Frank Sleegers

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Hazardous pollutants that exist in contaminated soils represent a threat to human, animal, and environmental health if left unmanaged. Phytoremediation in the U.S. was generally named and formally established in the 1980s and applied as an alternative method using plants to cleanse contaminated soils on site in a more economically and environmentally friendly way than removing contaminated soils off site. High expectations and mixed performances with failures outnumbering successes led to a crash of phytoremediation with a decline in environmental research funding by the early 2000s. “Phyto”, a book by landscape architects Kennen and Kirkwood (2015) recently reintroduces the subject …

Planning Multifunctional Green Infrastructure In Urban Areas - Advanced Approaches Based On Case Studies From Denmark, Germany And The Uk, Rieke Hansen, Anton Stahl Olafsson, Alexander Van Der Jagt, Emily Rall, Stephan Pauleit

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Green infrastructure (GI) is considered to be a planning concept that has potential to improve green space planning in urban areas by offering a holistic, integrated approach (e.g., Pauleit et al., 2011; Davies et al., 2015). In this paper we focus on multifunctionality as an important principle of GI planning. By scrutinizing case studies in Germany (Berlin), the UK (Edinburgh), and Denmark (Aarhus), we examine how multifunctionality is acknowledged by urban green space practitioners and provide recommendations on how to consider multifunctionality more proactively and comprehensively.

Vienna And The Danube Island: Shifting Objectives For An Urban Greenway, Dagmar Grimm-Pretner, Ulrike Krippner

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

The artificial Danube Island is today an important urban greenway and a crucial element of Vienna’s green network (Stadtentwicklung Wien, 2015). It is the result of two major flood protection projects that have had a fundamental impact on the Danube riverscape in Vienna. From 1870 to 1875 the branching river was straightened into one main riverbed with a large parallel inundation area of 825 hectares of almost flat ground. Overflows of the swiftly moving alpine river were then limited, but flooding remained a risk. In view of this, 100 years later, the inundation area was transformed into a 160-meter-wide flood-relief …

Planning Greenway Alternatives Within The Rural Areas Of Bartın Province, Turkey, Ercan Gökyer, Melih Öztürk

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Recently overall the world, fragmentation in land uses has increased due to the rapid increase in population, urbanization and unplanned development. Fragmented landscapes have less connectivity and greater isolation. On the other hand, species are negatively influenced in a fragmented landscape. Greenway and connectivity are evaluated in landscape ecological studies in order to mitigate negative ecological conditions in urban areas (UN, 2014; Leitao and Ahern, 2002, Linehan et al., 1995). Under these conditions, linear green elements within the rural areas have gained prominence to be considered within greenway planning studies.

Nowadays, rural areas obtain increasing importance. These areas include ecological, …

Lp(R)Evolution: A City On The Way To The Future Las Palmas: Parkcity, Susanne Gerstberger

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

For the first time in 2008, more people lived in cities than in the countryside. The USA expect that in 2050, more than 70% of the expected global population of 9 billion will be at home in the constantly growing megacities. Everywhere, in cities and in the countryside, anthropogenic changes are becoming visible with growing speed. Human footprints can already be found at apparently untouched places, in natural landscapes. At the same time, there is a growing need and search for untouched nature or natural spaces in the city. Nature deficit disorder is a serious matter that has to be …

Bialystok (Poland) - Green City. Historical Greenways In A Contemporary City, Dorota Gawryluk, Maciej Kłopotowski

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

In contemporary theories of city design the issue of green corridors appears more and more frequently. They concern the development of greenways of communicative, ecological and recreational functions. Their purpose is to change the modern city landscape. Routes network dominant in the city space is to be replaced by ecological structures, improving the quality of life and introducing the green into the city. This issue is discussed by a number of research teams and relates to the cities of different scale. Conducted works tend to indicate the direction for transformation of the existing urban structures. This process is to be …

The Maros River And Its Potential For Landscape Development, Albert Fekete, Martin Van Den Toorn

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

In this paper we research how the approach of 'greenway planning' could be elaborated in the case of manorial house systems located alongside the Maros (Mures) river in Transylvania. The Maros river is part of the Danube watershed and crosses a large part of Transylvania, roughly from East to West. Certain sections of the river, spanning 876 km from its source to its mouth, can be well differentiated both from a geographic and a social aspect.

First of all we will analyse the historical role of the river in the landscape development of the area in the long run. Not …

Green Infrastructure In Rural Development, Case Study In Hungary, Krisztina Filep-Kovács, Ágnes Sallay, Zsuzsanna Mikházi, Sándor Jombach, Zsolt Szilvácsku, István Valánszki, Géza Gelencsér

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Green infrastructure (GI) planning as a complex, multifunctional tool is appropriate to realize objectives related to nature conservation, rural development, and sustainable agriculture. In a rural region of Hungary, we carried out a project covering wide range of activities: elaboration of new reservoirs, habitat rehabilitation enhancing the ecological stability of the Koppány-creek and suggestions for the improvement of the sustainability and multifunctionality of agricultural production. The pilot area is situated in Koppány Valley that is a hilly landscape rich in natural values located south of the popular tourist destination Lake Balaton and is affected by extreme aging and emigration processes. …

Greenways As Resilient Global Landscape Solutions, Charles A. Fink

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Greenways historically have been highly valued for their benefit to human health and wellness as linear recreational corridors and as a product of interconnected walking and bicycling trail networks. With the threat of accelerating global climate change, greenways offer a more important and strategic landscape for the protection of coastal and shoreline communities, mitigating the impacts associated with urban flooding, and providing landscapes that protect the health, safety and welfare for millions of coastal and shoreline residents around the world.

Each day millions of residents worldwide are exposed to the impacts resulting from global climate change, primarily from urban flooding. …

The Degree Of Visibility As A Tool To Assess And Design Of A Visual Corridor, Urszula Forczek-Brataniec

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Visual analysis has permanently entered the procedures related to design and management of spatial resources. It is strengthened in the form of instructions and textbooks and hence has become a vital source of information for more conscious design of spatial effects. The basis of the visual analyses is the range of the view - called viewshed. It used to be marked out with a ruler and a topographic map (Felleman, 1986) while currently this process is conducted with digital tools (Bishop, 2007). In this way we gain information regarding the range of the view from a particular site and hence …

Ecological Structure Of Nasielsk Commune In Poland, Beata Fornal-Pieniak, Maciej Żołnierczuk, Ewa Zaraś-Januszkiewicz

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Green corridors have many ecological functions in rural areas. New settelments, not proper turistic activities, cutted forests are represtented only in few examples, which could changed natural refuges and green corridors in rural commune. It is really important to shaping main green corridors includnig big and small natural refuges, which are represented by the forests, small group of trees or manor parks.