Architecture Commons^™

A New Step In Greenway Planning And Practice – The Challenges Of Branding A Cross-Border Greenway In Hungary, János Csapó, Géza Szabó, Zoltán Horváth, Réka Pintér

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

One of the most recent products of alternative tourism and thematic route development are the greenways in Hungary which were recently launched in 2011. As the authors of this article actively took part in the practical process of the creation and initiation of the Baranya Greenway in 2012, (Szabó, G. and Csapó, J., 2012), in our present article we lay the emphasis on the branding process of a cross-border cooperation program on the Hungarian-Croatian border at the Baranya/Baranja area.

Besides tourism development, the presented initiatives rely on forming a sustainable society and a healthy lifestyle as well where the major …

Green For Commons: Paths Of Development In Hungary, Germany And Georgia, Viktória Csizmadiáné Czuppon, Nino Chachava, Gudrun Nahrendorf, Andrea Malerba, Andrea Pizzato

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

In the past few years public awareness of green spaces in cities has evolved. Rapid urbanization, population growth, expansion of industrial plants, among others, have led to the occupation of land by buildings, roads, contemporary constructions for different purposes. More of the left green spaces are progressively taken away, showing little consideration to the value of human life, the air quality and nature.

Our cities have increasingly become central in the environmental protectionrelated processes, as they represent a focal point of sustainability, and the political and economic strategies of the countries. However, the process of transforming our cities into sustainable …

Ecourbanism In Rwanda – A Whole System Approach To City Building, Luke Engleback

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

The World Bank forecast that the area covered by the planet’s urban realm, as measured in 2000, would double by the 2030s, with 90% of urban growth occurring in the developing world (Suzuki et al., 2010). To avoid problems of resource depletion, pollution, poor human health and wellbeing etc. associated with past urbanism, new cities should acknowledge the concept of Natural Capital and Ecosystem Services, bolstered by comprehensive, interconnected green infrastructure.

Rwanda is a small land-locked country, located just south of the equator in the heart of Africa, and one of the poorest countries in the world. Rwanda’s population density, …

Resilient Greenway: A Participatory Planning Framework, Chingwen Cheng, Mohsen Garshasby

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Greenway as a network of “nature’s super infrastructure”—as part of green infrastructure that includes both man-made and natural ecological networks— providing ecological, recreational, and cultural values (Fabos, 1995) is a complex and dynamic social-ecological system. The structures and functions of greenways are shaped and formed by the interactions between natural and human systems. Under climate change impacts with intensified and more frequent extreme weathers, many greenway systems that are particularly in already natural disaster-prone areas would be likely to experience more aggravated social and ecological impacts. A resilient greenway thus is a greenway system that processes an adaptive capacity to …

Landscape Education For Democracy: A Proposal For Building Inclusive Processes Into Spatial Planning Education, Kristin Faurest, Deni Ruggeri

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

The landscape belongs to everyone. We should all participate in deciding how it is used, and landscape resources should serve all populations regardless of social or economic status. But spatial planning education rarely includes topics such as democratic processes, participatory planning, community-based planning or other topics, and does not fully prepare designers and planners to effectively work in partnership with the communities they serve.

This problem was the inspiration for LED – Landscape Education for Democracy, a new three-year educational programme created and implemented by a consortium and funded by the Erasmus+ Strategic Partnership Programme of the European Commission. The …

Green Infrastructure In Rural Development, Case Study In Hungary, Krisztina Filep-Kovács, Ágnes Sallay, Zsuzsanna Mikházi, Sándor Jombach, Zsolt Szilvácsku, István Valánszki, Géza Gelencsér

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Green infrastructure (GI) planning as a complex, multifunctional tool is appropriate to realize objectives related to nature conservation, rural development, and sustainable agriculture. In a rural region of Hungary, we carried out a project covering wide range of activities: elaboration of new reservoirs, habitat rehabilitation enhancing the ecological stability of the Koppány-creek and suggestions for the improvement of the sustainability and multifunctionality of agricultural production. The pilot area is situated in Koppány Valley that is a hilly landscape rich in natural values located south of the popular tourist destination Lake Balaton and is affected by extreme aging and emigration processes. …

The Maros River And Its Potential For Landscape Development, Albert Fekete, Martin Van Den Toorn

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

In this paper we research how the approach of 'greenway planning' could be elaborated in the case of manorial house systems located alongside the Maros (Mures) river in Transylvania. The Maros river is part of the Danube watershed and crosses a large part of Transylvania, roughly from East to West. Certain sections of the river, spanning 876 km from its source to its mouth, can be well differentiated both from a geographic and a social aspect.

First of all we will analyse the historical role of the river in the landscape development of the area in the long run. Not …

Greenways As Resilient Global Landscape Solutions, Charles A. Fink

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Greenways historically have been highly valued for their benefit to human health and wellness as linear recreational corridors and as a product of interconnected walking and bicycling trail networks. With the threat of accelerating global climate change, greenways offer a more important and strategic landscape for the protection of coastal and shoreline communities, mitigating the impacts associated with urban flooding, and providing landscapes that protect the health, safety and welfare for millions of coastal and shoreline residents around the world.

Each day millions of residents worldwide are exposed to the impacts resulting from global climate change, primarily from urban flooding. …

Urban Natural Burial: Re-Presenting Data As A Means Of Communicating New Approaches To Green Infrastructure, Ian Fisher, Ann Sharrock

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

The authors have published a number of articles (Ian Fisher and Ann Sharrock, 2013, 2014) and have received media coverage on their proposals for linking natural burial, urban microclimate modification and the revaluing of privately owned urban “hope value” land.

The purpose of this paper is to further explore the ideas advanced in the author’s research and their potential as formative elements in green infrastructure. To facilitate this process, the authors intend to analyse and test the medium of info graphics as a vehicle for communicating the assembled but separate empirical evidence as a means of supporting the validity of …

The Landscape In Urbanism - A Historical View Into The Future, Eric Firley, Frank Sleegers

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

In common literature the relationship between urban planning and landscape architecture has retrospectively often been described as an antagonistic one. The impression can be gained that only recent projects re-discover the importance of existing natural features as guiding design themes, and that earlier generations ignored them in favor of grand urban schemes. Architectural hardware against green software. Tabula rasa against incremental change. Starting from this hypothetical premise of two contradicting philosophies, the authors decided to dwell deeper into the historic context and to investigate how existing landscape systems have had a major impact on masterplan principles, informing a built reality …

The Degree Of Visibility As A Tool To Assess And Design Of A Visual Corridor, Urszula Forczek-Brataniec

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Visual analysis has permanently entered the procedures related to design and management of spatial resources. It is strengthened in the form of instructions and textbooks and hence has become a vital source of information for more conscious design of spatial effects. The basis of the visual analyses is the range of the view - called viewshed. It used to be marked out with a ruler and a topographic map (Felleman, 1986) while currently this process is conducted with digital tools (Bishop, 2007). In this way we gain information regarding the range of the view from a particular site and hence …

Micro, Mega And Macro: Designing Landscapes Of Urban Change, Gina Ford

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Cities across the United States, in an effort to maintain competitiveness and address broader economic, ecological or social issues, are investing in innovative planning and design. This paper provides an overview of three recent U.S.-based projects representing a range of scales where landscape is leading this charge as a powerful urban catalyst – from the two-acre temporary landscape dubbed the Lawn on D in Downtown Boston, to the newly opened Chicago Riverwalk expansion, to a regional strategy to address land loss on the Gulf Coast. In each case, the urban context, the planning and design strategy and the project’s projected …

Greenway: The Backbone Of Sponge City In China, Fan Fu, Guangsi Lin, Bo Zhang

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

In recent decades, many Chinese cities are facing serious inner flood issues, especially big cities. Large built-up area, high ratio of impervious surface, and deficient infrastructures are the main reasons. The conventional drainage infrastructure can hardly deal with frequent inner floods companied with fast urbanization. Ironically, most Chinese cities are suffering from water shortage meanwhile (Fan & Zhao, 2010).

Under such a situation, the idea of constructing “Sponge City of natural retention, natural infiltration and natural purification” was proposed on the 2013 Central Authority Congress of Urbanization. In 2014, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development (MOHURD) released Technical Guide …

Ecological Structure Of Nasielsk Commune In Poland, Beata Fornal-Pieniak, Maciej Żołnierczuk, Ewa Zaraś-Januszkiewicz

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Green corridors have many ecological functions in rural areas. New settelments, not proper turistic activities, cutted forests are represtented only in few examples, which could changed natural refuges and green corridors in rural commune. It is really important to shaping main green corridors includnig big and small natural refuges, which are represented by the forests, small group of trees or manor parks.

Urban Heat Islands Strategy Plan Vienna – Implementing Urban Green Infrastructure To Reduce Negative Effects Of Urban Heat Islands, Birgit Gantner, Brigitte Allex, Christiane Brandenburg, Doris Damyanovic, Florian Reinwald, Jürgen Preiss

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Urban heat islands (UHI) have been known since the 19th century (Howard, 1820) and describe the difference in temperature between cities and their rural surroundings. This difference can be up to 12°C (Eliasson, 2000, 31); the phenomenon is caused by the transformation of natural surfaces through e.g. soil sealing, construction of infrastructure and buildings. However, differences in temperature not only occur between cities and their adjacent areas, but also within different parts of cities depending on the provision of green and blue infrastructure as well as on their share of sealed surfaces. The situation is further aggravated by a changing …

Bialystok (Poland) - Green City. Historical Greenways In A Contemporary City, Dorota Gawryluk, Maciej Kłopotowski

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

In contemporary theories of city design the issue of green corridors appears more and more frequently. They concern the development of greenways of communicative, ecological and recreational functions. Their purpose is to change the modern city landscape. Routes network dominant in the city space is to be replaced by ecological structures, improving the quality of life and introducing the green into the city. This issue is discussed by a number of research teams and relates to the cities of different scale. Conducted works tend to indicate the direction for transformation of the existing urban structures. This process is to be …

Planning Greenway Alternatives Within The Rural Areas Of Bartın Province, Turkey, Ercan Gökyer, Melih Öztürk

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Recently overall the world, fragmentation in land uses has increased due to the rapid increase in population, urbanization and unplanned development. Fragmented landscapes have less connectivity and greater isolation. On the other hand, species are negatively influenced in a fragmented landscape. Greenway and connectivity are evaluated in landscape ecological studies in order to mitigate negative ecological conditions in urban areas (UN, 2014; Leitao and Ahern, 2002, Linehan et al., 1995). Under these conditions, linear green elements within the rural areas have gained prominence to be considered within greenway planning studies.

Nowadays, rural areas obtain increasing importance. These areas include ecological, …

Lp(R)Evolution: A City On The Way To The Future Las Palmas: Parkcity, Susanne Gerstberger

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

For the first time in 2008, more people lived in cities than in the countryside. The USA expect that in 2050, more than 70% of the expected global population of 9 billion will be at home in the constantly growing megacities. Everywhere, in cities and in the countryside, anthropogenic changes are becoming visible with growing speed. Human footprints can already be found at apparently untouched places, in natural landscapes. At the same time, there is a growing need and search for untouched nature or natural spaces in the city. Nature deficit disorder is a serious matter that has to be …

Vienna And The Danube Island: Shifting Objectives For An Urban Greenway, Dagmar Grimm-Pretner, Ulrike Krippner

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

The artificial Danube Island is today an important urban greenway and a crucial element of Vienna’s green network (Stadtentwicklung Wien, 2015). It is the result of two major flood protection projects that have had a fundamental impact on the Danube riverscape in Vienna. From 1870 to 1875 the branching river was straightened into one main riverbed with a large parallel inundation area of 825 hectares of almost flat ground. Overflows of the swiftly moving alpine river were then limited, but flooding remained a risk. In view of this, 100 years later, the inundation area was transformed into a 160-meter-wide flood-relief …

Planning Multifunctional Green Infrastructure In Urban Areas - Advanced Approaches Based On Case Studies From Denmark, Germany And The Uk, Rieke Hansen, Anton Stahl Olafsson, Alexander Van Der Jagt, Emily Rall, Stephan Pauleit

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Green infrastructure (GI) is considered to be a planning concept that has potential to improve green space planning in urban areas by offering a holistic, integrated approach (e.g., Pauleit et al., 2011; Davies et al., 2015). In this paper we focus on multifunctionality as an important principle of GI planning. By scrutinizing case studies in Germany (Berlin), the UK (Edinburgh), and Denmark (Aarhus), we examine how multifunctionality is acknowledged by urban green space practitioners and provide recommendations on how to consider multifunctionality more proactively and comprehensively.

Designation Of Potential Excavation Zones Suitable For Mining - Modelling Different Types Of Land Uses; Minatura2020 Hungarian Case Study (Tállya Region), Zoltán Horváth, Rita Szeiler, Anouk Cormont, Michiel Van Eupen

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

The exploitation of minerals in Europe is an indispensable activity to ensure that the present and future needs of the European society can be met. This means that sufficient access is required to explore and exploit minerals. At the same time the mineral requirements of our society must be met without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Accordingly, potentially exploitable mineral deposits (known deposits, abandoned mines and historical mining sites) need to be assessed against other land uses, taking into account criteria such as habitats, other environmental concerns, priorities for settlements, etc. Decisions on the …

Utilizing Phytotechnologies: Redesigning Abandoned Gas Stations, Matt Hisle, Frank Sleegers

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Hazardous pollutants that exist in contaminated soils represent a threat to human, animal, and environmental health if left unmanaged. Phytoremediation in the U.S. was generally named and formally established in the 1980s and applied as an alternative method using plants to cleanse contaminated soils on site in a more economically and environmentally friendly way than removing contaminated soils off site. High expectations and mixed performances with failures outnumbering successes led to a crash of phytoremediation with a decline in environmental research funding by the early 2000s. “Phyto”, a book by landscape architects Kennen and Kirkwood (2015) recently reintroduces the subject …

Historic Roads Of Asia Minor And Greenway Potential For Ankara, Nedim Kemer

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Roads of the ancient era universally present valuable cultural and geographical assets on their courses. The routes of historic roads are generally determined by means of connecting settlements and important locations while providing safe, fast, and easy access through challenging geographies. Lush valleys and waterways with provision of food and water, scenic ridgelines, passageways through mountain ranges, and in some cases straight shortcuts in open plains are the usual access paths connecting cultural and economic terminal points. Critical geomorphologic, climatologic, and environmental factors play important role in determining the courses. Year round accessibility in climate dependent harsh conditions and anthropocentric …

Evolution And Evaluation Of Contemporary Greenways And Green Infrastructure In Sydney, Australia, Simon Kilbane, Jonathan Kopinski

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Greenways are as diverse in their contemporary forms as the geographical regions they sample. Within an Australian urban context this paper will outline how greenways have added to their culturally focussed intentions of recreation and active transport (Little, 1995; Walmsley, 1995) and could now be described as ‘green infrastructure’. Described by Benedict & McMahon (2006) as essential and life-supporting, Australian green infrastructure follows Europe’s lead (Jongman, Külvik, & Kristiansen, 2004) expanding the greenway remit to include vital hydrological functions (Ahern, 2007), the provision of valuable ecosystem services (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005) and a range of essential ecological benefits for urban …

Connectivity Analysis For Green Infrastructure Restoration Planning On National Level, László Kollányi, Klaudia Máté

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

The green infrastructure idea has getting more and more importance in the last years research papers and planning guidelines (Rouse & Bunster-Ossa, 2013) (EEA, 2011). According to one of the first definition green infrastructure (GI) is an interconnected network of waterways, wetlands, woodlands, wildlife habitats, and other natural areas, greenways, parks and other conservation lands, farms, ranches and forests, wilderness areas and other open spaces that support native species, maintain natural ecological processes, sustain air and water resources and contribute to the health and quality of life (Benedict & McMahon, 2000). According to the European Union’s approach green infrastructure is …

Avoid – Mitigate – Compensate: Halting The Loss Of Biodiversity In Landscapes “Under Pressure” - Landscape Planning And Eco Account Examples From The Stuttgart Region, Germany, Christian Küpfer, Sascha Arnold

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Within the European Union, Germany has the largest population (ca. 80 million) and the fourth highest population density (about 230 inhabitants per km²). In addition, the population’s need for living space is among the highest within Europe: in 2012, the rate of living space per resident was around 40 m² per person and far above Europe’s average for many other indicators, like percentage of urbanized land, population density, and motorization (table 1).

With its long history of urbanisation and industrialization after World War II and its geographical position in the centre of Europe, Germany faces strong challenges to balance the …

The Potential Impact Of Greening As A Directed Land Use On The Landscape Structure, Klaudia Máté, László Kollányi

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

The intensification of agricultural landscapes significantly sped up in the 20th century. The European Union created the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) with the objective of securing the productivity, the biodiversity and the ecological stability of agricultural landscapes. A new measure in the 2014 CAP Reform is “greening”. Its goal is to support agricultural activities which are beneficial to the climate and environment as well as to protect landscape elements which are important for ecosystems. The impact of this measure on the landscape structure is unpredictable.

In this study, we compare the earlier legislation to the current greening provisions in order …

Ecological Networks And Ecosystem Services In Urban Regions Implementation And Planning Practices, Mina Di Marino

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

In recent decades, urban developments, agriculture and growth of grey infrastructures have affected urban landscapes. The rapid expansions of cities have increasingly caused loss of biodiversity, degradation and fragmentation of habitats. In this context, Ecological Network (EN) and more recently Ecosystem Services (ES) have been the subject of increasing attention among academics and in global and European policies. EN has represented a concept to consider and plan for preserving biodiversity and sustainable use of resources. EN also provides ES, for instance, recreational services (such as the access to green space, recreation, and educational resources) and supporting services (such as safeguarding …

The Legacy Of Frederick Law Olmsted’S Emerald Necklace In Contemporary Boston, James C. O’Connell

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

A few years ago, I was reading about a booming Chinese city that wanted to complement development with parks. Planners in Shenzhen were debating whether to create a “Central Park” or an “Emerald Necklace,” referencing the parks that landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted designed for New York (1858) and Boston (1878-1896) respectively. Shenzhen ended up creating an “Emerald Necklace” network of parkland, presumably because it served residents more effectively. This story indicates the strong influence that Frederick Law Olmsted still holds over planners and the public around the world.

Is There An Ideal Model For Effective Stormwater Management In Norway?, Ingrid Merete Ødegård

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Climate changes in Norway deals with increased amount of precipitation and an elevation of temperature. Increased urbanization with more dense surfaces provides even more flooding risks, which is and has been the reality many places for some years now (Hanssen-Bauer, I. et al 2015).

Use of stormwater as a resource was the main topic in Norsk Vann rapport 162/2008. (Lindholm et.al.2008), made as a guideline for climate adapted stormwater management in Norway. The report addresses water engineers, planners and landscape architects working to solve the increased amount of stormwater due to climate changes. Additional water management has to provide values …