Architecture Commons^™

Evaluation Methods Of Urban Trees Along The Danube In Budapest, Ildikó Réka Báthoryné Nagy, Katalin Takács

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Defined by national Hungarian legislation (National Act 1997. LXXVIII.), the evaluation of urban green spaces is required as part of an urban planning process. Such evaluation includes the analysis of dendrological features. In 2014 the procedure of urban planning regarding the river banks of the Danube at Budapest was started. The development of the Building Code of the river banks was based on numerous basic studies and researches in varying fields. The dendrological evaluation area was on both sides of the Danube River including 465 neighboring real estate lots, and also islands. We participated in a research which was meant …

Contemplative Greenway Design For The Health And Well-Being Of City Inhabitants, Agnieszka Olszewska

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

This paper presents the findings of the PhD research titled Contemplative Values of Urban Parks and Gardens, which can be applied to urban greenway design. We consider the network of urban green spaces a multifunctional structure that can not only serve environmental and aesthetical values, but also directly influence people´s mental health and well-being. Urban green infrastructure has a significant potential to serve as a place for the passive recreation that involves re-connecting with nature through contemplation. We made the concept of contemplative landscapes operational by identifying physical attributes of such spaces.

The study revealed seven key-categories of landscape design …

Climate Action Planning And Urban Greenways: Weaving Together Sustainability, Health And Resilience, David C. Ralston

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Envisioning and planning citywide greenways and supporting urban greening (green infrastructure) linked to climate action planning are surprisingly not well integrated in sustainable planning initiatives and in fact represent two separate landscape action approaches and two different scales and disciplines of focus. By not being strategically integrated, cities are missing out on many significant environmental and social co-benefits that are especially needed at this time. Consider, the planning focus for greenways (especially in the US context) over the last forty-years has generally emerged from a landscape design and park planning tradition and thus we see various inter-city/regional or suburban “pleasure …

The Potential Roles Of Biodiverse Green Roofs In The Extending Urban Green Network, Krisztina Szabó

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

The role of urban green network is increasingly needed due to urbanization and the growing urban population. The high number of buildings, the different infrastructural developments and the high quantity of covered surface do not allow increase greenery on the ground level; there are few residual spaces that can be turned into green areas. One solution could be the vertical walls and green roofs which can considerably help developing urban green network of the future (Susca et al., 2011). Due to the acute conflicts between high density development and limited land, many European, American and Chinese cities adopted an effective …

Cultural Tourism Trails As Part Of Sustainable Tourism – The Tool Of Shaping The Greenways And Protection Of Ecosystems In Gorce, Jadwiga Środulska-Wielgus, Krzysztof Wielgus, Olga Maj

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Gorce are part of Carpathians – Western Beskidy, Mountains. They are located in Southern Poland, ca. 25km north of High Tatra Mountains. They stretch on approximately 550km². Gorce attract tourists with varying terrain and, most of all, some of the most beautiful open wide views of surrounding mountain chains. The relics of the original Carpathian Forest and the landscape of deeply cut mountain streams are also very valuable. Impressive rock outcroppings and not-yet-explored, numerous caves can also be found here.

The phenomenon of Gorce comes from the unique landscape, shaped by both nature and by man, originally for shepherding, then …

Landscape Infrastructure And The Retrofitting Of Sustainability Into Suburban Communities: Irvine, California’S Jeffrey Open Space Trail, Deni Ruggeri

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

This paper investigates the performance of the Jeffrey Open Space Trail in Irvine, CA a recent ‘green infrastructure” project, It emphasizes the social performance of this landscape--its ability to promote healthy community life, stronger identity and public health. The data consisted of observations conducted in January 2016 and analysed using Ahern’s (2007) cultural performance indicators. The results suggest that while this linear park successfully provides Irvine residents many opportunities for physical activity and diverse visual experiences, it fails to serve as social and communitybuilding infrastructure.

Developing Opportunities Of Bicycle Tourism Between Budapest And Lake Balaton, Beáta Stefanics

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

This paper is written about a method of developing bicycle tourism and one day circular cycle routes between Budapest and Lake Balaton, between the two main tourist destinations in Hungary. There is a significant interest in that topic because of the 1364/2011. (XI. 8.) Governmental Decision about the need to develop bike routes, which says that the Budapest–Balaton path has the priority in governmental development. My study area is assigned by the proposed Budapest–Balaton cycle path of the National Spatial Plan (Országos Területrendezési Terv) and its surroundings which is enclosed by the boundaries of the settlements within 10 kilometers (6,2 …

Improving Urban Greenways Using James Rose’S Theories Of Integration, Claudia Stoll

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

After an insightful discussion with my peers regarding the theories of landscape urbanism, we concluded that many of the concepts are not new, but were perhaps extrapolated from landscape design principles well known to us. Throughout the discussion, I could not help but think back on my previous research about the mid-century modern landscape architect, James Rose, who’s rebellious designs and intriguing publications spoke to larger concepts than purely form and design, unapologetically. His theories, although laced with humor and sarcasm, have many relevant applications in designing urban parks in cities today. His theories on the integration of indoors and …

Structural Soil In Dense City Areas - Functions And Chances For Urban Greenway Development, Marzena Suchocka, Henryk Kociel

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

The densest parts of cities, parts with the most infrastructure, are losing green areas and trees. The majority of urban site conditions for trees often do not provide them with enough opportunity for healthy growth and development and allow only a few years of vegetation. Visible symptoms of health issues in trees are usually lesions within the crown or stem and are mainly due to the impact of unfavourable factors which have been exerted upon the root system. The most severe causes of poor health in trees are associated with the intense growing environment in urban areas and damaging impact …

Pressing Challenges In China’S Greenway Planning And Design: Promoting Or Diminishing Cultural Identities And Values?, Hongbing Tang

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Greenways are networks of land containing linear elements that are planned, designed and managed for multiple purposes including ecological, recreational, cultural, aesthetic, or other purposes compatible with the concept of sustainable land use (Ahern, 1995). The greenway movement is a new concept that integrates many established landscape architectural, planning and design ideas, concepts, and implementation techniques. (Fabos, 1995).

This paper is primarily focused on pressing challenges in the greenway movement taking place in many parts of China that are out of cultural and historic contexts, resulting in diminishing cultural identities and values. It attempts to re-examine the greenway planning strategies …

The Garden Kingdom Of Dessau-Wörlitz As An Example For The Management Of A Historical Monument, Heike Tenzer

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Located between the Bauhaus town of Dessau and Lutherstadt Wittenberg, the Garden Kingdom of Dessau-Wörlitz covers an area of about 145 square kilometres; equivalent to about one quarter of its original size in the 18th/19th century.

The Garden Kingdom of Dessau-Wörlitz is the largest area of an historical cultural landscape in Saxony-Anhalt. Former research projects were focused on the design and constructional highlights of the cultural landscape, which means: castles, small structures, historic town centers and parks. The landscape which is situated between those constructions was assessed partially due to landscape planning values.

Between those different evaluations it lacked the …

Greenways As Linear Components Of Green Infrastructure In Rural Agricultural Landscapes Of South-Western Slovakia, Attila Tóth

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Greenways are important linking elements of green infrastructure systems in rural cultural landscapes. Their significance markedly increases in agricultural landscapes, since green networks and systems are very often limited to linear structures in this particular type of landscape. Greenways can therefore be crucial green infrastructure components in intensively farmed arable-land matrixes. The uniqueness of the presented research consists in the focus on sustainability and resilience benefits provided by greenways in agricultural landscapes. Greenways and green infrastructure improve the overall environmental resilience of farmed landscapes towards climate change and extreme environmental events, such as long lasting drought and erosion of fertile …

Sustainable Urban Planning And Climate Change Scenarios: An Investigation Of Staten Island's Urban Planning, Melissa Wagner, Lauren E. Gentile, Joanna Merson, Elizabeth Wentz

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Recent events like Hurricane Sandy, which struck Staten Island, NY on October 29, 2012, serve as a costly reminder of how unsustainable designs and mounting social pressures can contribute to extensive structural damage and subsequent financial cost, from storm surge inundation and coastal flooding. It is unlikely that Hurricane Sandy was a one-time event but rather a warning of what can occur over the next century without proper mitigation strategies. Based on climate change projections, such extreme events are expected to become more frequent and intense due to warmer sea surface temperatures and rising sea levels (Emmanual, 2005; Kirtman et. …

Novel Urban Waterfront Ecosystem Services Evaluation, Monitoring And Improving Strategies, Zhang Wei, Jack Ahern

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

The urban waterfront is the interface between urban areas and their adjacent water (Timur, 2013). Urban waterfronts have historically been the hub of transportation, trade and commerce. In the 20th century, many cities evolved from a manufacturing or trade economy to a service industry economy – often abandoning their waterfronts in the process, with common environmental problems, and creating the opportunity and need to reconceive the waterfronts (Smith et al., 2012). In the early 21st century, the waterfront regeneration trend has continued, often with a broader view of restoring and improving urban waterfront ecosystem services.

Here we suggest that this …

Design Strategy Of Community Greenway Connectivity Of High-Density Urban Asia – A Case Study On Beijing, Zhengwang Wu, Yanhui Wang

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

In the high-density Asian cities which expand rapidly and witness explosive growth in population, the construction of urban community greenways can effectively mitigate the heavy pressure that human beings impose on natural and humanistic environment. In Beijing, poor connectivity is one of the major challenges community greenway construction faces. This paper performs a field survey on the established community greenways in Beijing and their surrounding communities, finding that greenway connectivity is affected by the problems like interference with motorways and unsound greenway planning system in development process. The survey analysis demonstrates that the poor connectivity of community greenways is embodied …

Flexible Space Design Of Community Greenways In Temperate Zone Of Asia -- Beijing Case Study, Zhengwang Wu, Yuting Han

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Heavy traffic, poor air environment and fast-paced city lifestyles are a growing major problem for residents in Beijing. Beijing is a place for people‘s daily work but almost nobody use the word liveable to describe it. In view of the common diseases of urbanization above, it is time to use greenways planning to improve Beijing living environment.

According to China's major cities traffic analysis report of AutoNavi in 2015, the Beijingers possess strong time-saving consciousness. (AutoNavi Traffic Big Data, 2016). At the same time, it is concluded from the questionnaire investigated by the Sina microblog in 2012, the need of …

Art In Parks: Seeing With Fresh Eyes, Charles L. Tracy

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

As the U.S. National Park Service (NPS) celebrates its centennial in 2016, it has been challenged anew to respond to changing demographics and to stay relevant to the changing needs of 21st century park visitors. How can parks, trails and other protected public spaces continue to serve as places of sanctuary and recreation while providing opportunities for reflecting on and even encouraging dialogue on issues that hold relevance to Americans? There is a growing realization within NPS and other federal land managing agencies of the need to be more proactive and creative in their community outreach and in addressing relevant …

Planning And Design Of Urban Green Networks In Stockholm, Na Xiu, Maria Ignatieva, Cecil Konijnendijk Van Den Bosch

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Green and blue spaces, together with other land use changes are determining factors of habitat fragmentation, biodiversity loss and decline of ecosystem services in urbanized areas (Adriaensen et al., 2003; Collinge, 1996; Kong et al., 2010; Teng et al., 2011). In attempt to tackle the issue, network connectivity is regarded as a suitable approach from an ecological (CookVan Lier, 1994) and social perspective (Teng et al., 2011). Landscape-scale connectivity is normally built on a ‘patch-corridor-matrix’ model to describe structural or functional continuity in a spatial and time configuration (FormanGodron, 1986). A graph-theoretic approach therefore can provide an operable way of …

A Systematic Review Of Landscape Corridor Conservation And Management In Europe, Haiyun Xu, Tobias Plieninger, Jørgen Primdahl

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Since EU Commission initiated Green Infrastructure (GI) strategy, an important step has been taken to help public to understand benefits of nature, such as providing food, clean air, and water resource. Besides, Green Infrastructure plays an important role in climate regulation, stormwater prevention, sustaining biodiversity. And its recreational function is also valuable for human society. Therefore, it is necessary to invest more resources in Green Infrastructure to develop, maintain and sustain it (Green Infrastructure COM, 2013).

Green Infrastructure is planned as a strategically network of natural and seminatural areas with environmental functions and its elements are designed and managed to …

A Method For Analyzing Open Space Improvements In Urban Environments: A Budapest Case Study, Fruzsina Zelenák, Attila Szűz, Péter István Balogh, Andrea Dúll, Kinga Szilágyi

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

The structure of space and use of urban open spaces in Budapest’s city centre have been significantly transformed during the last decade. In the years of the millenary, vehicles dominated the historical streets and squares, but today it is possible and even desirable to walk along the central section of downtown. The area is liveable for the city users again. The inner parts of the capital have been renewed as part of the ‘Heart of Budapest Programme’, which aimed to strengthen the administrative, commercial and cultural role of the city centre. The Programme focused on the reduction of the transit …

On The Possibility Of Extending The European Green Belt To The Hungarian-Romanian Border Region, Zoltán Zakota, Tamás Z. Zakota

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

In our present paper we make an attempt to put together some relevant information, based mainly on regional statistics and administrative data, in order to outline a blueprint of a greenway plan for the Hungarian-Romanian border area that could be able to create more opportunities for the sustainable development of the region through the green belt development. The target-area consists of eight counties, four on each side of the common border: Szabolcs- Szatmár-Bereg, Hajdú-Bihar, Békés and Csongrád in Hungary, respectively Satu Mare, Bihor, Arad and Timiș in Romania. Protection of nature and, in general, environment is an important issue because …

The Role Of Culture In Greenway Planning: Focus On Islamic-Persian Garden Characteristics In The Uk And The Usa, Fatemeh Shahani, Julie Rudner

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

For more than a decade, planners have been concerned about green spaces to achieve sustainability in both environmental/ecological and cultural/social issues. Urban planning processes provide methods of consultation that incorporate community views to create complex built forms in urban environment for diverse cultures, needs and values. The use of multicultural ideas in planning or decision-making can change the nature of city life (Fincher, Iveson, Leitner, & Preston, 2014). In a multicultural society, greenways have great potential for providing a social and cultural network, which integrate people with diverse ethnics and perspectives when they are developed in partnership with different groups …

Monitoring Suburban Nature Trail Visitors And Their Attitudes To Voluntary Trail Maintenance In Sapporo, Japan, Tetsuya Aikoh, Tzuchi Wei, Tasuku Kamei

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Recreational greenways, including walking trails, comprise one of the major categories of greenways (Fábos, 1995). Among the benefits provided by urban biodiversity are those people obtain from visiting nature trails in suburban forests. Managers need precise data, including data about usage levels, demands, and visitor satisfaction to demonstrate the importance of trails, and examine management measures. As challenges, managers also face a lack of funding and staff shortages in managing and maintaining the trails, having increasingly come to rely on volunteers for management. Alongside increasing interest, local stakeholders and visitors have progressively become expected to play a larger role in …

Evaluation Of Parks In Bartin-Turkey: Need For Green Infrastructure Approach, Mustafa Artar

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Due to rapid increase on population and construction for urbanization, cities of 21 century change rapid and dynamically. As the lands in different characters of cities change and spoil the character known is also changing. At this point landscape features which affect the infrastructure within green spaces and waterscapes have important limiting role on urban development. Recent years climate change became an important topic and it brought the discussions on water management and green infrastructure issues. Green infrastructure (GI) approach is a trending subject for experts of urban development, landscape management and urban health. The European Landscape Convention (ELC) seeks …

Green Network In Urban Pressure, Eszter Bakay, Kinga Szilágyi

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Budapest is a lucky city from an urban ecological point. Thanks to the Danube cutting through the middle of the city the ventilation of downtown is adequate. The existence of this natural waterflow offers a good possibility to create a green-blue infrastructure, which can be realized in the near future by turning the Pest side embankment partially into recreational open spaces. In spite of the favourable location the air quality of Budapest is often below the critical level, first of all in the city center. Though this unfavourable situation has numerous components- first of all the difficult traffic related problems …

Riverfront Planning Initiatives In Upstate New York: The Cases Of Kingston, Albany And Schenectady, Carlos Balsas

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Waterfront locations have traditionally been perceived as possessing special qualities from real estate, urbanity and tourism perspectives. Many cities have developed on waterfronts and some of their most notable urban fabrics face waterbodies – rivers, canals, creeks, lakes or seas. Some small and mediumsized riverfront cities have been able to conserve or adapt their industrial era cultural heritage to new uses. In many cases, tourism has taken advantage of those locations for recreation, sports and community-oriented open-air events on the land-water interface (Bray, 1993; Kostopoulou, 2013). This paper provides a brief analysis of how three cities in upstate New York …

Greenbelts – Planning Instruments And Landscape Structure – A European Perspective, Agata Cieszewska, Joanna Adamczyk

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Since 100 years the concept of planning tools addressed to control the urban sprawl has concentrated on open space protection around metropolitan cities. This has been applied using various green structures i.e.: belts, hearts, wedges or system of protected open spaces. The common element of these tools to control the urban sprawl is open spaces protection. Numerous applications in different natural and economic conditions create great potential for planners to adapt the concept (Cieszewska 2012, Cieszewska, Adamczyk 2014). Open spaces that preserve unbuilt part of metropolis fulfil four main functions: productive, environmental, recreational and ecological. The main question posed by …

The Role Of The Greenways In The Harmonization Of Urban-Rural Relation In Hungary, Edina Dancsokné Fóris, Ágnes Sallay

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

The decrease in the population of villages and the growth of cities is a global phenomenon, also present in Hungary. In inner peripheries, regions that most often lack cities, the ageing of the population and the emptying of the villages has begun. These regions are uniquely affected by regional development and rural development in terms of both economics and demographics. A significant step in creating cohesion between the advanced urban areas and the declining rural areas is the improvement of infrastructure (Csatári). We believe that greenways, as parts of the networks of infrastructure and green infrastructure, may play a significant …

The Potential Of Cemeteries To Improve Urban Green Infrastructure - A Case Study In Nitra, Slovakia, Denisa Halajová, Mária Bihuňová, Štefan Lančarič

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Cemeteries comprise a significant area of green space in many cities, are located in prominent locations and are an important element of green infrastructure. Cemeteries offer additional value in the context of their historical and spiritual dimensions. The article is focused on the assessment of the current status of the greenery in five selected cemeteries in the town of Nitra. According to the analyses, we will point at the importance of the cemetery’s greenery in a city. Authors emphasize hidden potential of the greenery represented by recreational use and connections to the green infrastructure of the city and take into …

Assessing The Economic Benefits Of Multi-Use Trails And Greenways: A Case Study Into The Tammany Trace Rail-Trail In St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, U.S.A., Hagen Thames Hammons

Proceedings of the Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning

Multi-use trails are becoming an economic catalyst and vital contributor to the quality of life for communities all across the world. This paper takes these factors as a basis into a case study on the Tammany Trace (herafter, ’the Trace’), rail-to-trail conversion in St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, U.S.A. The study looks into how the region and local communities have benefited from the facility by collecting and presenting the data from the following objectives:

⎯ Present the existing conditions and perceptions of the Trace through mapping techniques and feedback from interviews with local leaders.

⎯ Conduct an intercept survey on Trace …