Architecture Commons^™

Interdisciplinary Design - Forming And Evaluating Teams, Allen Estes, Brent Nuttall, Jill Nelson P.E., Margot Mcdonald, Gregory F. Starzyk Jd

Architectural Engineering

The College of Architecture and Environmental Design at California Polytechnic State University has offered an upper division, interdisciplinary experience for every student in the form of a project based, team oriented five unit studio laboratory. The course is now in its fifth year and requires small teams of architecture, engineering and construction students to complete the schematic level design of an actual building for a real client. The quality of the projects and student deliverables has been outstanding and students are clearly meeting the objective to prepare an integrated building design. The other course objective is to function as a …

A Structural Engineering Master's Program -- The Trials And Tribulations, Cole C. Mcdaniel, Allen Estes

Architectural Engineering

This paper is specifically intended for the advertised session in the CE Division on “current issues affecting graduate CE programs such as double dipping, accreditation of masters programs, combined MS/BS degree, research versus practice oriented masters degrees, etc.” California Polytechnic State University in San Luis Obispo (Cal Poly) is a predominately undergraduate university. Cal Poly has recently expanded master’s level graduate programs to support advanced education and faculty-student professional development opportunities. The Architectural Engineering Department in the College of Architecture and Environmental Design (CAED) started a structural engineering master’s degree program six years ago and has graduated five separate classes. …

Teaching Archtecture, Engineering And Construction Disciplines: Using Various Pedagogical Styles To Unify The Learning Process, Jill Nelson, John W. Lawson

Architectural Engineering

The Architectural Engineering Department at the California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo (Cal Poly) teaches introductory sophomore level statics and mechanics of materials courses to students in three departments in the College of Architecture and Environmental Design. These courses are unique in that students in the Architectural Engineering Department share coursework with students in the Architecture and Construction Management Departments. While learning and problem solving in these multidisciplinary courses have many advantages, they also offer many challenges. The learning preference of the students in these three distinctly different disciplines requires a fresh approach to the course structure. The courses …

Performance Of No Vibration / No Admixture Masonry Grout Containing High Replacement Of Portland Cement With Fly Ash And Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag, James P. Mwangi, Craig V. Baltimore Dr, Eric W. Bateman

Architectural Engineering

When hollow concrete masonry is used for construction in high seismic regions, structural designs typically require fully grouted walls. For a fully grouted 203x203x406 mm (8x8x16) concrete masonry unit (CMU), 52 percent of total volume is grout. Grouting process is labor-intensive, time consuming and has a high energy demand due to requirements of consolidation in each and subsequent grout lifts. Self-consolidating grout with admixtures has been successfully used without segregation in walls of up to 3.86 m (12.67 ft.) in height. Investigation of self-consolidating grout mixes without admixtures has potential for sustainability improvement. This paper reports on the compression strength …

Cal Poly Brocade Challenge 2013, Chandler Morehardt, Alexa Coburn, Juan Silva, Kerry Sun, Greg Wang, Raul Chagoya, Jd Torres

Architectural Engineering

No abstract provided.

Collective Chord Behavior In Large Flexible Diaphragms, J. W. Lawson, C. N. Yarber

Architectural Engineering

The seismic behavior of large low-rise buildings with rigid walls and flexible diaphragms will be dominated more by the diaphragm’s seismic response than by the very stiff vertical walls. For practitioners, estimating the stiffness of large flexible diaphragms is important for computing building setbacks from property lines and adjacent structures as well as evaluating structural integrity under seismic loads. In addition, researchers attempting to accurately model a building’s dynamic behavior need to assemble an accurate diaphragm stiffness prediction. The traditional diaphragm chord model consists of a single continuous line of axial resistance at the diaphragm boundaries; however, as this paper …

Offshore Anchor Piles Under Mooring Forces: Centrifuge Modeling, Mohamed I. Ramadan, Stephen D. Butt, Radu Popescu

Architectural Engineering

Offshore anchor piles are seafloor moorings that keep the position of floating structures during a harsh environment. These piles are usually subjected to a wide range of monotonic and cyclic lateral-to-oblique pullout forces. Centrifuge tests were carried out to study the behavior of offshore anchor piles under mooring forces in saturated dense sand. The tests were carried out at different loading angles. All piles were jacked into the sand bed in-flight. The pile models were instrumented with strain gauges. Bending moment, soil pressure, and pile lateral deflection profiles are presented and discussed. It was found that there is a significant …

Structural Engineering Students For Haiti: A Student-Run, Student-Initiated Organization For The Benefit Of The Haitian People, Andrew Jimenez, Alex Daddow

Architectural Engineering

On August 2nd 2012, a group of 10 students from Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo traveled to Léogâne, Haiti to construct a bell tower for the Saint Rose de Lima Parish. The trip consisted of four days of construction, and three days of touring. The seven days in Haiti were a result of three months of planning by a student-run, student-initiated group called Structural Engineering Students for Haiti, or SESH. The following report documents the planning, execution and lessons learned from this trip. The planning included everything from fund raising to disease prevention. The trip was successful because the bell …

Cal Poly 2013 Brocade Challenge Project Report: Efficient Data Center Design, Kevin Miller

Architectural Engineering

No abstract provided.

Offshore Anchor Piles Under Mooring Forces: Numerical Modeling, Mohamed I. Ramadan, Stephen D. Butt, Radu Popescu

Architectural Engineering

A parametric study was carried out to study the behavior of offshore anchor piles under mooring forces in dense sand using a three dimensional (3-D) finite element model (FEM). The Mohr–Coulomb plastic model has been used to model the soil, and has been calibrated based on the centrifuge tests discussed in a Ph.D. thesis (published by Ramadan in 2011). The selection of model parameters and comparison of calibrated results with the centrifuge test results are discussed. In the parametric study, different pile lengths and diameters were considered to have different pile–soil rigidities. The pile was loaded at different load inclination …

Significance Of Geotechnical Loads On Local Buckling Response Of Buried Pipelines With Respect To Conventional Practice, Hiva Mahdavi, Shawn Kenny, Ryan Phillips, Radu Popescu

Architectural Engineering

Long-term large deformation geohazards can impose excessive deformation on a buried pipeline. The ground displacement field may initiate pipeline deformation mechanisms that exceed design acceptance criteria with respect to serviceability requirements or ultimate limit states. The conventional engineering approach to define the mechanical performance of pipelines has been based on combined loading events for in-air conditions. This methodology may be conservative, as it ignores the soil effect that imposes geotechnical loads, and also provides restraint, on buried pipelines. The importance of pipeline–soil interaction and load-transfer mechanisms that may affect local buckling of buried pipelines is not well understood. A three-dimensional …

Roof Drainage: Not My Problem ... Maybe, John Lawson

Architectural Engineering

Many structural engineers are surprised to learn that the International Building Code (IBC, 2009) requires the roof structure to be engineered for standing water weight in the vicinity of the drains and scuppers regardless of roof slope. In addition, some low-slope roofs also require special attention for water weight and stiffness for safety against ponding failures or protection against accelerated roofing deterioration. With a mixture of overlapping design disciplines between the architect, plumbing consultant and structural engineer, proper roof drainage is often not fully addressed in building design and can lead to catastrophic collapse.

The author has been involved as …

Cal Viva: Assessing The Seismic Vulnerablility Of California's State-Owned Buildings, James Guthrie, Jill Nelson

Architectural Engineering

In the last 20 years, agencies and departments in the State of California have initiated seismic vulnerability programs for state-owned buildings with goals ranging from life safety to reduced post-earthquake disruption. Until now, there has not been an assessment of all state-owned buildings with the goal of identifying and assessing the seismic vulnerability of those buildings needed for response and recovery efforts after an earthquake.

The California Vital Infrastructure Vulnerability Assessment Project (Cal VIVA), sponsored by the California Emergency Management Agency (Cal EMA) and funded through FEMA, has developed a statewide approach to assessing the vulnerability of the state-owned building …

Instruction Manual: Photogrammetry As A Non-Contact Measurement System In Large Scale Structural Testing, Anahid A. Behrouzi, Rhu Li

Architectural Engineering

Photogrammetry is a non-contact measurement method that is being used in large scale structural experimentation to extract information about the overall geometry of the specimen as well as the XYZ motion of select points on the structure during testing. This is possible through the use of high-resolution still cameras that capture several photographs of the specimen and are processed using photogrammetric software. The following document will focus specifically on the application of PhotoModeler® as the image post-processing tool. This instruction manual aims to provide guidance to researchers who would like to adopt photogrammetric techniques to acquire experimental test data, especially …

Ten Years Of Abet Ec 2000: One Person's Reflections, Allen Estes

Architectural Engineering

ABET accreditation criteria changed substantially at the turn of the century changing from a prescriptive, curricular-based standard to an outcomes-based approach for accreditation. The new system named Engineering Criteria (EC) 2000 required engineering programs to consult with their constituencies to establish program objectives and outcomes that define what their graduates will attain several years after graduation and at the time of graduation, respectively. The accreditation process involves assessing the degree to which graduates are attaining these outcomes and objectives and using the results to make changes and continuously improve the program. Most engineering programs have now been through two cycles …

College And Industry Partnerships: The Samé, Tanzania Polytechnic And Weld Quality, Craig Baltimore, Allen C. Estes

Architectural Engineering

No abstract provided.

Civil Engineering Program Evaluator Reflections: The Most Recent Lessons Learned, Karl F. Meyer, Allen Estes, Paul Francis Mlakar

Architectural Engineering

For the 2011-2012 ABET accreditation cycle, a number of changes across the criteria have impacted the way in which programs must approach their accreditation efforts.1 The most significant change is related to the reporting of assessment activities and their use for program improvement. For the first time this year, assessment results of program educational objectives and student outcomes are reported in Criterion 4, Continuous Improvement. Additionally, there have been changes to the former Criterion 9, Program Criteria. The Program Criteria is no longer numbered, but more importantly, contains some fairly significant changes impacting the assessment of student performance. The changes …

Interdisciplinary Capstone Design: Architects, Structural Engineers, And Construction Managers, James Guthrie, Allen Estes, Jill Nelson, Brent Nuttall

Architectural Engineering

The College of Architecture and Environmental Design at California Polytechnic State University in San Luis Obispo is the only college in the nation that has departments of Architecture, Architectural Engineering, Construction Management and Landscape Architecture in the same college. The institution has a 60 year tradition of collaboration between the engineering, architecture and construction disciplines, particularly at the lower division level. To enhance this collaboration, the college committed to providing an upper division, interdisciplinary experience to every student in the form of a project based, team oriented five unit studio laboratory that every student would take. The course is now …

Revisions To Tilt-Up Concrete Building Design: The Backstory Behind Changes Encompassed In 2009 International Building Code, John W. Lawson

Architectural Engineering

The 2009 International Building Code (IBC) has in its scope some significant revisions that greatly affect the design of tilt-up concrete buildings, but to the lay engineer it appears that some of these provisions are a step backwards. With the IBC’s referencing standards including ACI 318-08 (concrete) and the 2008 NDS SDPWS (timber), these documents have significant changes that become effective with the adoption of the IBC. We as engineers expect building codes to advance the state of the art with each successive edition. The 2009 International Building Code (IBC) and the Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-08) …

Finite-Element Limit Analysis Of The Tucker High School Gymnasium Roof Failure, Peter T. Laursen, Edmond P. Saliklis

Architectural Engineering

The Randolph Tucker High School gymnasium roof failure of 1970 has received much scholarly attention. This study will provide a conclusion to a large body of previously published works by means of limit state analysis of the roof failure using state of the art parametric finite-element modeling. Parametric modeling within a general purpose finite-element analysis program allows for extremely rapid changes to the model because key terms are objects or parameters that can be adjusted internally by the program, rather than laboriously entered by the user. The failure of the roof was investigated by means of a limit state analysis, …

Spectral Amplification Of Seismic Motion Travelling Through Natural Sand Deposits, Pradipta Chakrabortty, Radu Popescu

Architectural Engineering

Guidelines for seismic spectral amplification are provided in current building codes based on soil strength/stiffness by means of seismic site class. However, current codes do not make a difference between fully saturated and unsaturated soil deposits and do not account for effects of soil heterogeneity on seismic amplification. This study investigates the effect of natural small scale soil heterogeneity and degree of saturation on spectral amplification by means of transient nonlinear finite element analyses. Only cohesionless soil (sand) is considered in this study. The effects of presence of a structure are also studied for soils with two different relative densities. …

Seismic Design Of Timber Panelized Roof Structures, John W. Lawson

Architectural Engineering

No abstract provided.

Wind Design Of Timber Panelized Roof Structures, Brian Vandenburgh, John W. Lawson

Architectural Engineering

No abstract provided.

Numerical Simulation Of Centrifuge Tests On Homogeneous And Heterogeneous Soil Models, Pradipta Chakrabortty, Radu Popescu

Architectural Engineering

Soil liquefaction is a major cause of seismic damage in cohessionless soil during earthquakes. From past numerical and experimental research it has been observed that more excess pore water pressure (EPWP) is generated during earthquakes in a heterogeneous soil deposit than in the corresponding homogeneous soil with relative density equal to the average relative density of the heterogeneous soil. This interesting phenomenon is investigated here, by numerically simulating centrifuge experiments of seismically induced soil liquefaction using the finite element code DYNAFLOW. Two centrifuge tests are numerically simulated here: one in homogeneous soil and another in heterogeneous soil. Recorded experimental results …

Investigating Pipeline–Soil Interaction Under Axial–Lateral Relative Movements In Sand, Nasser Daiyan, Shawn Kenny, Ryan Phillips, Radu Popescu

Architectural Engineering

This paper presents results from an experimental and numerical study on the axial–lateral interaction of pipes with dense sand. A series of centrifuge tests were conducted, with a rigid pipeline displaced in the horizontal plane in a cohesionless test bed. The relative pipe–soil interaction included axial, lateral, and oblique loading events. A three-dimensional continuum finite element model was developed using ABAQUS/Standard (Hibbitt et al. 2005) software. The numerical model was calibrated against experimental results. A parametric study was conducted, using the calibrated finite element model to extend the investigations. The ultimate axial and lateral soil loading was found …

Mixing Numbers And Letters: Collaboration Between Engineering And English To Improve Graduate Student Work, Craig Baltimore, Deborah Wilhelm, Mary Forte, Pamalee Brady

Architectural Engineering

This paper will describe the issues and process of developing an introductory course in graduate writing and communication skills in conjunction with the industry of professional consulting engineering. The course was developed through a collaboration of English and engineering faculty and the collaboration is maintained in the teaching of the course. Innovative techniques incorporated into the course development include a four-pronged approach: 1) use of best practices for Writing in the Disciplines; 2) development of and focus on a multi-faceted collaborative model (Engineering and English, university and industry, students and faculty, industry and students); 3) team-teaching by engineering and English …

How The New Architectural Engineering Program Criteria Differs From The New Civil Engineering Program Criteria, Allen Estes

Architectural Engineering

There are 17 ABET accredited architectural engineering (AE) programs in the country and over 200 civil engineering (CE) programs. To gain accreditation, a program must meet the ABET general criteria common to every engineering program and specific criteria that are unique to an individual program. The American Society of Civil Engineers is the lead professional society in this effort for both CE and AE programs. Recently the Civil Engineers rewrote and implemented the Civil Engineering ABET Program Criteria to incorporate changes in the ABET general criteria, the publication of the Civil Engineering Body of Knowledge I, and the work accomplished …

Interdisciplinary Design: The Saga Continues, Brent Nuttall, Jill Nelson, Allen Estes

Architectural Engineering

The College of Architecture and Environmental Design at California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo is the only college in the nation that has departments of Architecture, Architectural Engineering and Construction Management in the same college. The institution has a 60 year tradition of collaboration between the engineering, architecture and construction disciplines, particularly at the lower division level. To enhance this collaboration, the college committed to providing an upper division interdisciplinary experience to every student in the form of a project based, team oriented five unit studio that every student would take. This new course, launched in 2009, requires small …

International Sustainability Through Knowledge Transfer Considering Culture And Resources – Sledgehammer Attacks On Adobe Masonry Walls, Craig V. Baltimore, David Lambert

Architectural Engineering

In terms of knowledge and technology innovation, sustainability is defined as the ability for a society or culture to develop, incorporate and maintain knowledge and technology in a long term manner without continued outside input. In rural East Africa, the prevalence of low-cost building materials and unskilled labor produce buildings that provide poor security for charitable groups working to improve the quality of life for communities and individuals there. Medicine and other medical supplies are targeted by thieves for their high value. Buildings constructed of the most common building material in the region, adobe masonry, are easily broken into by …

Using The Hyatt Regency Skywalk Collapse Case Study In Engineering Education., John W. Lawson, Pamalee A. Brady

Architectural Engineering

To this day, the 1981 skywalk collapse in the Kansas City Hyatt Regency resulted in the worst loss of life from a structural engineering mistake in United States history. While many important engineering lessons can be drawn from this disaster, it is just as important to recognize the broader lessons learned in the design and construction process as a whole that can be successfully brought into the classroom. Numerous organizations have undertaken the task of envisioning how engineering education can meet the demands of the future. ABET’s baccalaureate degree accreditation criteria, ASCE’s Body of Knowledge and Body of Knowledge 2 …