Architecture Commons^™

Tricritical Point As A Crossover Between Type-Is And Type-Iis Bifurcations, Prabakaran Rajamanickam, Joel Daou

Progress in Scale Modeling, an International Journal

A tricritical point as a crossover between (stationary finite-wavelength) type-I_s and (stationary longwave) type-II_s bifurcations is identified in the study of diffusive-thermal (Turing) instability of flames propagating in a Hele-Shaw channel in a direction transverse to a shear flow. Three regimes exhibiting different scaling laws are identified in the neighbourhood of the tricritical point. For these three regimes, sixth-order partial differential equations are obtained governing the weakly nonlinear evolution of unstable solutions near the onset of instability. These sixth-order PDES may be regarded as the substitute for the classical fourth-order Kuramoto­­­­­­–­­Sivashinsky equation which is not applicable near the …

Self-Reported Consumption Of Bottled Water V. Tap Water In Appalachian And Non-Appalachian Kentucky, Jason W. Marion

Journal of Appalachian Health

Introduction: Quantitative studies on drinking water perceptions in Appalachia are limited. High-profile water infrastructure failures in the U.S. and Eastern Kentucky, coupled with human-made and natural disasters in the Appalachian Region, have likely impacted opinions regarding tap water.

Purpose: To use existing unexplored data to describe baseline tap water v. bottled water consumption in Kentucky.

Methods: Telephone-based cross-sectional data were obtained from the 2013 Kentucky Health Issues Poll (KHIP) directed by the Foundation for a Healthy Kentucky. Among many items in KHIP, self-reported consumption of bottled water over tap water, reasons for bottled water use, and demographic data were obtained. …

Scale Model Experiments Of Toxic Gas Production From The Combustion Of Polymers When Applied With Different Droplet Sizes Of Water Mist, Nicharee Thinnakornsutubutr, Masayuki Mizuno, Kazunori Kuwana

Progress in Scale Modeling, an International Journal

This research experimentally investigated the combustion of polymeric materials with water mist application in an enclosure, with an emphasis on the production of toxic gases. Two different diameters, ~100 and ~260 μm, were tested. The experimental conditions were determined based on Froude similarity laws for low drop Reynolds number conditions. Droplets and polymers’ physical and chemical properties influence the burning/extinguishing behavior and toxic-gas evolution. In general, larger droplets can extinguish a fire in a shorter time, and toxic gas concentrations in a test chamber decreased more rapidly. However, the large droplets tended to cause the flame expansion phenomenon for thermoplastics …

A Simplified Model For The Intermediate Structure Of Strong Fire Whirls, Forman A. Williams

Progress in Scale Modeling, an International Journal

A model is described for the overall structure of intense fire whirls, based on a spatially evolving vortex, with circulation enhancement driven by the axial acceleration of low-density gas in the core through the axial pressure gradient. The axial acceleration increases the entrainment rate into the core which, through mass conservation, increases the circulation if the angle between the tangential and radial velocity components remains fixed. The two-zone model employs general balance equations for regions inside and outside a cylinder of fixed radius, each inviscid, the inside region being presumed to have a constant density small compared with the (constant) …

Reduced-Scale Experiments And Numerical Simulations Of Informal Settlement Dwelling Fires, Vigneshwaran Narayanan, Antonio Cicicone, Ayden D. Botha, Richard Shaun Walls

Progress in Scale Modeling, an International Journal

Informal settlement dwellings (ISDs) house approximately one billion people in the developing world and this number is expected to double by the year 2030. Contemporary research on ISD fires has focused on understanding the fire dynamics within individual dwellings (micro-scale) and fire spread in settlements consisting of multiple dwellings (macro-scale). This paper aims to do two primary things: investigate if scaling methods that were derived for compartments with thermally thick boundaries can be applied to ISDs (compartments with thermally thin boundaries), and if they can adequately represent the most important phenomena associated with full-scale ISD fires; and demonstrate Fire Dynamics …

Open-Field Scale-Model Experiments Of Fire Whirls Over L-Shaped Line Fires, Yuto Iga, Kazunori Kuwana, Kozo Sekimoto, Yuji Nakamura

Progress in Scale Modeling, an International Journal

This paper presents the results of open-field scale-model experiments of fire-whirl formation over line fires. L-shaped line fires were burned in crosswinds, and the processes of fire-whirl formation were observed. The flame height was measured using an image-processing technique, while two-dimensional velocity components were measured at two different locations using ultrasonic anemometers. Two tests were selected for comparison: test A, in which intense fire whirls repeatedly formed, and test B, in which no whirls were observed. In test A, the wind flow was bent by the fire plume, creating swirling flows near the burning area, thereby forming fire whirls. On …

Effect Of Reduced Plume Entrainment On The Burning Rate Of Porous Fuel Beds, Sara Mcallister

Progress in Scale Modeling, an International Journal

Large outdoor fires often exhibit unexpected fire behavior, particularly compared with much smaller fires. Understanding the difference between large- and small-scale fires is of importance for both fire behavior predictions and safety. Large fires are often characterized by very tall plumes that can extend to the stratosphere. Particularly as the actively burning area increases, plumes in large-scale fires likely entrain relatively little and may act in a similar fashion to a chimney. To explore the possible changes in burning rate due to the chimney effect, experiments were conducted with wood cribs burned with a chimney of variable height. The burning …

Extinguishment Of Diffusion Flames Formed Over A Porous Plate Burner Using Rubber Balloons Filled With Inert Gases, Hiroyuki Torikai, Shinya Kudo

Progress in Scale Modeling, an International Journal

We have proposed an inert gas, rubber-balloon extinguishing method which might increase the effectiveness of extinguishing flames and decreasing the amounts of agents needed for fire suppression. Hence, extinguishing experiments have been performed to further clarify possible extinguishing characteristics, mechanisms and scaling effects of this method. Carbon dioxide, nitrogen, argon and helium gases were used as the extinguishing agents. Methane-air and propane-air diffusion flames were formed on two different diameter, round porous plate burner and used as the targets for extinguishment. The extinguishing probabilities were measured, and the extinguishing processes were observed with a high-speed camera. As a result, an …

Data-Driven Tools Guided By First-Principles For Scale Modeling, Sadegh Poozesh

Progress in Scale Modeling, an International Journal

For decades, traditional scale-modeling techniques have been relying on first-principles models (FPMs). FPMs have been used to find non-dimensional numbers (PIs) and identify normalized underlying forces and energies behind the phenomenon in focus. The two main challenges with FPM-based PIs extraction are finding the relevant PIs and proper correlations between PIs. The emergence and surge of data-driven modeling (DDM) provide a new opportunity to leverage experimental data in model development across scales/plants. In this paper, first, the two mentioned issues in PIs development will be elaborated to reveal the gap, and second, a new insight into scale modeling and similarity …

Cracking During Flame Spread Over Pyrolyzing Solids, Yen Nguyen, Indrek S. Wichman, Thomas J. Pence

Progress in Scale Modeling, an International Journal

A theoretical and numerical model for the degradation of solid materials in combustion is developed. As solid materials are heated by the flame, they undergo an internal thermo- chemical breakdown process known as pyrolysis. As the pyrolysis front propagates into the sample, a charring layer is left behind which contains voids, fractures and defects. Cracks propagate to release tensile stresses accumulated when the sample is losing mass. The crack front may precede the pyrolysis front into the sample. Crack patterns and fracture behaviors vary depending on material properties and heating level and distribution. Cracks cause loss of material integrity by …

Towards Scaling Laws For Ddt In Obstructed Channels, Elaine S. Oran, Vadim N. Gamezo

Progress in Scale Modeling, an International Journal

In a coal mine, natural gas can leak through walls and accumulate in enclosed regions that are no longer being mined or ventilated. If there is an accidental spark in the region containing this gas, it can ignite a flame that may transition to detonation (DDT). An important problem is to assess if, when, and where DDT can occur, and thus provide information needed to design strong enough barriers to protect active mining areas. We describe results of numerical simulations of flame acceleration and DDT in obstacle-laden channels to find a scaling law for 𝐿_DDT, the distance the …

Similitude Theory Applied To Plates In Vibroacoustic Field: A Review Up To 2020, Alessandro Casaburo, Giuseppe Petrone, Francesco Franco, Sergio De Rosa

Progress in Scale Modeling, an International Journal

Similitude methods are a set of tools which allow the design of scaled-up or scaled-down models of a full-scale structure called a prototype. In this way, the financial and temporal costs of experimental tests, and the problems associated with the set-up of too large (or small) test articles, may be overcome. This article provides a brief review of similitude methods applied to plates in a vibroacoustic field. Particularly, it is dedicated to a thorough analysis of similitude conditions and scaling laws for uncovering commonalities and differences, and physical interpretations, obtained from applying different scaling methods.

Scaling Considerations For Fire Whirls, Forman A. Williams

Progress in Scale Modeling, an International Journal

This brief report, based on a presentation made at the Eighth International Symposium on Scale Modeling, held in Portland, Oregon, in September of 2017, summarizes and evaluates different methods for classifying fire whirls and their scaling laws. It is indicated that a number of relevant non-dimensional parameters are known for fire whirls, and future scale-modeling experiments could provide useful additional information and insights.

Scaling Realistic Fire Scenarios, James G. Quintiere

Progress in Scale Modeling, an International Journal

A review is made of work on scale modeling in fire and presented from the experience of the author. Primarily, scale modeling in air is discussed but there is a brief discussion of a scale model with salt and fresh water for smoke movement. A complete set of dimensionless groups is presented for fire, then it is illustrated how selections were made for the partial scaling of specific fire scenarios. Studies have been motivated by basic research interests as well as for fire investigations. The dynamics of floorcovering fire spread in a corridor is studied to reveal many features of …

The Future Of The History Of Design, Patrick Lucas, Helen Turner, Trey Conatser

Greater Faculties: A Review of Teaching and Learning

No abstract provided.

Constructing Community: An Exhibition Of The Voices Of Goodloetown, Patrick Hobgood

Kaleidoscope

This project presents four distinct voices of a Lexington community through the physical manifestation of an exhibition. The voices, consisting of maps, scholars, the press, and local residents, will be extracted and displayed as separate entities. It will be the role of the audience to put the abstracted pieces back together and to construct Goodloetown as a community. The humanities moves forward from feelings that are universally human and understands their meaning through investigation expressed through the arts. By specifically addressing two areas of social activity within Goodloe, the church and the garage, the project documents a fraction of the …

Voices Of Home In Bluegrass-Aspendale: Constructing The Ideal, Matthew Clarke

Kaleidoscope

This paper explores how different people view the idea of Home by tracing the history of Bluegrass-Aspendale, a public housing project in Lexington, Kentucky. From its opening in 1938 as one the first public housing projects in the country, to its destruction in 2006 by way of a HOPE VI grant, the site has undergone continuous evolution. Situated within the East End neighborhood, a largely African-American community, Bluegrass-Aspendale represents the challenge of urban renewal through the manipulation of housing opportunities. At times espoused as model housing and at others as a collector of crime and destitution, the 571 units demonstrate …

An Emerging Vocabulary: Architecture Of Performance, Jeremy H. Stock

Kaleidoscope

Re-chartered at the University of Kentucky in 2005, the Triangle Fraternity – a brotherhood of students studying Architecture, Engineering, and Sciences – now seeks to establish a visible presence by building a new fraternity house on-campus. To enable this investigation, professors Gregory Luhan, Peyman Jahed, and Bruce Walcott developed a design + energy studio experience that provided a framework for an integrated design team to use a systems-thinking approach to generate a range of scalable, net-zero energy prototypes. These prototypes can be applied in a variety of contexts and have the potential to address larger issues, such as energy efficiency …

Mapping As Performing Place, Aslihan Senel

disClosure: A Journal of Social Theory

Mapping is an emerging act in contemporary discourse to understand, criticize, and re-imagine complex cultural, social, and physical relationships in the built environment. Maps are documents nearly as old as the human history in representing the relationships of people to land. Yet, mapping rather than map-making is a newly created concept as an alternative way of thinking about this relationship. Mapping refers less to a representation than a performance, in which the maker, place, and the product redefine, reposition and reproduce each other in the process. Mapping may allow developing an embodied and critical understanding of place, which is continuously …

Collective Counter Cartography From Prinzessinnengarten, Berlin, Gabriel Wulff

disClosure: A Journal of Social Theory

No abstract provided.

A Schizocartography Of The University Of Leeds: Cognitively Mapping The Campus, Tina Richardson

disClosure: A Journal of Social Theory

Since 2009 I have been walking and mapping the University of Leeds (United Kingdom) campus as part of the research for my thesis which I shall be submitting shortly. While not a cartographer, nor artist, I am a psychogeographer: someone who studies and critiques the urban environment using walking as part of the methodology.While this mapping aspect of my thesis sits within a larger project of critiquing the historical use and acquisition of campus space by the university, the cartographical part stands in its own right. Some of the examples provided in this essay are created as a response to …

Designed To Densify: A Study Of The Netherlands Government Impact On Architecture, Melissa E. Long, Kyle Mcgrath, Ben Kolder

Kaleidoscope

No abstract provided.

Clunia: Excavating A Roman Provincial Amphitheatre, Christopher Walz

Kaleidoscope

No abstract provided.

Process Of Writing, Process Of Design, Marc Gannon

Kaleidoscope

No abstract provided.

The Design Of A Psychiatric Residential Treatment Facility In Wheelwright, Kentucky Serving Adolescent Males, Jenna Clem

Kaleidoscope

During the spring semester of 2010, I have been working on the design of a psychiatric residential treatment facility in Wheelwright, Kentucky as part of the requirements for ID 659, Interior Design Graduate Studio. I am a senior, but was allowed permission to enroll in this class because of my interest in research-based design. The facility will offer therapy services in a home environment for seven adolescents between the ages of ten and seventeen. This paper describes the process that I followed throughout the design process and the specific issues that were addressed in the final solution. The design process …

Interrogating 'Experience': Phenomenology, Architecture And Erudition. Disclosure Interviews Mark Jarzombek., Mathias Detamore, Lauren Martin

disClosure: A Journal of Social Theory

No abstract provided.

Urban Fabric: Lexington's New Courthouse Plaza, Beth Diamond, Krista L. Schneider

disClosure: A Journal of Social Theory

No abstract provided.

Non-Places: The Everyday Experience Of Flows, Gilles Delalex

disClosure: A Journal of Social Theory

No abstract provided.

Lexington's Wolf Wile Department Store: A Mid-Century Achievement In Urban Architecture, Patrick Lee Lucas

The Kentucky Review

No abstract provided.

Ashland Park: A Sympathetic Bungalow Environment, Clay Lancaster

The Kentucky Review

No abstract provided.